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Autor	Justyna Herda-Kopańska
Tytuł	Pomiar mnożnika w rozwoju rolnictwa
Title	Measurement of the Multiplier in the Development of Agriculture
Słowa kluczowe	pomiar mnożnika, macierz rachunkowości społecznej, model input-output, rozwój rolnictwa
Key words	measurement of the multiplier, Social Accounting Matrix, input-output model, development of agriculture
Abstrakt	Celem artykułu było zaprezentowanie przeglądu badań na temat pomiaru mnożnika w rozwoju rolnictwa. Na początku, na podstawie literatury przedmiotu, przedstawiono kilka wybranych wyników analiz oraz wnioski, jakie z nich wypływają. Następnie szerzej omówiono dwie metody. Pierwsza z nich to macierz rachunkowości społecznej (SAM), dzięki której można obliczyć wartości mnożników dla poszczególnych krajów. Natomiast druga omówiona metoda to model input-output (przepływów międzygałęziowych), do której zalicza się model IMPLAN. Metoda ta pozwala oszacować regionalne tabele przepływów międzygałęziowych, obliczyć mnożniki oraz dokonać analizy wpływu przemysłu. Zaprezentowane wyniki badań pozwalają stwierdzić, że w gospodarkach mniejszych, które są bardziej otwarte, wielkość mnożnika jest niższa niż w gospodarkach większych. Można również zauważyć, że wśród badaczy nie ma zgodności co do wielkości mnożników.
Abstract	The aim of this article was to present a review of research on measuring the multiplier in agricultural development. Firstly, based on the literature of the subject, several selected results of the analyses and the conclusions that emerge from this research are presented. Two methods are further discussed. The first is a social accounting matrix (SAM), which enables calculating the value of multipliers for each country. The second method discussed is the input-output model, which includes the IMPLAN model. This method allows estimating regional input-output tables, calculating multipliers, and analysing the impact of industry. The presented results indicate that in smaller and more open economies the value of the multiplier is lower than in larger economies. It can also be noted that among researchers there is no agreement concerning the size of the multiplier.
Cytowanie	Herda-Kopańska J. (2018) Pomiar mnożnika w rozwoju rolnictwa.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 1: 48-57
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n1_s48.pdf

Autor	Agnieszka Komor
Tytuł	Przestrzenne zróżnicowanie produkcji biomasy rolniczej pochodzenia roślinnego w państwach UE w kontekście rozwoju biogospodarki
Title	Spatial Diversification of Agricultural Biomass Production of Plant Origin in EU Countries in the Context of Bioeconomy Development
Słowa kluczowe	biomasa, biogospodarka, państwa Unii Europejskiej, zróżnicowanie przestrzenne
Key words	biomass, bioeconomy, Eropean Union countries, spatial diversity
Abstrakt	Celem artykułu była identyfikacja i ocena przestrzennego zróżnicowania produkcji biomasy rolniczej pochodzenia roślinnego w państwach UE, jako podstawowego surowca wykorzystywanego do wytwarzania bioproduktów oraz bioenergii. W opracowaniu wykorzystano dane statystyczne pozyskane z EUROSTATU. Okres badawczy obejmował 2015 rok. Do interpretacji badań zastosowano statystykę opisową i parametryczną, wykorzystano wskaźniki struktury, gęstości i natężenia, a także wskaźnik korelacji Pearsona. W toku badań stwierdzono, że w 2015 roku 51,5% wytwarzanej w UE biomasy roślinnej w rolnictwie to produkty uboczne - pochodzące z resztek roślin uprawnych, z roślin pastewnych i biomasy wypasanej. Produkcja biomasy roślinnej cechowała się znacznym zróżnicowaniem przestrzennym zarówno w odniesieniu do biomasy pochodzącej z roślin uprawnych (liderami w tym zakresie były kraje: Francja, Niemcy, Hiszpania, Włochy i Polska), jak i do pozostałej biomasy (największy udział miały: Niemcy, Francja, Polska, Wielka Brytania i Włochy). W 2015 roku na terenie siedmiu krajów (tj. Niemiec, Francji, Polski, Wielkiej Brytanii, Hiszpanii, Włoch i Rumunii) wyprodukowano łącznie blisko ¾ roślinnej biomasy wytwarzanej w UE. Analizom poddano również zależności pomiędzy wielkością produkcji biomasy, potencjałem ludnościowym kraju (mierzonym udziałem w liczbie ludności UE) i potencjałem produkcyjnym rolnictwa (mierzonym udziałem w powierzchni użytków rolnych w UE), co pozwoliło na wyznaczenie czterech grup państw.
Abstract	The aim of the article was to identify and assess the spatial diversity of agricultural biomass production of plant origin in EU countries as the basic raw material used to create bioproducts and bioenergy. The study uses statistical data obtained from EUROSTAT. The research period covered 2015. Descriptive and parametric statistics were used to interpret the study, and also the indicators of structure, density and intensity were used, as well as the Pearson correlation coefficient. The study found that in 2015 about 51,5% of plant biomass in agriculture produced in the EU were by-products - derived from crop residues, fodder crops and grazed biomass. The production of plant biomass was characterized by considerable spatial differentiation both in relation to biomass derived from arable crops (the leaders in this respect were: France, Germany, Spain, Italy and Poland) as well as to other biomass (Germany, France, Poland, Great Britain and Italy had the largest share). In 2015, nearly ¾ of the plant biomass produced in the EU was produced in seven countries (i.e. Germany, France, Poland, Great Britain, Spain, Italy and Romania). The analysis also included the dependences among the size of biomass production, the population potential of the country (measured by the share in the EU population) and the production potential of agriculture (measured in the share of agricultural land in the EU). This allowed the designation of four groups of countries.
Cytowanie	Komor A. (2018) Przestrzenne zróżnicowanie produkcji biomasy rolniczej pochodzenia roślinnego w państwach UE w kontekście rozwoju biogospodarki.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 1: 100-110
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n1_s100.pdf

Autor	Izabela Hasińska, Magdalena Kozera-Kowalska
Tytuł	Dzierżawa źródłem poprawy materialnych warunków produkcji trzody chlewnej w Polsce w kontekście doświadczeń państw UE
Title	Tenancy as a Source of Improvement the Material Conditions of Polish Pig Productionin in the Context of EU Countries’ Experiences
Słowa kluczowe	produkcja trzody chlewnej, warunki materialne produkcji, dzierżawa rolnicza
Key words	pig production, material conditions of production, agriculture tenancy
Abstrakt	Celem opracowania jest omówienie dzierżawy, jako alternatywnej drogi wykorzystania potencjału majątkowego sektora produkcji trzody chlewnej w Polsce. Tłem rozważań były zmiany zachodzące w sektorze trzodowym w okresie od 2010r. Realizując cel wykorzystano dostępne publikacje GUS, w tym dane Powszechnego Spisu Rolnego 2010, które analizowano poddając je dyskusji z opracowaniami innych autorów, w tym zagranicznych. Postawiono tezę, że zmniejszanie się stanu pogłowia i liczby utrzymujących je gospodarstw wpływa na „uwalnianie” potencjału produkcyjnego, który może zostać wykorzystany przez inne podmioty realizujące produkcję zgodną z wymaganiami środowiskowymi, dobrostanem zwierząt oraz przy akceptacji lokalnych społeczności.
Abstract	The aim of this study is to discuss tenancy as an alternative way to use the pig sector's property potential in Poland. The background The background of the considerations were changes occurring in the pig sector in the period from 2010. In order to achieve this objective, available CSO (GUS) publications, including Census General Agricultural Census 2010, were used, which were analysed by submitting discussions with the studies of other authors, including foreign ones. The thesis was also made that the decrease in both the number of livestock and the number of farms maintaining it influences the "release" of production potential, which can be used to develop production while maintaining environmental requirements, animal welfare and obtaining social acceptance.
Cytowanie	Hasińska I., Kozera-Kowalska M. (2018) Dzierżawa źródłem poprawy materialnych warunków produkcji trzody chlewnej w Polsce w kontekście doświadczeń państw UE.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 1: 121-129
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n1_s121.pdf

Autor	Mirosław Drygas, Iwona Nurzyńska
Tytuł	Uwarunkowania dyskusji nad kształtem Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej po 2020 roku
Title	Common Agricultural Policy Post 2020
Słowa kluczowe	Unia Europejska, Wspólna Polityka Rolna, płatności bezpośrednie, pierwszy i drugi filar WPR, reforma WPR
Key words	European Union, Common Agricultural Policy, direct payments, I and II pillar of the CAP, CAP reforms
Abstrakt	WPR UE, pomimo stałej, często ostrej, krytyki różnych środowisk, umożliwiała i nadal wspiera rozwój europejskiego rolnictwa i obszarów wiejskich. Aktualnie trwająca dyskusja nad jej kształtem po 2020 roku skłania do dokonania przeglądu stanowisk i wyrażenia własnych poglądów. W trwającej dyskusji od lat podnoszony jest pogląd o konieczności lepszego ukierunkowania WPR na skonkretyzowane cele dla uzyskania wyższej efektywności funduszy publicznych. Głównym celem opracowania jest dokonanie przeglądu ważniejszych wydarzeń, jakie miały miejsce w trakcie zainicjowanej w 2016 r. przez Komisję Europejską debaty, w tym sfinalizowanych konsultacji społecznych, na tle globalnych uwarunkowań politycznych, ekonomicznych, środowiskowych i technologicznych. Autorzy formułują hipotezę w następującym brzmieniu: Najbliższa reforma WPR choć przyniesie fundamentalne zmiany modelu wdrażania WPR, to jednak nie zapewni to jej znacznie silniejszego niż obecnie ukierunkowania na osiąganie zdefiniowanych i mierzalnych celów. Polityczny konsensus dotyczący wzmocnienia wsparcia na rzecz drobnych gospodarstw rolnych będzie kontynuowany kosztem ograniczenia wsparcia dla dużych operatorów. Oznacza to, że legitymizacja realizowanej polityki opierać się będzie głównie na społecznych i środowiskowych jej aspektach. Główną metodą badawczą jest przegląd i analiza obszernej literatury przedmiotu oraz dokumentów, analiz i ekspertyz.
Abstract	The CAP, despite strong criticisms from various expert cycles, enabled and still allows the development of European agriculture and rural areas. The current discussion about the CAP’s new architecture after 2020 stimulates a review of different positions and formulation of new views. For years, one of the key postulates has been better CAP targeting and a higher value for money. The objective of this publication is to present key developments that took place during this debate in the view of global political, economic, environmental and technological conditions. The authors formulated the following hypothesis: the coming CAP reform will bring about a fundamental change of the policy implementation model but the new CAP will not contribute to a stronger and measurable result-based orientation. The political consensus of supporting small farms will be continued at the expense of limiting support to the large farm operators. The main method used is online research, review of literature, and various analysis and documents.
Cytowanie	Drygas M., Nurzyńska I. (2018) Uwarunkowania dyskusji nad kształtem Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej po 2020 roku.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 2: 57-69
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n2_s57.pdf

Autor	Katarzyna Żmija
Tytuł	Determinanty i perspektywy prowadzenia działalności rolniczej w małych gospodarstwach rolnych z pozarolniczą działalnością gospodarczą
Title	Determinants and Prospects of Conducting Agricultural Activities in Small Farms with Non-Agricultural Activities
Słowa kluczowe	działalność pozarolnicza, pozarolnicza gospodarka wiejska, małe gospodarstwa rolne, rolnictwo
Key words	non-agricultural activities, non-farm rural economy, small farms, agriculture
Abstrakt	Celem opracowania jest identyfikacja czynników wynikających z prowadzenia działalności pozarolniczej w małych gospodarstwach rolnych oraz zbadanie ich wpływu na prowadzoną w nich rolniczą działalność produkcyjną. Poznanie tych prawidłowości umożliwi świadome stymulowanie ze strony państwa małych gospodarstw w celu rozwijania działalności pozarolniczej, która zapewni im dodatkowe, a często wiodące źródło dochodów. Zaprezentowano wyniki własnych badań ankietowych przeprowadzonych wśród osób posiadających małe gospodarstwa rolne, prowadzących równocześnie działalność rolniczą i pozarolniczą. Wyniki badań wykazały, iż w większości przypadków prowadzona działalność pozarolnicza pozwala na bardziej efektywne wykorzystanie zasobów gospodarstwa rolnego dzięki możliwości zastosowania ich również na potrzeby prowadzenia działalności pozarolniczej. Charakter wpływu działalności pozarolniczej na działalność rolniczą zależy jednak w dużym stopniu od jej rodzaju i stopnia powiązania z gospodarstwem rolnym.
Abstract	The aim of the study is to identify factors resulting from non-agricultural activities in small farms and to examine their impact on the agricultural production carried out in these farms. Understanding these processes will help the state develop a way to encourage these small farms to develop non-agricultural activities, which will provide them with an additional, and often primary, source of income. The results of the authors’ surveys conducted among farmers possessing small farms, conducting both agricultural and non-agricultural activities, are presented. The research results showed that in most cases, non-agricultural activities can allow farm resources to be used more efficiently. However, the nature of the impact of non-agricultural activities on agricultural activities depends on the type of activities, and on their level of connection with the agricultural holding.
Cytowanie	Żmija K. (2018) Determinanty i perspektywy prowadzenia działalności rolniczej w małych gospodarstwach rolnych z pozarolniczą działalnością gospodarczą.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 2: 342-352
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n2_s342.pdf

Autor	Ioana Comanescu, Tiberiu Foris, Diana Foris
Tytuł	TRENDS IN ROMANIAN AGRITOURISM IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Title
Słowa kluczowe	agritourism, agritourism infrastructure and accommodation capacity, tourist arrivals, sustainable development
Key words
Abstrakt	Agritourism plays an important role for sustainable development, acting as integrator for other economic sectors, like agriculture, transport, services, preserving the traditions and historical heritage. This study presents the analysis of the evolution of the agritourism infrastructure and of the main tourism indicators for Romania as agritourism travel destination, emphasizing the importance of this sector in the development of the tourism industry. Quantitative and comparative analyses were carried out regarding the total number and the existing accommodation capacity for tourist boarding houses and agritourist boarding houses and the numerical evolution for domestic arrivals and international arrivals throughout the period between 2006 and 2016. In conclusion, Romania is an important agritourism destination, well known at national and international level for its natural and anthropic resources in rural areas.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Comanescu I., Foris T., Foris D.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s81.pdf

Autor	Michal Borychowski
Tytuł	LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY IN THE LIQUID BIOFUELS SECTOR IN SELECTED EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES
Title
Słowa kluczowe	biofuels, production, turnover, job creation, labour productivity in the liquid biofuel sector
Key words
Abstrakt	The development of the liquid biofuels sector has been dynamic for more than 10 years, but from the very beginning of this process has been accompanied by a number of controversies as the production and use of liquid biofuels have both positive and negative effects. These consequences primary concern socio-economic and environmental areas. The most important economic benefits are connected with production, turnover and employment in the biofuels industry and the development of agriculture through higher demand on agricultural commodities. The aim of the paper was to quantify labour productivity in the liquid biofuels sector in European Union countries. It is hypothesized that highly developed countries (measured by GDP per capita) have higher labour productivity in the liquid biofuels industry than poorer European Union countries. The second hypothesis states that countries with high liquid biofuel production have higher labour productivity than other countries. The period under research covered the years 2009–2015. The data are mainly from Eurostat, EurObserv’ER consortium and World Bank. This research provides the general conclusion that a high level of economic development is not accompanied by high labour productivity (two types) in the liquid biofuels sector (there is no significant positive correlation). The same applies to the relation between biofuel production volume and labour productivity. The research proves that a high level of GDP per capita or the big scale of biofuel production (and use) is not a determinant of high labour productivity in this sector.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Borychowski M.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s116.pdf

Autor	Alicja Baranowska, Stanisław Kondracki, Daniel Rogoznicki
Tytuł	COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY AS A DETERMINANT OF TRANSFORMATION IN POLISH AGRICULTURE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	rural areas, Common Agricultural Policy, direct payments
Key words
Abstrakt	The impact assessment of the Common Agricultural Policy on transformation process of Polish agriculture following Poland’s accession to European Union has been carried out. The analysis took into account the changes of the Common Agricultural Policy in terms of goals and the directions of its evolution. In the paper the alterations in land, labour and capital resources of Polish agriculture were also analysed. It has been established that funds coming from the Community budget allowed Polish agriculture to adjust to the requirement of new environment. Integration into the European Union has created good conditions to dynamic development of the agri-food sector as a whole. Acceleration of the modernization and restructuring processes of Polish farms has taken place. These developments have resulted in a reduction in the total number of farms (by 52%) at the simultaneous rise in their average area (by 78%). Union financial measures have also influenced on generational renewal amongst farms managers. The funds considerably enhanced farmers’ incomes, which increased by 156%, thus promoting expenditure on investments. As a result the improvement of technical utilities of farms has been achieved. Consequently, labour productivity growth in Polish agriculture has also been recorded. A wide range of measures within the framework of the Common Agricultural Policy enables to overcome many obstacles of the rural areas in Poland. It also creates possibilities to take advantage of naturally occurring assets in order to effectively compete on the external market.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Baranowska A., Kondracki S., Rogoznicki D.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s168.pdf

Autor	Emmanuel Essel
Tytuł	IMPACT OF LAND CONFLICT ON AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION: A CASE STUDY OF THE ALAVANYOS AND NKONYAS OF GHANA
Title
Słowa kluczowe	impact, land conflict, agricultural production
Key words
Abstrakt	Conflict largely is and has always been part of all human endeavours, however one particular area where conflict has created problems has been land conflict where tribes owing to their beliefs and cultures feel that lands they occupy has been a heritage property that had been handed down from generation. Land remains an important natural capital for every nation and individuals, and because of this, it is not unusual that there is land conflict across the world, especially in developing nations like Ghana where a huge population depends on agriculture for their livelihood. A case of a protracted land conflict in Ghana is between the people of Nkonya. and Alavanyo. The objective of this paper was to access the impact of land conflict between the Nkonyans and Alavanyos of Ghana on agriculture production. It also professes some recommendations. The paper was conducted as a desk study and the author relied mainly on secondary data.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Essel E.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s182.pdf

Autor	Mieczyslaw Adamowicz
Tytuł	EUROPEAN FUNDS FOR RURAL AREAS VERSUS REGIONAL CONVERGENCE OF AGRICULTURE IN POLAND
Title
Słowa kluczowe	convergence, rural areas, European Funds
Key words
Abstrakt	The objective of the work is the assessment of the phenomenon of convergence of agriculture in the provinces/ voivodeship (NUTS 2) in Poland in the years 2003–2014 in relation to the use of European funds designated for development of agriculture and rural areas. The study specified dimensions of support under the European Funds granted for agriculture and rural areas in individual regions, which were compared to the size of gross added value of agriculture, forestry, hunting and fishery. Within the analysis, data of the Agency for the Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture as well as The Local Data Bank of Central Statistical Office were used. Data regarding productivity of agriculture and other rural sectors in the regions as well as data on the used resources from the European funds were availed of in the assessment of the correlation between these expectations and the phenomena of sigma-convergence and beta-convergence in the regional system. The conducted analysis confirmed the occurrence of a phenomenon of convergence in the tested scope.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Adamowicz M.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s212.pdf

Autor	Rafal Balina, Piotr Chrzanowski, Slawomir Juszczyk
Tytuł	THE IMPORTANCE OF CREDITS FOR AGRICULTURE IN GENERATING NET PROFIT OF COOPERATIVE BANKS IN 2015–2017
Title
Słowa kluczowe	credits granted to individual farmers, preferential credits for agriculture, net profit, cooperative banks
Key words
Abstrakt	The aim of the research was to determine whether and to what extent credits for agriculture, that is credits granted to individual farmers and preferential credit for agriculture, affected the level of net profit of cooperative banks in Poland in 2015–2017. Among others, it was established that credits granted to individual farmers are important for generating net profit for both small, medium and large cooperative banks. However, the values of the regression coefficient for this variable were low, with a slight increasing tendency. The variable, however, defining preferential credits for agriculture appeared only in two out of nine models constructed and with a negative sign. This concerned small and medium-sized cooperative banks. For large cooperative banks, preferential credit for agriculture were not of key importance in generating net profit. One can conclude that preferential credit does not bring financial benefits to cooperative banks. It is necessary to make financial revenues reliable, taking into account the costs of servicing preferential credits.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Balina R., Chrzanowski P., Juszczyk S.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s297.pdf

Autor	Pavlina Fugelo, Svitlana Savitska
Tytuł	ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF INVESTMENT ACTIVITY OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES IN THE UKRAINE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	investment, investment activity, agricultural enterprises
Key words
Abstrakt	The article specifies that intensive development of the economy can be achieved by attracting and effectively using investment resources. Based on the indicator of the level of investment sufficiency, it was established that, in the period under review, the level of investment adequacy in the country is less than the established ‘threshold’ value, which indicates a shortage of investment funds. The study analysed the dynamics of investment attraction in agriculture. It was found that the main source of financing for investment is own funds of enterprises and organizations. However, they are too insufficient to ensure the intensive development of the economy. An analysis of growth dynamics of the total volume of investment in agricultural enterprises per 100 ha of agricultural land and their financial provision was carried out. Research showed that the increase in the value of fixed assets is more intensive than the increase in the inflow of investment in fixed assets, which indicates additional sources of growth in the value of fixed assets. It was noted that the potential sources of investment resources should be the funds of foreign investors, which currently stand at an extremely low growth level. A number of negative factors influencing the process of attracting foreign direct investment were identified. The main current requirements of the Ukraine in the process of integration into the world economic space, is the formation of a mechanism of investment activity, an important component of which is the mechanism of investment provision.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Fugelo P., Savitska S.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s303.pdf

Autor	Andriy Popovych
Tytuł	CROSS BORDER LISTING AS MEANS OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISE FINANCING
Title
Słowa kluczowe	agriculture holding, international IPO, ARIMA model
Key words
Abstrakt	The international shares placement via IPO on the WSE by several Ukrainian companies, mainly from the sector of agricultural production and processing, makes an appealing case of relatively quick and inexpensive access to foreign borrowing markets. The WIG Ukraine index shows optimistic start, period of positive gains, dramatic fall at one point and significant volatility afterwards due to both the political and macroeconomic upheavals in the home country as well as internal problems of emitents. The comparison with other indexes of WSE and other exchanges reasonably suggests that the latter reason was the main cause of the deterioration of the indicator. The investigation on the parameters of the regression model that describe time series of WIG-Ukraine index with the help of the ARIMA model reveals that short-time predictions dominate investors decisions.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Popovych A.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s309.pdf

Autor	Arleta Kedra, Lyubov Klapkiv
Tytuł	RELATION BETWEEN SELECTED WEATHER FACTORS AND INSURANCE INDEMNITY IN UKRAINIAN AGRICULTURE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	insurance indemnity, weather variables, agriculture
Key words
Abstrakt	The present paper is devoted to examining if weather variables have a significant impact on the level of indemnity in examined agriculture insurances, i.e. insurance of winter crops. The authors will determine whether indicators as excessive rainfall and extreme temperatures (especially frost) contribute to crucial increase of insurance indemnity. According to currently existing theories, weather changes have vital consequences both for farmers and for insurers as they take over the risk. The goal of the present paper is to analyse strength and direction of correlation between weather variables and insurance indemnity in case of winter plants to state whether these influence amounts of money paid to farmers for their crops’ losses.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Kedra A., Klapkiv L.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s358.pdf

Autor	Malgorzata Kołodziejczak
Tytuł	USE OF AGRICULTURAL SERVICES IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES
Title
Słowa kluczowe	agricultural services, European Union
Key words
Abstrakt	The purpose of this paper is to assess the use of agricultural services in European Union countries in the context of selected features of agriculture. The Ward’s Method was used to isolate six typological clusters of European Union countries. It may be noticed that clusters with a high levels of fixed capital consumption and total intermediate consumption are characterized by a higher use of services than other clusters. The absence of a noticeable relation between the share of crop output in the structure of agricultural output, or between the labour input and the use of agricultural services can be explained by differences in natural conditions, traditional farming models and preferences in choosing between developing the farm’s own machinery or using services.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Kołodziejczak M.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s364.pdf

Autor	Irina Pilvere, Aleksandra Rizojewa-Silava, Sandija Zeverte-Rivza
Tytuł	AGRICULTURE MODELLING IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Title
Słowa kluczowe	agriculture, simulation, models, system
Key words
Abstrakt	Agriculture is an important sector of the national economy. Modelling in agriculture is extensively used to evaluate and simulate the development of this industry. There are two main purposes for the development of agricultural models: to develop a scientific understanding of a particular system and obtain information in order to justify agricultural policy decisions and predict their implications. The purpose of this study is to analyse the models used in agriculture in the European Union (EU). To reach these purposes, the following research tasks were set: (1) to analyse the theoretical aspects of simulation modelling; (2) to explore the key agricultural simulation models employed in the EU. The research found that simulation modelling is often used in agriculture by policy makers. There are eight key models of different complexity which are being used to predict the development of the agricultural sector in the EU.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Pilvere I., Rizojewa-Silava A., Zeverte-Rivza S.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s45.pdf

Autor	Ilir Kapaj, Maksim Meco, Ilir Tomorri
Tytuł	THE FARM TYPOLOGIES AND ITS PERFORMANCE IN ALBANIA (CASE OF ELBASAN)
Title
Słowa kluczowe	Elbasani region, farm typology, farm performance
Key words
Abstrakt	The aim of this paper is to determine the farm typology in Elbasan region and orient policy maker’s agriculture support scheme. Albania is divided into 12 regions and 61 municipality. Region of Elbasan is one of the intermediate ones4 and consists of 4 districts (district of Elbasan, Gramsh, Librazhd and Peqin). Elbasan ranked third by the availability of agricultural land in the country after Fier and Korca (72,872 ha or 10.4% of the agricultural land area at country level). Despite the size of the agricultural land area, it should be considered that a good part of it lies in hilly and mountainous part especially in Librazhd and Gramsh districts. Besides construction and development services, there is observed a growing trend of agricultural activity especially in terms of olive and vegetables cultivation in open field and greenhouses. In this region operate about 32,439 farms. The average farm family size is 4.9 persons, while the national average farm size is 4.5 persons (MAFCP, 2012). The farm typology was determined using nine indicators. Based on these indicators are identified the following type of cluster/typology for Elbasani district: poly-culture for market; livestock; leisure farms; fruit trees; arable crop farm; self-sufficiency. The farm performance was determined using factors productivity which reveals that farms that belong to the poly-culture for market, livestock and self-sufficient clusters are performing better than other clusters.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Kapaj I., Meco M., Tomorri I.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s59.pdf

Autor	Zuzanna Szymaniuk
Tytuł	THE PHENOMENON OF LAND ABANDONMENT IN THE OPINIONS OF AGRICULTURAL ADVISERS (EXAMPLE OF PODLASKIE VOIVODESHIP)
Title
Słowa kluczowe	land abandonment, land use, agriculture, Podlaskie Voivodeship
Key words
Abstrakt	The phenomenon of abandoning agricultural land is the same as discontinuing the agricultural use of certain agricultural land, the causes of which should be sought in environmental, economic and social factors. In the Podlaskie Voivodeship, agriculture plays a key role in economic life due to the significant number of lands classified as agricultural and century-old tradition of agriculture. The research assessed the existence of threats that could cause the problem of abandonment of agricultural land in the region and indicated the complexity of the land abandonment phenomenon. The study is based on opinions of advisers from the regional Agricultural Extension Service Centre. The results indicated that the process of ceasing to use agricultural land is the result of many factors that mutually influence and strengthen each other.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Szymaniuk Z.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s95.pdf

Autor	Tomasz Tekień
Tytuł	Implementacja procedury analitycznej hierarchizacji (AHP) do określenia rankingu pilności scaleń gruntów rolnych na przykładzie gminy Jasionówka
Title	IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP) FOR DEFINING THE RANKING OF URGENCY OF LAND CONSOLIDATION BASED ON THE JASIONÓWKA COMMUNE
Słowa kluczowe	scalenie gruntów, rolnictwo, AHP
Key words	land consolidation, agriculture, AHP
Abstrakt	Artykuł podejmuje problem merytorycznego wsparcia w procesie zapobieżenia powstawaniu wadliwej struktury obszarowej gospodarstw rolnych. Zachodzące w ciągu dziesięcioleci zmiany struktury obszarowej i własnościowej gruntów użytkowanych rolniczo, spowodowały ich nadmierne rozdrobnienie, które utrudnia prawidłowe i wydajne gospodarowanie. Na przykładzie gminy Jasionówka (woj. podlaskie, powiat moniecki), zaproponowano wykorzystanie procedury analitycznej hierarchizacji (AHP) jako możliwości ustalenia kolejności przeprowadzenia scaleń w poszczególnych obrębach ewidencyjnych badanej gminy. Pozwala to na racjonalne wykorzystanie ograniczonych środków finansowych przy realizacji kosztownych prac scalenia i wymiany gruntów.
Abstract	The paper examines the issue of scientific support to prevent the faulty structures of farms under the consolidation process. Taking place over decades, changes in the structure and ownership of land utilized for agricultural purposes, resulted in excessive disaggregation, which obstructs proper and efficient management. The author, using an example of the Jasionówka commune (province Podlaskie, district Monki), proposes the use of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) as an opportunity to determine the proper order to carry out consolidation in the respective cadastral district. This allows for a rational use of limited financial resources when carrying out costly consolidation and an exchange of agricultural plots. The analysis was performed taking into account the relevant factors characterizing the area.
Cytowanie	Tekień T. (2018) Implementacja procedury analitycznej hierarchizacji (AHP) do określenia rankingu pilności scaleń gruntów rolnych na przykładzie gminy Jasionówka .Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich, t. 105, z. 1: 68-80
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2018_n1_s68.pdf

Autor	Somaya Aboelnaga
Tytuł	The Necessary Modification of the Regional Development Methods Regarding to Climate Change Along the Nile River
Title	The Necessary Modification of the Regional Development Methods Regarding to Climate Change Along the Nile River
Słowa kluczowe	climate change, regional development, integrated development, process, water management
Key words	climate change, regional development, integrated development, process, water management
Abstrakt	Climate change adds extra stress on the current global situations and the regional development plans. Despite, Africa being rated the least among the continents contributing to the atmospheric pollution, it continues to be responsible for the least global emissions (estimated at 4%). Although they contributed to anthropogenic emission slightly, African continent is one of the highly vulnerable to impacts of long-term climate variability and extreme weather events, especially on the Nile. Moreover, developing countries are the most vulnerable to climate change impacts because they have fewer resources to adapt: socially, technologically and financially. Therefore, this paper is seeking to find and modify the regional development process in the frame of climate change along the Nile river. By considering some examples to accelerate the development process and methods in the Nile’s valley regions. Strongly related to the climate change impacts on different sectors and activities such agriculture, industry, energy, and the water supply and demand as well.
Abstract	Climate change adds extra stress on the current global situations and the regional development plans. Despite, Africa being rated the least among the continents contributing to the atmospheric pollution, it continues to be responsible for the least global emissions (estimated at 4%). Although they contributed to anthropogenic emission slightly, African continent is one of the highly vulnerable to impacts of long-term climate variability and extreme weather events, especially on the Nile. Moreover, developing countries are the most vulnerable to climate change impacts because they have fewer resources to adapt: socially, technologically and financially. Therefore, this paper is seeking to find and modify the regional development process in the frame of climate change along the Nile river. By considering some examples to accelerate the development process and methods in the Nile’s valley regions. Strongly related to the climate change impacts on different sectors and activities such agriculture, industry, energy, and the water supply and demand as well.
Cytowanie	Aboelnaga S. (2018) The Necessary Modification of the Regional Development Methods Regarding to Climate Change Along the Nile River.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 4: 69-79
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n4_s69.pdf