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Autor	Adrian Sadłowski
Tytuł	Skutki stosowania płatności redystrybucyjnej w zależności od wariantu wdrożeniowego na przykładzie Polski
Title	THE CONSEQUENCES OF USING DIFFERENT VARIANTS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF REDISTRIBUTIVE PAYMENT – A CASE STUDY OF POLAND
Słowa kluczowe	Wspólna Polityka Rolna, płatności bezpośrednie, płatność redystrybucyjna, Polska
Key words	Common Agricultural Policy, direct payments, redistributive payment, Poland
Abstrakt	W niniejszym opracowaniu, w ramach badań diagnostycznych, dokonano pomiaru aktualnego stopnia koncentracji pomocy dystrybuowanej w ramach systemu wsparcia bezpośredniego dla rolników w Polsce oraz przedstawiono jego zróżnicowanie regionalne. Z kolei w ramach badań symulacyjnych dokonano kwantyfikacji skutków redystrybucyjnych stosowania – w różnych wariantach – instrumentu wyrównującego przyznawane kwoty wsparcia między gospodarstwami. Może to stanowić podstawę oceny ex ante alternatywnych opcji wdrożeniowych płatności redystrybucyjnej. Badania doprowadziły m.in. do wyznaczenia przedziałów obszarowych gospodarstw korzystających na stosowaniu płatności redystrybucyjnej – w obecnym kształcie oraz w przykładowych wariantach alternatywnych. W części końcowej artykułu sformułowano kilka rekomendacji w zakresie projektowania płatności redystrybucyjnej na poziomie krajowym w zależności od celów, które mają być osiągane za pomocą tego instrumentu.
Abstract	The article describes a diagnostic study measuring the degree of concentration of the aid which is currently distributed under the direct support system for farmers in Poland; it also presents the regional differentiation in aid concentration. The author conducted a simulation test quantifying the redistributive effects of applying various variants of an instrument equalising the amounts of support granted to farms. This can make the basis for an ex-ante assessment of alternative options of the implementation of redistributive payment. The research enabled the identification of ranges of the areas of farms which benefit from the current shape of redistributive payment and which may benefit from alternative variants given as examples. The final part of the article contains several recommendations on how to design redistributive payment at a national level, depending on the goals to be achieved with this instrument.
Cytowanie	Sadłowski A. (2019) Skutki stosowania płatności redystrybucyjnej w zależności od wariantu wdrożeniowego na przykładzie Polski.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 22(71): 170-183
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2019_n71_s170.pdf

Autor	Agnieszka Biernat-Jarka
Tytuł	ASSESSMENT OF GREENING IN THE CONTEXT OF PROVIDING ENVIRONMENTAL PUBLIC GOODS IN AGRICULTURE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	Common Agricultural Policy, public goods, greening, environmental protection, Poland, European Union
Key words
Abstrakt	The article discusses the concept of providing environmental public goods through agriculture. The theoretical goal of the discussion was to present the concept of greening under the EU's Common Agricultural Policy. This concept was developed on the basis of available literature and from EU and Polish documents. The concrete goal is to assess greening instruments in terms of their implementation and compliance by farmers. A review of the available literature on the subject allows the assumption that the greening instrument implemented under the CAP has contributed to an intensification of activities by farmers in the field of environmental protection. The article was prepared based on source materials, monographs and scientific articles as well as Eurostat data. The article also presents the results of Eurobarometer surveys that show the expectations of EU citizens towards the European Union's CAP in the field of environmental and climate protection. Results of surveys have shown that on the one hand, the European Union should be responsible for ensuring healthy and safe food products for consumers, while on the other hand the goal of the Common Agricultural Policy should be to ensure an appropriate standard of living for farmers.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Biernat-Jarka A. (2019) ASSESSMENT OF GREENING IN THE CONTEXT OF PROVIDING ENVIRONMENTAL PUBLIC GOODS IN AGRICULTURE.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 22(71): 18-27
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2019_n71_s18.pdf

Autor	Ewa Halicka, Małgorzata Jackowska, Krystyna Rejman, Agata Szczebyło
Tytuł	Analysis of the Global Pulses Market and Programs Encouraging Consumption of This Food
Title	Analysis of the Global Pulses Market and Programs Encouraging Consumption of This Food
Słowa kluczowe	pulses, global market, production, consumption
Key words	pulses, global market, production, consumption
Abstrakt	The prevalence of diet-related diseases together with global population growth and the imbalance of ecosystems determine an urgent need to change existing dietary patterns and make food market more sustainable. A widely available alternative to food of animal origin are plant sources of protein, including pulses. The aim of this paper was to analyse the global pulses market and to review programs encouraging the increase of pulses consumption. The production and consumption of this food were analysed globally, regionally, and in selected countries using FAOSTAT data. The situation on the Polish market was presented additionally on the base of GUS (Central Statistical Office) data. Finally, the SWOT method was used to assess the market and indicate the possibility of giving up part of the meat consumption for pulses
Abstract	The prevalence of diet-related diseases together with global population growth and the imbalance of ecosystems determine an urgent need to change existing dietary patterns and make food market more sustainable. A widely available alternative to food of animal origin are plant sources of protein, including pulses. The aim of this paper was to analyse the global pulses market and to review programs encouraging the increase of pulses consumption. The production and consumption of this food were analysed globally, regionally, and in selected countries using FAOSTAT data. The situation on the Polish market was presented additionally on the base of GUS (Central Statistical Office) data. Finally, the SWOT method was used to assess the market and indicate the possibility of giving up part of the meat consumption for pulses
Cytowanie	Halicka E., Jackowska M., Rejman K., Szczebyło A. (2019) Analysis of the Global Pulses Market and Programs Encouraging Consumption of This Food.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 3: 85-96
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n3_s85.pdf

Autor	Jakub Olipra
Tytuł	Change in Seasonality Pattern of EU Farmgate Milk Price
Title	Change in Seasonality Pattern of EU Farmgate Milk Price
Słowa kluczowe	farmgate milk price, seasonality, forecasting, globalization, panel regressions
Key words	farmgate milk price, seasonality, forecasting, globalization, panel regressions
Abstrakt	Since 2007 farmgate milk prices in EU have become much more volatile and their seasonal pattern has stopped being so explicit. The purpose of this research is to test the hypothesis that seasonality still plays an important role in shaping farmgate milk prices in EU while its amplitude decreases together with the growing integration of the EU milk market with the global market. The aforementioned issues are investigated using Census X-12 procedure of price decomposition and panel random effects model. The results indicate that after 2007 the role of seasonality in determining EU farmgate milk prices has significantly decreased which partially results from the higher integration of the EU milk market with the global market. Nevertheless, seasonality remains an important factor determining the farmgate milk prices in EU. It can be expected that with the further globalization of the milk market, the significance of seasonality in determining farmgate milk prices in EU will be diminishing.
Abstract	Since 2007 farmgate milk prices in EU have become much more volatile and their seasonal pattern has stopped being so explicit. The purpose of this research is to test the hypothesis that seasonality still plays an important role in shaping farmgate milk prices in EU while its amplitude decreases together with the growing integration of the EU milk market with the global market. The aforementioned issues are investigated using Census X-12 procedure of price decomposition and panel random effects model. The results indicate that after 2007 the role of seasonality in determining EU farmgate milk prices has significantly decreased which partially results from the higher integration of the EU milk market with the global market. Nevertheless, seasonality remains an important factor determining the farmgate milk prices in EU. It can be expected that with the further globalization of the milk market, the significance of seasonality in determining farmgate milk prices in EU will be diminishing.
Cytowanie	Olipra J. (2019) Change in Seasonality Pattern of EU Farmgate Milk Price.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 3: 75-84
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n3_s75.pdf

Autor	Klaudia Gurkowa, Anna Kowalska
Tytuł	Changes in Potato Production and Consumption in Poland in 2001-2019
Title	Changes in Potato Production and Consumption in Poland in 2001-2020
Słowa kluczowe	potato, production, consumption, evolution
Key words	potato, production, consumption, evolution
Abstrakt	The aim of the article is to analyse and assess changes in the potato market in Poland. The area of potato cultivation in Poland is gradually decreasing. The scale of this phenomenon is very large - unparalleled in any other country. Unprocessed, fresh potato are replaced more and more often with ready-made preserves and cereal products, e.g. groats, rice and pasta. The study uses statistical materials published by The Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics - National Research Institute and the Central Statistical Office. The time range of these data covers the years 2001-2019. During the development of the data, the basic methods of statistical analysis were used, i.e. correlation, change dynamics, arithmetic mean and standard deviation.
Abstract	The aim of the article is to analyse and assess changes in the potato market in Poland. The area of potato cultivation in Poland is gradually decreasing. The scale of this phenomenon is very large - unparalleled in any other country. Unprocessed, fresh potato are replaced more and more often with ready-made preserves and cereal products, e.g. groats, rice and pasta. The study uses statistical materials published by The Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics - National Research Institute and the Central Statistical Office. The time range of these data covers the years 2001-2019. During the development of the data, the basic methods of statistical analysis were used, i.e. correlation, change dynamics, arithmetic mean and standard deviation.
Cytowanie	Gurkowa K., Kowalska A. (2019) Changes in Potato Production and Consumption in Poland in 2001-2019.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 3: 46-56
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n3_s46.pdf

Autor	Yuriy Hubeni, Volodymyr Krupa
Tytuł	Land Transformations in Ukraine: Problems and Expectations
Title	Land Transformations in Ukraine: Problems and Expectations
Słowa kluczowe	land reform, land relations, agricultural land market, moratorium, land lease
Key words	land reform, land relations, agricultural land market, moratorium, land lease
Abstrakt	The analysis of urgent problems of land relations transformation and of forming agricultural land market in Ukraine is carried out in the article. The general characteristic of main reform stages is given. The reasons of lasting action of the moratorium on agricultural land sale-purchase being the chief obstacle for complete market development are defined. Supporters' and opponents' arguments about moratorium canceling, population estimation of advantages and threats of land circulation are described. The results of the research project "Farmers' land expectation" made by the authors are given. The project purpose was studying population rational expectations concerning the directions of further land reform development and its results. The research was conducted on the local level in rural surrounding, which is characterized by high competition level among agrarian business subjects at agricultural land lease market. Landowners' and other interested group people' opinions concerning lease cost, potential sale price, inclination towards land sale, possibilities of farmers' common farming on their own land, leaseholders' participation in social and economic development of rural areas are examined. High level of farmers' uncertainty about land market indicators because of knowledge lack and low level of land reform information support is established.
Abstract	The analysis of urgent problems of land relations transformation and of forming agricultural land market in Ukraine is carried out in the article. The general characteristic of main reform stages is given. The reasons of lasting action of the moratorium on agricultural land sale-purchase being the chief obstacle for complete market development are defined. Supporters' and opponents' arguments about moratorium canceling, population estimation of advantages and threats of land circulation are described. The results of the research project "Farmers' land expectation" made by the authors are given. The project purpose was studying population rational expectations concerning the directions of further land reform development and its results. The research was conducted on the local level in rural surrounding, which is characterized by high competition level among agrarian business subjects at agricultural land lease market. Landowners' and other interested group people' opinions concerning lease cost, potential sale price, inclination towards land sale, possibilities of farmers' common farming on their own land, leaseholders' participation in social and economic development of rural areas are examined. High level of farmers' uncertainty about land market indicators because of knowledge lack and low level of land reform information support is established.
Cytowanie	Hubeni Y., Krupa V. (2019) Land Transformations in Ukraine: Problems and Expectations.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 3: 23-34
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n3_s23.pdf

Autor	Molla Alemayehu, Megersa Daksa, Nigussie Dechassa, Sisay Lemessa
Tytuł	Adoption Spells of Improved Potato Varieties by Smallholder Farmers in Eastern Ethiopia: The Duration Approach
Title	Adoption Spells of Improved Potato Varieties by Smallholder Farmers in Eastern Ethiopia: The Duration Approach
Słowa kluczowe	adoption spell, Weibull, static, potato varieties, Ethiopia
Key words	adoption spell, Weibull, static, potato varieties, Ethiopia
Abstrakt	Potato is mainly tagged as a food security crop in Ethiopia. However, its productivity remains low due to low adoption of improved technologies by smallholder farmers. Duration models, namely, Parametric (Weibull) and Non-parametric (Kaplan Meier) were used to analyze the data gathered from 365 sample farmers. The Non-parametric result revealed that the average duration that potato growers should wait before adopting a new variety is about 3.5 years. The Weibull regression indicated that timely availability of seed, access to labor and irrigation water, land size, and adaptation strategy by farmers are found to be factors curtailing the timeframe to adopt improved potato varieties. The regression analysis revealed that costs of inputs such as manure and compost, environmental and market factors such as drought, pest and disease outbreaks, price variability of potato seed, and quality of potato seed were found to be factors influencing adoption decisions of improved potato varieties by smallholder farmers.
Abstract	Potato is mainly tagged as a food security crop in Ethiopia. However, its productivity remains low due to low adoption of improved technologies by smallholder farmers. Duration models, namely, Parametric (Weibull) and Non-parametric (Kaplan Meier) were used to analyze the data gathered from 365 sample farmers. The Non-parametric result revealed that the average duration that potato growers should wait before adopting a new variety is about 3.5 years. The Weibull regression indicated that timely availability of seed, access to labor and irrigation water, land size, and adaptation strategy by farmers are found to be factors curtailing the timeframe to adopt improved potato varieties. The regression analysis revealed that costs of inputs such as manure and compost, environmental and market factors such as drought, pest and disease outbreaks, price variability of potato seed, and quality of potato seed were found to be factors influencing adoption decisions of improved potato varieties by smallholder farmers.
Cytowanie	Alemayehu M., Daksa M., Dechassa N., Lemessa S. (2019) Adoption Spells of Improved Potato Varieties by Smallholder Farmers in Eastern Ethiopia: The Duration Approach.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 2: 103-118
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n2_s103.pdf

Autor	Antoni Faber, Zuzanna Jarosz, Aleksandra Król
Tytuł	Wpływ zmian klimatu na efektywność wykorzystywania azotu oraz jego straty
Title	The Impact of Climate Change on the Efficiency of Nitrogen Use and its Losses
Słowa kluczowe	zmiany klimatu, plony, efektywność, azot, straty
Key words	climate change, yield, NUE, nitrogen, losses
Abstrakt	Celem badań było określenie przewidywanych plonów, efektywności wykorzystania N (NUE), wymywania N, emisji N2O i NH3 w zależności od zmian klimatu do 2050 r. Badania wykonano, z zastosowaniem modelu DNDC, dla okresów lat 1991-2010, 2011-2030 i 2031-2050 oraz 10 lokalizacji w Polsce. W symulacjach uwzględniono zmianowanie roślin: kukurydza na ziarno – jęczmień jary – rzepak ozimy – pszenica ozima, które uprawiano na glebach lekkich, średnich i ciężkich, przy nawożeniu wynoszącym odpowiednio: 140, 90, 160 i 120 kg N ha-1. Stwierdzono, że zmiany klimatu przyczynić się mogą do wzrostów plonów kukurydzy na ziarno (6-43%) i rzepaku ozimego (2-8%), spadków plonów pszenicy ozimej (od -18 do -5%) oraz nieistotnych zmian w plonach jęczmienia jarego. NUE wzrośnie w uprawie kukurydzy (2-17%), zmaleje w uprawach pszenicy ozimej (3-22%) i jęczmienia jarego (3-17%) oraz nie ulegnie zmianie w przypadku rzepaku ozimego. Zmiany NUE oraz straty N nie wpływały na konieczność zmniejszenia dawek azotu w przyszłej uprawie badanych roślin.
Abstract	The aim of the study was to determine the expected yields, the efficiency of N (NUE) use, N leaching, N2O and NH3 emissions depending on climate change until 2050. The research was carried out using the DNDC model for the years 1991-2010, 2011-2030 and 2031-2050 as well as 10 locations in Poland. In the simulations, the crop rotation were considered: maize for grain - spring barley - winter rape - winter wheat, which was grown on light, medium and heavy soils, with fertilization of, respectively: 140, 90, 160 and 120 kg N ha-1. It was found that climate change can contribute to increase in the yield of maize (6-43%) and winter rape (2-8%), decreases in winter wheat yield (from -18 to -5%) and negligible changes in yields of spring barley. NUE will increase in the cultivation of maize (2-17%), it will decrease in winter wheat (3-22%) and spring barley (3-17%) crops and will not change in the case of winter oilseed rape. NUE changes and N losses did not affect the need to reduce nitrogen doses in the future cultivation of the studied plants.
Cytowanie	Faber A., Jarosz Z., Król A. (2019) Wpływ zmian klimatu na efektywność wykorzystywania azotu oraz jego straty.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 1: 37-46
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s37.pdf

Autor	Mariusz Hamulczuk, Oksana Makarchuk, Edgardo Sica
Tytuł	Price Behaviour and Market Integration: Preliminary Evidencefrom the Ukrainian and European Union Rapeseed Markets
Title	Price Behaviour and Market Integration: Preliminary Evidencefrom the Ukrainian and European Union Rapeseed Markets
Słowa kluczowe	price behavior, horizontal market integration, Ukraine, European Union, rapeseed market
Key words	price behavior, horizontal market integration, Ukraine, European Union, rapeseed market
Abstrakt	This paper aims to provide preliminary evidence about the existence of horizontal integration between the rapeseed markets in Ukraine (UA) and the European Union (EU). To this end, both a trade analysis and a price analysis were carried out. In particular, the trade analysis was performed using yearly trade flows between the UA and EU, whereas price co-movement was assessed by means of linear vector error correction model (VECM) applied to weekly prices for rapeseed from 2008 to 2018. Our findings provide evidence of strong integration between the UA and EU markets in terms of the trade of rapeseeds, rape cake, and rape oil, as well as high horizontal rapeseed price transmission between the two economies.
Abstract	This paper aims to provide preliminary evidence about the existence of horizontal integration between the rapeseed markets in Ukraine (UA) and the European Union (EU). To this end, both a trade analysis and a price analysis were carried out. In particular, the trade analysis was performed using yearly trade flows between the UA and EU, whereas price co-movement was assessed by means of linear vector error correction model (VECM) applied to weekly prices for rapeseed from 2008 to 2018. Our findings provide evidence of strong integration between the UA and EU markets in terms of the trade of rapeseeds, rape cake, and rape oil, as well as high horizontal rapeseed price transmission between the two economies.
Cytowanie	Hamulczuk M., Makarchuk O., Sica E. (2019) Price Behaviour and Market Integration: Preliminary Evidencefrom the Ukrainian and European Union Rapeseed Markets.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 1: 47-58
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s47.pdf

Autor	Dorota Komorowska
Tytuł	Wyniki produkcyjne i ekonomiczne gospodarstw nastawionych na produkcję zwierzęcą
Title	Production and Economic Results of Farms focused on Animal Production
Słowa kluczowe	produkcja zwierzęca, wyniki produkcji rolniczej, efektywność gospodarowania zasobami w rolnictwie
Key words	animal production, results of agricultural production, resource efficiency in agriculture
Abstrakt	Celem opracowania jest ocena wyników gospodarowania zasobami produkcyjnymi w gospodarstwach nastawionych na produkcję zwierzęcą, które były objęte rachunkowością rolną w systemie FADN w 2016 roku. Analizie poddano wyniki produkcyjne i ekonomiczne oraz produktywność i dochodowość zasobów ziemi, pracy i kapitału gospodarstw nastawionych na chów bydła mlecznego, trzody chlewnej oraz bydła rzeźnego, owiec i kóz. Zaprezentowane w opracowaniu wyniki badanych gospodarstw wskazują na znacznie wyższy poziom wyników produkcyjnych i ekonomicznych oraz efektywności gospodarowania zasobami w gospodarstwach trzodowych, zwłaszcza w odniesieniu do gospodarstw prowadzących chów bydła rzeźnego, owiec i kóz, co wynikało z ich większej skali i intensywności produkcji. Gospodarstwa specjalizujących się w chowie bydła rzeźnego, owiec i kóz uzyskały ujemny wynik ekonomiczny, dlatego dopłaty do działalności tego typu gospodarstw warunkowały ich dodatni wynik końcowy oraz efektywność ekonomiczną gospodarowania zasobami.
Abstract	The aim of the study is to assess the results of managing production resources in farms focused on animal production, which were covered by agricultural accounting in the FADN system in 2016. The analysis covered the production and economic results as well as the productivity and profitability of land, labor and capital resources of farms focused on dairy cattle, swine and slaughter cattle, sheep and goats. The results of the researched farms presented in the study point to a significantly higher level of production and economic results as well as resource management efficiency in pig farms, especially in relation to farms keeping cattle for slaughter, sheep and goats, which resulted from their larger scale and intensity of production. Farms specializing in slaughter of cattle, sheep and goats obtained a negative economic result, therefore subsidies for the operation of such farms were conditioned by their positive final result and economic efficiency of resource management.
Cytowanie	Komorowska D. (2019) Wyniki produkcyjne i ekonomiczne gospodarstw nastawionych na produkcję zwierzęcą .Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 1: 68-78
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s68.pdf

Autor	Piotr Dubicki, Piotr Kułyk
Tytuł	Uwarunkowania zachowań konsumentów na rynku żywności ekologicznej
Title	Determinants of Consumer Behavior on the Organic Food Market
Słowa kluczowe	świadomość ekologiczna, żywność ekologiczna, zachowania konsumentów
Key words	the ecological awareness, organic food, consumer behaviour
Abstrakt	Poznanie zmieniających się potrzeb konsumentów jest ważnym elementem budowania przewagi konkurencyjnej przedsiębiorstwa. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie zachowań konsumentów na lokalnym rynku produktów ekologicznych. W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia związane z rynkiem żywności ekologicznej. Zdefiniowano i scharakteryzowano pojęcie produktu ekologicznego, omówiono kontrolę i certyfikację produkcji ekologicznej oraz czynniki wpływające na jakość żywności i popyt na produkty ekologiczne. Przeprowadzono badanie ankietowe na rynku lokalnym mające na celu scharakteryzowanie uwarunkowań zachowań konsumentów na rynku żywności ekologicznej. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań ankietowych i analizy danych statystycznych można zauważyć, że współczesny konsument jest świadomy tego co kupuje. Jakość i skład produktu to najważniejsze czynniki, które wpływają na podejmowane przez nich decyzję. Konsumenci coraz częściej rezygnują z konsumpcji żywności tradycyjnej na korzyść produktów ekologicznych.
Abstract	Understanding the changing needs of consumers is an important element of building a competitive advantage of the company. The aim of the article is to present consumer behavior on the local market of organic products. The article presents issues related to the organic food market. The concept of organic product was defined and characterized, control and certification of organic production as well as factors affecting food quality and demand for organic products were discussed. In addition, a survey was conducted on the local market to show the determinants of consumer behaviour on the organic food market. Based on the surveys carried out and the analysis of statistical data, it can be seen that the modern consumer is aware of what he is buying. The quality and composition of the product are the most important factors that influence the decision they make. Consumers are increasingly giving up the consumption of traditional food in favor of organic products.
Cytowanie	Dubicki P., Kułyk P. (2019) Uwarunkowania zachowań konsumentów na rynku żywności ekologicznej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 1: 79-87
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s79.pdf

Autor	Arkadiusz Piwowar
Tytuł	Development of the Agricultural Biogas Market in Poland – Production Volume, Feedstocks, Activities and Behaviours of Farmers
Title	Development of the Agricultural Biogas Market in Poland – Production Volume, Feedstocks, Activities and Behaviours of Farmers
Słowa kluczowe	low carbon agriculture, agricultural biogas plants, Poland
Key words	low carbon agriculture, agricultural biogas plants, Poland
Abstrakt	The activity and efficiency of agricultural biogas plants are important issues in the field of low-emission development in rural areas and in agribusiness. The essence of the problems concerns mainly sustainable waste management in agricultural production. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the volume of agricultural biogas production in Poland and the structure of consumption of raw materials used for production of agricultural biogas. The analyses were carried out in the period of 2011–2017. The paper also presents results of empirical research on the agricultural practices as part of the subject area of the development of the agricultural biogas market in Poland. The aim of the questionnaire surveys of agricultural holdings was to obtain information on the use of the biomass from field crops and grasslands for energy purposes and the interest in the development of agricultural production towards the cultivation of energy crops. The results of the analyses were presented in the spatial arrangement of research.
Abstract	The activity and efficiency of agricultural biogas plants are important issues in the field of low-emission development in rural areas and in agribusiness. The essence of the problems concerns mainly sustainable waste management in agricultural production. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the volume of agricultural biogas production in Poland and the structure of consumption of raw materials used for production of agricultural biogas. The analyses were carried out in the period of 2011–2017. The paper also presents results of empirical research on the agricultural practices as part of the subject area of the development of the agricultural biogas market in Poland. The aim of the questionnaire surveys of agricultural holdings was to obtain information on the use of the biomass from field crops and grasslands for energy purposes and the interest in the development of agricultural production towards the cultivation of energy crops. The results of the analyses were presented in the spatial arrangement of research.
Cytowanie	Piwowar A. (2019) Development of the Agricultural Biogas Market in Poland – Production Volume, Feedstocks, Activities and Behaviours of Farmers.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 1: 88-97
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s88.pdf

Autor	Agnieszka Kurdyś-Kujawska, Agnieszka Strzelecka, Danuta Zawadzka
Tytuł	Kapitał obcy a potencjał wytwórczy i wyniki produkcyjno-ekonomiczne towarowych gospodarstw rolnych
Title	Debt Versus Production Potential as Well as Production and Economic Results of Commodity Farms
Słowa kluczowe	kapitał obcy, potencjał produkcyjny, wyniki produkcyjno-ekonomiczne, towarowe gospodarstwo rolne, test U Manna-Whitney’a
Key words	debt, production potential, production and economic results, commodity farm, U Mann-Whitney rank sum test
Abstrakt	Celem badania jest odpowiedź na pytanie: czy wykorzystanie kapitału obcego przez towarowe gospodarstwa rolne przyczynia się do zwiększenia potencjału wytwórczego oraz poprawy warunków produkcyjno-ekonomicznych? Badania przeprowadzono w oparciu o dane zebrane w ramach Polskiego FADN dla 2015 roku. Próba badawcza liczyła 12 021 towarowych gospodarstw rolnych, w tym blisko połowa (48,61%), obok kapitału własnego korzystała także z zewnętrznych źródeł finansowania działalności rolniczej. Ze względu na silną asymetrię, do opisu cech charakteryzujących badane podmioty wykorzystano miary pozycyjne. Do oceny istotności różnic rozkładów zastosowano test sumy rang U Manna-Whitney'a. Uzyskane wyniki badań wskazują na występowanie istotnych różnic w potencjale produkcyjnym oraz efektywności produkcyjnej i ekonomicznej podmiotów finansujących działalność rolniczą kapitałem obcym i gospodarstw, które korzystają wyłącznie z kapitału własnego. Podmioty, które wykorzystują do finansowania działalności rolniczej, obok kapitału własnego, także kapitał obcy, charakteryzują się wyższym potencjałem wytwórczym oraz uzyskują wyższe wyniki produkcyjno-ekonomiczne, niż gospodarstwa korzystające tylko z kapitału własnego.
Abstract	The aim of the research is to find an answer to the question: Does the use of debt by commodity farms contribute to the increase of production potential and improvement of production and economic conditions? The research was based on data collected as part of the Polish FADN for 2015. The research sample consisted of 12021 commodity farms, of which almost half (48.61%), apart from equity also used external sources of financing agricultural activity. To describe the features characterizing the studied entities, positional measures were used due to strong asymmetry. The U Mann-Whitney rank sum test was used to assess the significance of differences in distributions. The obtained research results indicate the existence of significant differences in production potential as well as production and economic efficiency of commodity farms financing agricultural activity with debt and farms that use only own capital. Entities that use debt to finance agricultural activities, apart from equity, are characterized by a higher production potential and obtain higher production and economic results than farms using only equity.
Cytowanie	Kurdyś-Kujawska A., Strzelecka A., Zawadzka D. (2019) Kapitał obcy a potencjał wytwórczy i wyniki produkcyjno-ekonomiczne towarowych gospodarstw rolnych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 1: 110-119
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s110.pdf

Autor	Anna Twardowska
Tytuł	Konwergencja typu sigma cen gruntów rolnych w państwach Unii Europejskiej
Title	Sigma Convergence of Agricultural Land Prices in European Union Countries
Słowa kluczowe	sigma-konwergencja, grunty rolne, ceny, Unia Europejska
Key words	sigma-convergence, agricultural land, prices, the European Union
Abstrakt	W artykule poruszono problematykę zależności pomiędzy cenami ziemi rolniczej w państwach Unii Europejskiej. Celem artykułu jest próba uzyskania odpowiedzi na pytanie czy ma miejsce zmniejszanie się zróżnicowania poziomu cen gruntów rolnych w krajach Unii Europejskiej. Analizie poddano ceny gruntów rolnych w wybranych państwach UE w latach 2006 – 2016. Badaniu poddano występowanie konwergencji w trzech wymiarach: w całej Unii Europejskiej, pomiędzy państwami tzw. starej Unii oraz pomiędzy tzw. nowymi krajami UE. W wyniku przeprowadzonych analiz potwierdzono występowanie zjawiska sigma-konwergencji cen gruntów rolnych w całej UE. Stwierdzono również, że w tzw. nowych państwach UE oraz pomiędzy państwami należącymi do tzw. starych państw UE nie zachodzi zjawisko sigma-konwergencji cen gruntów rolnych.
Abstract	The article raises the issue of dependence between agricultural land prices in the European Union countries. The aim of the article is to provide an answer to the following question: if the level of agricultural land price differentiation in the European Union is diminishing. The analysis covered prices of agricultural land in selected the EU countries in the period 2006 - 2016. The study was based on the occurrence of convergence in three dimensions: throughout the European Union, between the so-called old EU and between the so-called new EU countries. As a result of the conducted analyses, the phenomenon of sigma-convergence of agricultural land prices across the EU was confirmed. It was also found that in the so-called new EU countries and in so-called old EU countries there is no sigma convergence of agricultural land prices.
Cytowanie	Twardowska A. (2019) Konwergencja typu sigma cen gruntów rolnych w państwach Unii Europejskiej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 1: 133-143
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s133.pdf

Autor	Kaja Karwowska, Magdalena Skotnicka, Maria Śmiechowska
Tytuł	Tea Production and its Forecasts, and the Possibility of Tea Cultivation in the Context of Environmental Requirements in China
Title	Tea Production and its Forecasts, and the Possibility of Tea Cultivation in the Context of Environmental Requirements in China
Słowa kluczowe	tea, plantations, crop types, climate changes, local ecosystems
Key words	tea, plantations, crop types, climate changes, local ecosystems
Abstrakt	The present study demonstrates the reasons for the foundation of tea plantations and conditions of their cultivation. The limitations and negative consequences of cultivation of tea plants along with the ideas for their minimization are shown. Plantations were created to optimize the harvest. However, it has been found that they negatively influence local ecosystems. The global demand for tea leaves is constantly growing. Due to the specific climate requirements of tea plants and progressive climate changes, the arable land area suitable for their cultivation is constantly decreasing. New solutions should be implemented as soon as possible, ensuring a constant supply of raw material. Otherwise, in the next few years tea may become a luxury product. FAO has presented the activities that could reduce the losses. At the moment, the best solution might be to change crop types and diversify sources of raw material. It is also highlighted that there is a need to carry out research aiming at developing varieties of Camella sinensis with lower climate requirements.
Abstract	The present study demonstrates the reasons for the foundation of tea plantations and conditions of their cultivation. The limitations and negative consequences of cultivation of tea plants along with the ideas for their minimization are shown. Plantations were created to optimize the harvest. However, it has been found that they negatively influence local ecosystems. The global demand for tea leaves is constantly growing. Due to the specific climate requirements of tea plants and progressive climate changes, the arable land area suitable for their cultivation is constantly decreasing. New solutions should be implemented as soon as possible, ensuring a constant supply of raw material. Otherwise, in the next few years tea may become a luxury product. FAO has presented the activities that could reduce the losses. At the moment, the best solution might be to change crop types and diversify sources of raw material. It is also highlighted that there is a need to carry out research aiming at developing varieties of Camella sinensis with lower climate requirements.
Cytowanie	Karwowska K., Skotnicka M., Śmiechowska M. (2019) Tea Production and its Forecasts, and the Possibility of Tea Cultivation in the Context of Environmental Requirements in China.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 1: 180-191
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s180.pdf

Autor	Bożena Grabowska, Monika Radzymińska
Tytuł	Ocena postaw prozdrowotnych konsumentów nabywających żywność w sklepach specjalistycznych
Title	Evaluation Consumers Health Attitudes Purchasing Food in Specialist Shops
Słowa kluczowe	sklepy specjalistyczne, postawy prozdrowotne, konsument, żywność wysokiej jakości, cechy socjodemograficzne
Key words	specialist shops, health attitudes, consumer, high quality food, socio-demographic characteristics
Abstrakt	Celem pracy była ocena postaw prozdrowotnych konsumentów nabywających żywność w sklepach specjalistycznych. Określono rodzaj i częstotliwość zakupu żywności oraz dokonano klasyfikacji respondentów ze względu na prezentowane postawy prozdrowotne. Badania zrealizowano metodą pomiaru sondażowego, techniką bezpośrednią. Ogółem przeprowadzono 190 wywiadów. Wyniki badań wskazują, iż dla klientów sklepów specjalistycznych zdrowotność spożywanej żywności ma duże znaczenie. Zwracają uwagę na jej skład kupując produkty naturalne z jak najmniejszą ilością konserwantów, jak najmniej przetworzone. Konsumenci ci są skłonni zapłacić więcej za produkty gwarantowanej jakości. Wyodrębniono trzy skupienia zróżnicowane pod względem postaw prozdrowotnych reprezentujące odpowiednio: 22, 18 i 60% badanej populacji. Skupienie 1 reprezentowane było w większości przez mężczyzn nie dbających o ilość zjadanych kalorii oraz nie zgłębiających wiedzy na temat zdrowego odżywiania, z kolei zwracających uwagę na jakość kupowanej żywności, gotowych zapłacić więcej za produkty gwarantowanej jakości. Natomiast skupienie 2 skupiało głównie mężczyzn o umiarkowanych postawach prozdrowotnych, niezainteresowanych tematyką zdrowego odżywiania. Najliczniej reprezentowane skupienie 3 w przewadze stanowiły kobiety cechujące się silnymi postawami prozdrowotnymi, dbające o ilość spożywanych kalorii, poszukujące i zgłębiające informacje dotyczące zdrowego odżywiania.
Abstract	The aim of the paper was to assess pro-health attitudes of consumers purchasing food in specialist stores. The type and frequency of food purchase was determined and respondents were classified due to pro-health attitude. The research was conducted using personal interview. A total of 190 interviews were gathered. The results showed that for customers of specialist stores, healthiness of consumed food is significant. They pay attention to its ingredients buying natural products with low content of preservatives, less processed. These consumers are willing to pay more for guaranteed quality products. Three clusters of pro-health attitudes representing: 22, 18 and 60% of surveyed population were distinguished. Cluster 1 was represented mostly by men who do not care about the amount of calories consumed and do not interested in knowledge about healthy eating. This group pay attention on purchased food quality, and they are able to pay more for guaranteed quality products. Whereas cluster 2 focused mainly men with moderate pro-health attitudes, not interested in expanding nutrition knowledge. The most-represented cluster of 3 was predominantly women with strong pro-health attitudes, counting consumed calories, seeking and exploring healthy eating knowledge.
Cytowanie	Grabowska B., Radzymińska M. (2019) Ocena postaw prozdrowotnych konsumentów nabywających żywność w sklepach specjalistycznych .Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 1: 192-203
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s192.pdf

Autor	Antoni Faber, Zuzanna Jarosz, Tomasz Żyłowski
Tytuł	Weryfikacja możliwości redukcji emisji amoniaku dla różnych praktyk aplikacji gnojowicy w Polsce
Title	Verification of the Possibilities to Reduce Ammonia Emission for Various Slurry Application Practices in Poland
Słowa kluczowe	rolnictwo, gnojowica, amoniak, emisje, ograniczenie emisji
Key words	agriculture, slurry, ammonia, emission, emission reduction
Abstrakt	Rolnictwo polskie zobowiązane jest do redukcji emisji amoniaku (NH3), w stosunku do 2005 r., o 1% corocznie w latach 2020-29 oraz o 17% corocznie od 2030 r. Znaczącym źródłem emisji jest stosowanie gnojowicy. W Polsce aplikuje się ją głównie rozbryzgowo na powierzchnię pola i przyoruje po 4-24 godzinach od aplikacji. W pracy zastosowano model ALFAM2 do scharakteryzowania emisji NH3 z rozbryzgowego stosowania gnojowicy w zależności od specyficznych dla Polski: dawek gnojowicy, jej suchej masy, temperatury powietrza, prędkości wiatru, opadów oraz pH gnojowicy. W stosunku do emisji NH3 z gnojowicy stosowanej na powierzchnię pola oszacowano emisje powstające przy aplikacji gnojowicy za pomocą wężów wleczonych, wężów z redlicami oraz aplikacji do otwartych szczelin, płytko doglebowo i głęboko doglebowo. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników oszacowano wielkości redukcji emisji dla podstawowych praktyk jej aplikacji.
Abstract	Polish agriculture is obliged to reduce ammonia (NH3) emissions, compared to 2005, by 1% annually in 2020-29 and by 17% annually from 2030. A significant source of emissions is the use of slurry. In Poland, it is mainly broadcast on the field surface and incorporated 4-24 hours after application. The ALFAM2 model was used to characterize the NH3 emissions from the slurry broadcast depending on the specific parameters for Poland: doses of slurry, its dry matter, air temperature, wind speed, precipitation and the pH of the slurry. In relation to the NH3 emission from the slurry applied broadcast to the field surface, the emissions resulting from the application of slurry by trailing hoses, trailing shoe, open slot injection, shallow and deep injection were estimated. On the basis of the obtained results, the emission reduction values were estimated for the basic practices of its application.
Cytowanie	Faber A., Jarosz Z., Żyłowski T. (2019) Weryfikacja możliwości redukcji emisji amoniaku dla różnych praktyk aplikacji gnojowicy w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 2: 31-40
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n2_s31.pdf

Autor	Katarzyna Himstedt, Tomasz Kacprzak
Tytuł	The Influence of the Russian Embargo on the Economic Situation of Apple Producers in the Eastern Part of the Masovia Province
Title	The Influence of the Russian Embargo on the Economic Situation of Apple Producers in the Eastern Part of the Masovia Province
Słowa kluczowe	embargo, Russia, apple market
Key words	embargo, Russia, apple market
Abstrakt	The article concerns the effects of the Russian embargo on apple producers in Poland. Scientific literature is quite poor in this field, mainly information articles in industry literature and media information are available. The literature was reviewed in this respect and two studies (questionnaire and interview) were carried out. The information obtained allowed us to draw conclusions about the very large negative impact of the embargo on the apple market and to learn about its characteristics. New markets do not generate sufficient demand, in 2018 apple prices dropped below production costs, but this does not reflect in a drop in prices in stores, which means that price speculations take place, and the situation is used by realtors. It is necessary to quickly return to the Russian market, because soon it will be unrecoverable for Polish fruit farmers. It is also necessary to put pressure on the European Union's policy, because nowadays it is the Polish farmers who bear its effects to the greatest extent.
Abstract	The article concerns the effects of the Russian embargo on apple producers in Poland. Scientific literature is quite poor in this field, mainly information articles in industry literature and media information are available. The literature was reviewed in this respect and two studies (questionnaire and interview) were carried out. The information obtained allowed us to draw conclusions about the very large negative impact of the embargo on the apple market and to learn about its characteristics. New markets do not generate sufficient demand, in 2018 apple prices dropped below production costs, but this does not reflect in a drop in prices in stores, which means that price speculations take place, and the situation is used by realtors. It is necessary to quickly return to the Russian market, because soon it will be unrecoverable for Polish fruit farmers. It is also necessary to put pressure on the European Union's policy, because nowadays it is the Polish farmers who bear its effects to the greatest extent.
Cytowanie	Himstedt K., Kacprzak T. (2019) The Influence of the Russian Embargo on the Economic Situation of Apple Producers in the Eastern Part of the Masovia Province.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 2: 54-64
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n2_s54.pdf

Autor	Sylwia Kierczyńska
Tytuł	Zmiany w produkcji i eksporcie malin i wiśni w krajach Europy Południowej i Wschodniej i ich znaczenie dla produkcji w Polsce
Title	Changes in Raspberry and Sour Cherry Production and Export in Southern and Eastern Europe and Implications for Polish Production
Słowa kluczowe	produkcja malin, eksport malin, produkcja wiśni, eksport wiśni
Key words	raspberry production, raspberry export, sour cherry production, sour cherry export
Abstrakt	Celem pracy było zbadanie jak zmieniała się produkcja i eksport owoców, które są domeną polskiej produkcji na rynku międzynarodowym, czyli malin i wiśni, w krajach Europy Wschodniej i Południowej w okresie 2006-2017. Do analizy produkcji owoców wykorzystano dane pochodzące z bazy Faostat, a wielkości eksportu – dane z bazy Comtrade. Przeprowadzona analiza wskazała na rozwój produkcji oraz wzrost eksportu malin w krajach o mniejszym areale upraw tych owoców oraz stabilizację w krajach posiadających dużą powierzchnię upraw malin. W przypadku wiśni, w większości krajów, zarówno o dużej jak i małej powierzchni nasadzeń, potencjał produkcyjny oraz zbiory owoców tego gatunku zmniejszały się. Eksport wiśni zwiększał się szczególnie z krajów o mniejszym potencjale w produkcji wiśni. Rozwój produkcji i eksportu malin z krajów o dotychczas mniejszym potencjale produkcyjnym może w przyszłości stanowić konkurencję dla Polski na rynkach międzynarodowych.
Abstract	The aim of the study was to examine the changes in production and export of raspberries and sour cherries, which are the domain of Polish production on the international markets, in the countries of Eastern and Southern Europe during the 2006-2017. There was used data from Faostat database for the analysis of fruit production, and from Comtrade database for the analysis of export volume. Study points to the development of production and an increase in the export of raspberries in countries with a smaller area of cultivation of this fruit crops and stability in countries with a large area of crops of raspberries. In the case of sour cherries, in most countries, both large and small area plantings, production potential, and volume of production of fruit of this species declined. The export of sour cherries increased particularly from countries with less potential in the production of sour cherries. The development of the production and export of raspberries from countries with lower production capacity may in the future be competition for Poland on the international markets.
Cytowanie	Kierczyńska S. (2019) Zmiany w produkcji i eksporcie malin i wiśni w krajach Europy Południowej i Wschodniej i ich znaczenie dla produkcji w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 2: 65-76
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n2_s65.pdf

Autor	Andżelika Kuźnar, Jerzy Menkes
Tytuł	Handel produktami rolno-spożywczymi w Umowie o partnerstwie gospodarczym między UE a Japonią
Title	Agri-Food Trade in the EU-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement
Słowa kluczowe	umowa o partnerstwie gospodarczym UE-Japonia (EPA); regionalne porozumienia handlowe (RTA), cła, bariery pozataryfowe
Key words	EU-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA); Regional Trade Agreements (RTA), tariffs, non-tariff barriers
Abstrakt	W 2018 r. Unia Europejska i Japonia zawarły Umowę o partnerstwie gospodarczym (EPA), która jest jedną z najszerszych i najbardziej kompleksowych umów handlowych podpisanych przez Strony do tej pory. Umowa ta obejmuje m.in. kwestie dostępu do rynków rolnych obu Stron, zakładając liberalizację barier taryfowych i pozataryfowych. Z uwagi na większe znaczenie sektora rolnego w eksporcie UE do Japonii niż odwrotnie, jak również wysoki poziom ochrony rynku japońskiego, Umowa ma duże znaczenie dla unijnych, w tym polskich podmiotów z branży rolno-spożywczej. Celem artykułu jest określenie możliwych skutków EPA dla rozwoju eksportu produktów rolno-spożywczych z państw UE, a w szczególności z Polski do Japonii. Badanie przeprowadzono na podstawie analizy tekstu EPA oraz najnowszych danych handlowych.
Abstract	In 2018, the European Union and Japan concluded an Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA), which is one of the widest and most comprehensive trade agreements signed by the Parties to date. This Agreement covers issues related to access to agricultural markets of both Parties, assuming the liberalization of tariff and non-tariff barriers. Due to the greater importance of the agricultural sector in EU exports to Japan than vice versa, as well as the high level of protection of the Japanese market, the Agreement is of great importance for the EU, including Poland’s agri-food exporters. The aim of the paper is to determine the possible effects of EPA on the development of exports of agri-food products from EU countries, in particular from Poland to Japan. The study was based on EPA text analysis and the latest trade data.
Cytowanie	Kuźnar A., Menkes J. (2019) Handel produktami rolno-spożywczymi w Umowie o partnerstwie gospodarczym między UE a Japonią.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 2: 89-102
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n2_s89.pdf