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Autor	Teresa Kowalczyk, Wiesław Szczesny, Marek Wiech
Tytuł	Koncepcja pomiaru nierówności dla wielu zmiennych
Title	Concepts for measures of inequality in multivariate data
Słowa kluczowe	kierunkowa krzywa Lorenza, kierunkowy wskaźnik Giniego, koncentracja, nierówność, zró?nicowanie, tau Kendalla, gradacyjna analiza danych
Key words	directional Lorenz curve, directional Gini index, concentration, inequality, diversity, Kendall’s tau, grade data analysis
Abstrakt	Praca składa się z trzech głównych części. W pierwszej z nich wprowadzone zostają pojęcia kierunkowej krzywej Lorenza i kierunkowego wskaźnika Giniego, uogólnione następnie na odpowiednie pojęcia przy pomiarze koncentracji. W części drugiej wprowadzone pojęcia wykorzystane są do przedstawienia pewnych metod pomiaru nierówności, określanych jako podejście gradacyjne dla tablic z wieloma zmiennymi. Jako przykłady służą trzy tablice z danymi dla pięciu banków i trzech ich cech: stanu depozytów oraz stanów kredytów złotówkowych i kredytów dewizowych. Końcowa część pracy to porównanie wskaźników gradacyjnych z proponowanymi przez Moslera i Koshevoya oraz krótkie odniesienie do innych koncepcji pomiaru nierówności
Abstract	The article consists of three main parts. The first part introduces concepts of directional Lorenz curve and directional Gini index, generalized then to obtain suitable terms concerning concentration measures. In the second part some inequality indices are introduced, which present a grade approach to multivariate datasets. As an example three datasets concerning five banks and three variables (deposits, Polish currency loans and foreign currency loans) are considered. The final part consists of comparison of grade approach to approach proposed by Mosler and Koshevoy, followed by a short account of some other concepts of inequality measurement
Cytowanie	Kowalczyk T., Szczesny W., Wiech M. (2006) Koncepcja pomiaru nierówności dla wielu zmiennych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 60: 319-329
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2006_n60_s319.pdf

Autor	Elżbieta Kacperska, Jakub Kraciuk
Tytuł	Procesy koncentracji w polskim sektorze bankowym
Title	Concentration Processes in Polish Banking Sector
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Abstract	The financial sector presents the strongest tendency towards capital concentration, what is the effect of its deregulation, liberalization and strong competitiveness. Fusions and foreign investors, who are taking banks over, are accomplishing this concentration. From the beginning of 1993 until the first quarter of 2004, the number of active commercial banks decreased from 87 to 59 and 27 fusions and assumptions were noticed. At the beginning of 2004 foreign investors controlled 46 commercial banks out of 59 operating in Poland. The value of their investments exceeded 7 .2 billions PLN and they owned 76.3% of equity and supplementary funds and 67.4% of assets. Owing to these investments, the banking sector development has started and the investors subsidised existing banks, improved infrastructure and made many innovations. The large foreign banks, which were set up as a result of concentration, made banking system more effective and facilitated development of national economy. On the other hand, the superior contribution of large foreign banks obstructs national financial policy and makes the financial sector sensitive to prosperity fluctuations and a crisis of the world banking system.
Cytowanie	Kacperska E., Kraciuk J. (2004) Procesy koncentracji w polskim sektorze bankowym.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 54: 69-87
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2004_n54_s69.pdf

Autor	Artur Kowalczyk, Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Ocena konkurencyjności spółdzielni mleczarskich
Title	The evaluation of Dairy Cooperatives' Competitiveness
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Abstract	The study presents the comparative analysis of competitiveness' level of dairy cooperatives, which exports their products to the UE market and cooperatives from Świętokrzyskie province, which are not entitled to the export to the UE market. Cooperatives exporting their products to the UE market (group A) in the years 1998-2001 showed the increase of milk processing while in cooperatives from Świętokrzyskie province the decrease ensued. The cooperatives from group A were also characterized by three times higher level of average delivery of milk as well as the share in the purchase of extra class milk. In 2001 cooperatives Świętokrzyskie province incurred loss while group A cooperatives achieved increasing significant profit. The competitive strength of milk · deliverers is larger in a group of cooperatives in Świętokrzyskie province because those cooperatives do not achieve the cost advantage for the sake of the low concentration of the production. The biggest threat to dairy cooperatives is in the buyers' strong influence on the volume of sale and in buyers' possibility to change a cooperative delivering them dairy products. The level of competition's intensity in the scope of products offered by cooperatives was similar, highest in the case of milk, cheese, sour and sour cream and lowest in case of powder milk and butter. The necessity of covering large capital needs as well as difficulties in access to distribution channels were described as largest barriers to entry and considerable small barrier is the competitive activity of already existing enterprises. In the opinion of cooperatives' managers the possibility of appearing new substitutes of dairy products, except for butter, is low.
Cytowanie	Kowalczyk A., Wasilewski M. (2004) Ocena konkurencyjności spółdzielni mleczarskich.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 52: 47-62
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2004_n52_s47.pdf

Autor	Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Poziom nakładów materialnych a wyniki ekonomiczne gospodarstw indywidualnych
Title	The Level of Material Outlays and Economic Results of Private Farms
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Abstract	In the paper the analysis of the relationship between economic results and the level of the material outlays' concentration in private farms is presented. In general, farms with the highest level of the material outlays' concentration were characterized by the highest profitability of land, while in the group of the lowest level of those outlays the profitability was the lowest. In the case of the productivity of land relationships were similar to the case of its profitability. Social and economic efficiency of labour was higher in the group of farms with the highest level of material outlays, what shows that resources and labour outlays were used effectively. In general farms with an average level of material outlays were characterized by the highest profitability of sale, while farms with the highest outlays were characterized by the lowest profitability. It may show that the effectiveness of material outlays decrease with the growth by unit of the level of outlays. One of possible reasons for that tendency, in comparison with the highest profitability of land in the third group of farms, is using purchased materials for the broader scale, what makes farms independent on their resources of land.
Cytowanie	Wasilewski M. (2004) Poziom nakładów materialnych a wyniki ekonomiczne gospodarstw indywidualnych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 52: 91-99
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2004_n52_s91.pdf