1. |
Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing, 2022 |
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Cyburt A. Samodzielność finansowa małych gmin województwa lubelskiego i jej znaczenie dla ich stabilności finansowej
Autor | Agnieszka Cyburt |
Tytuł | Samodzielność finansowa małych gmin województwa lubelskiego i jej znaczenie dla ich stabilności finansowej |
Title | FINANCIAL INDEPENDENCE OF SMALL COMMUNES IN POLAND’S LUBELSKIE VOIVODESHIP: IMPORTANCE FOR FINANCIAL STABILITY |
Słowa kluczowe | samodzielność finansowa, stabilność finansowa, analiza wskaźnikowa, jednostka samorządu terytorialnego |
Key words | financial independence, financial stability, ratio analysis, local government unit |
Abstrakt | Celem opracowania było ustalenie poziomu samodzielności finansowej 81 małych gmin województwa lubelskiego (do 5 tys. mieszkańców) oraz ocena jej znaczenia dla stabilności finansowej tych jednostek. Zastosowano następujące metody: analizę piśmiennictwa, analizę wskaźnikową oraz sondaż diagnostyczny. Do analizy przyjęto dane finansowe z lat 2017-2021. W badaniu ankietowym przeprowadzonym wśród zarządzających małymi gminami wzięło udział 69 wójtów. Ustalono, że w opinii włodarzy potencjał dochodowy i samodzielność finansowa stanowią ważny czynnik wpływający na stabilność finansową małych gmin, a ich niski poziom stanowi zagrożenie dla wspomnianej stabilności. Wykorzystano trzy wskaźniki służące ocenie samodzielności finansowej. Z przeprowadzonych analiz wynika, że małe gminy charakteryzował niski poziom samodzielności dochodowej i duże uzależnienie od dochodów transferowych przekazywanych z budżetu państwa, co widoczne jest w osiągniętej wartości wskaźnika samodzielności wydatkowej. |
Abstract | The aim of the study was to determine the level of financial independence of 81 small communes of Poland’s Lubelskie Voivodship (up to 5,000 inhabitants per commune) and to assess its significance for their financial stability. The following methods were used: literature analysis, ratio analysis and diagnostic survey. Financial data from 2017-2021 was adopted for the analysis. 69 heads of communes participated in the conducted survey. It was established that in the opinionof these leaders, income potential and financial independence are important factors affecting the financial stability of small communes, and their low level poses a threat to this stability. Three ratios were used to assess financial independence. The analyses showed that small communes were characterized by a low level of income independence and a high dependence on revenues transferred from the state budget, which is evident in the value of the expenditure independenceratio achieved. |
Cytowanie | Cyburt A. (2022) Samodzielność finansowa małych gmin województwa lubelskiego i jej znaczenie dla ich stabilności finansowej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 27(76): 5-17 |
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Pełny tekst | PEFIM_2022_n76_s5.pdf |
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2. |
Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing, 2022 |
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Gałecka A., Ganc M. Stabilność finansowa gmin wiejskich województwa lubelskiego w latach 2016-2020
Autor | Agnieszka Gałecka, Marzena Ganc |
Tytuł | Stabilność finansowa gmin wiejskich województwa lubelskiego w latach 2016-2020 |
Title | FINANCIAL STABILITY OF RURAL MUNICIPALITIES IN POLAND’S LUBLIN VOIVODESHIP IN 2016-2020 |
Słowa kluczowe | stabilność finansowa, gminy wiejskie, analiza wskaźnikowa, płynność finansowa |
Key words | financial stability, rural municipalities, ratio analysis, financial liquidity |
Abstrakt | Stabilność usług publicznych oraz sytuacja finansowa samorządów lokalnych ma istotny wpływ na rozwój gospodarczy kraju, jak również trwający od lat proces reform politycznych zmierzających do promowania wydajności jednostek sektora publicznego, ich zrównoważonych budżetów oraz stabilności finansowej. Jest to pojęcie różnie definiowane, co wynika m.in. z jego wieloaspektowości oraz braku precyzyjnie określonych miar do oceny tego zjawiska.Celem głównym pracy była ocena stabilności finansowej gmin wiejskich województwa lubelskiego w latach 2016-2020. W ramach celu głównego przeprowadzono analizę wskaźnikową oraz badania ankietowe. Artykuł powstał w oparciu o studia literatury przedmiotu, sprawozdania z wykonania budżetów badanych gmin publikowane przez Regionalną Izbę Obrachunkową w Lublinie oraz kwestionariusz ankiety.Na podstawie przeprowadzonych analiz stwierdzono że badane gminy w latach 2016-2020 odnotowały trwałość w zakresie polityki fiskalnej, stabilny poziom płynności finansowej i zadłużenia, aczkolwiek stosunkowo niski poziom samodzielności dochodowej. Kryzys w 2020 roku wywołany pandemią Covid-19 spowodował znaczny wzrost wydatków bieżących jednostek samorządu terytorialnego w porównaniu do dochodów, które były mniejsze niż planowano, aczkolwiek nie wpłynął na znaczne pogorszenie wyników finansowych badanych gmin. W opinii ankietowanych (wójtów) zdecydowana większość gmin wiejskich województwa lubelskiego była stabilna finansowo a pandemia Covid-19 na ogół nie miała istotnego wpływu na jej poziom. |
Abstract | The stability of public services and the financial situation of local governments has a significant impact on a nation’s economic development. It also affects the long-standing process of political reforms aimed at promoting the efficiency of public sector units, their balanced budgets and financial stability. It is a concept defined in different ways, which is due, among other things, to its multifaceted nature and the lack of precisely defined measures to assess this phenomenon.The main objective of the paper was to assess the financial stability of rural municipalities in Poland’s Lublin voivodeship in 2016-2020. Within the framework of the main objective, ratio analysis and survey research was conducted. The paper was based on the study of literature on the subject, reports on the implementation of budgets in the studied municipalities published by the Regional Chamber of Accounts in Lublin, and a survey questionnaire.Based on the analyses, it was found that the studied municipalities in 2016-2020 recorded sustainability in terms of fiscal policy, and a stable level of financial liquidity and debt, albeit with a relatively low level of revenue independence. The crisis in 2020 caused by the Covid-19 pandemic caused a significant increase in the current expenditures of local government units compared to revenues, which were less than planned, although it did not significantly worsen thefinancial performance of the surveyed municipalities. In the opinion of the respondents (heads of rural municipalities), the vast majority of rural municipalities in the Lublin voivodeship were financially stable and the Covid-19 pandemic generally did not have a significant impact on theirlevels of stability. |
Cytowanie | Gałecka A., Ganc M. (2022) Stabilność finansowa gmin wiejskich województwa lubelskiego w latach 2016-2020.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 27(76): 18-29 |
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Pełny tekst | PEFIM_2022_n76_s18.pdf |
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3. |
Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing, 2022 |
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Podstawka M. Inflacja a koszty produkcji wybranych produktów rolniczych w 2022 roku
Autor | Marian Podstawka |
Tytuł | Inflacja a koszty produkcji wybranych produktów rolniczych w 2022 roku |
Title | INFLATION AND PRODUCTION COSTS OF SELECTED AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN POLAND IN 2022 |
Słowa kluczowe | produkcja rolna, inflacja, cena, prognoza |
Key words | agricultural production, inflation, price, forecast |
Abstrakt | Celem opracowania było przedstawienie działań podejmowanych, w ostatnich latach, przez państwowe władze publiczne wpływających na inflację w Polsce. Na tym tle dokonano oceny wzrostu cen na rolnicze kupowane środki produkcji, które skorelowano ze strukturą kosztów i na tej podstawie oszacowany został wzrost kosztów produkcji podstawowych produktów rolniczych w 2022 roku. Następnie ten prognozowany wzrost kosztów produkcji odniesiono do szacowanych przychodów. Pozwoliło to ustalić ich wzrost, który umożliwiałby utrzymanie dotychczasowego poziomu dochodów rolniczych. Działania ratunkowe rządu wywołane przez COVID-19 miały trzy główne źródła finansowania:• wydatki budżetu państwa i budżetu środków europejskich – 23,2 mld zł,• Fundusz Przeciwdziałania COVID-19 – 92,7 mld zł,• tarcze finansowe Polskiego Funduszu Rozwoju – 63,5 mld zł,O ile działania interwencyjne rządu, w warunkach kryzysu, należy ocenić pozytywnie, to ich sposoby realizacji krytycznie. Wsparcie finansowe w ramach tarcz otrzymały firmy, które wykazywały spadek obrotów spowodowany pandemią koronawirusa. W efekcie wspierano te firmy, które być może celowo tworzyły warunki do otrzymania wsparcia. Firmy dobrze prosperujące w warunkach COVID-19 takiego wsparcia były natomiast pozbawione.We wszystkich analizowanych rodzajach działalności produkcji rolniczej roślinnej w 2022 roku nastąpi wzrost kosztów ich wytwarzania o około 50-60% Wyjątkiem będzie produkcja żyta, gdzie wzrost kosztów będzie jeszcze wyższy. |
Abstract | The aim of the paper is to present measures taken in recent years by state public authoritiesthat affect inflation in Poland. An assessment was made of the growth in prices for purchasedagricultural inputs, which was correlated with cost structures, and on this basis an increase in theproduction costs of basic agricultural products in 2022 was estimated. This projected increase inproduction costs was then related to estimated income. This made it possible to determine theirgrowth, which would allow the current level of agricultural income to be maintained. Thegovernment rescue measures triggered by COVID-19 had three main sources of funding:expenditure of the state budget and the budget of European funds - PLN 23.2 billion, COVID-19Counteracting Fund - PLN 92.7 billion, and financial shields of the Polish Development Fund -PLN 63.5 billion,While the government's intervention activities, under the conditions of the crisis, should beassessed positively, their methods of implementation should be assessed critically. Financialsupport under the shields was given to companies that showed a decline in turnover caused by thecoronavirus pandemic. As a result, those companies that may have deliberately created theconditions to receive support were supported. In all analyzed types of agricultural crop productionactivities in 2022, there will be an increase in the cost of their production by about 50-60%. Theexception will be the production of rye, where the cost increase will be even higher. |
Cytowanie | Podstawka M. (2022) Inflacja a koszty produkcji wybranych produktów rolniczych w 2022 roku.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 27(76): 89-98 |
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Pełny tekst | PEFIM_2022_n76_s89.pdf |
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Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, 2021 |
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Hussayn J., Obi-Egbedi O., Oluwatayo I. Trade Liberalization Policy and Competitiveness of Cocoa Beans Exports in Nigeria (1961-2017)
Autor | Jamiu Hussayn, Ogheneruemu Obi-Egbedi, Isaac Oluwatayo |
Tytuł | Trade Liberalization Policy and Competitiveness of Cocoa Beans Exports in Nigeria (1961-2017) |
Title | Trade Liberalization Policy and Competitiveness of Cocoa Beans Exports in Nigeria (1961-2017) |
Słowa kluczowe | cocoa, competitiveness, market share, trade liberalization policy and vector error correction model |
Key words | cocoa, competitiveness, market share, trade liberalization policy and vector error correction model |
Abstrakt | The cocoa sector in Nigeria has experienced decline in production, yield, exports coupled with its inability to attain global standards and targets and, gradual loss of competitiveness at the world market. Trade liberalization was government’s panacea to the sector’s problem although, cocoa competitiveness remains an issue since liberalization. Therefore, the relationship between trade liberalization policy and competitiveness of Nigeria’s cocoa exports was examined in this study using data for the period 1961-2017. Cocoa market share was used to measure competitiveness while analytical tools employed were: ADF test, Johansen co-integration test and the vector error correction model (VECM). Market share, quantity of cocoa export and inflation rate were stationary at original level while others, at first difference. The co-integration test showed seven co-integrating equations. Trade liberalization policy was found to be an important driver of competitiveness. In addition, area harvested, production quantity and export quantity positively influenced competitiveness while world price of cocoa, interest rate on agricultural loans, exchange rate and trade liberalization influenced negatively. Therefore, appropriate trade policy formulation and implementation is recommended while, specific attention should be paid to monetary policies and cocoa production by the government. |
Abstract | The cocoa sector in Nigeria has experienced decline in production, yield, exports coupled with its inability to attain global standards and targets and, gradual loss of competitiveness at the world market. Trade liberalization was government’s panacea to the sector’s problem although, cocoa competitiveness remains an issue since liberalization. Therefore, the relationship between trade liberalization policy and competitiveness of Nigeria’s cocoa exports was examined in this study using data for the period 1961-2017. Cocoa market share was used to measure competitiveness while analytical tools employed were: ADF test, Johansen co-integration test and the vector error correction model (VECM). Market share, quantity of cocoa export and inflation rate were stationary at original level while others, at first difference. The co-integration test showed seven co-integrating equations. Trade liberalization policy was found to be an important driver of competitiveness. In addition, area harvested, production quantity and export quantity positively influenced competitiveness while world price of cocoa, interest rate on agricultural loans, exchange rate and trade liberalization influenced negatively. Therefore, appropriate trade policy formulation and implementation is recommended while, specific attention should be paid to monetary policies and cocoa production by the government. |
Cytowanie | Hussayn J., Obi-Egbedi O., Oluwatayo I. (2021) Trade Liberalization Policy and Competitiveness of Cocoa Beans Exports in Nigeria (1961-2017).Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 21(36), z. 1: 4-15 |
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Pełny tekst | PRS_2021_T21(36)_n1_s4.pdf |
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Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, 2021 |
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Oladele O., Yakubu D. Determinants of Use of Climate Change Adaptation Practices by Rice Farmers in Kebbi State, North-West Nigeria
Autor | Oladimeji Oladele, Danlami Yakubu |
Tytuł | Determinants of Use of Climate Change Adaptation Practices by Rice Farmers in Kebbi State, North-West Nigeria |
Title | Determinants of Use of Climate Change Adaptation Practices by Rice Farmers in Kebbi State, North-West Nigeria |
Słowa kluczowe | climate change, smallholder farmers, Nigeria, climate adaptation, adoption, livelihoods |
Key words | climate change, smallholder farmers, Nigeria, climate adaptation, adoption, livelihoods |
Abstrakt | Rice productivity and sustainability are threatened by both biotic and abiotic stresses, the effects of which can be further aggravated by dramatic changes in global climate. The most viable option for rice farmers is to use climate change adaptation practices. This study therefore investigated the determinants of use of climate change adaptation practices among rice farmers in Kebbi State, North-West, Nigeria. Data were collected from a sample of 279 farmers selected using a multistage sampling procedure. The results of the data analysis revealed that the farmers used improved rice varieties, intercropping, recommended rates of fertilizers and other chemicals as climate change adaptation practices among others. Education, climate change awareness, and extension contact significantly influenced the use of climate change adaptation practices among the farmers. Other determinants of use of climate change adaptation practices among the farmers were years of cooperative membership, affordability, farming experience, weather information and farm size. It was concluded that use of climate change adaptation practices was determined by socioeconomic, institutional and technological characteristics. It is recommended among others that government policy should be geared towards encouraging the farmers especially the younger ones to acquire more formal education, larger farmlands and more climate change awareness. |
Abstract | Rice productivity and sustainability are threatened by both biotic and abiotic stresses, the effects of which can be further aggravated by dramatic changes in global climate. The most viable option for rice farmers is to use climate change adaptation practices. This study therefore investigated the determinants of use of climate change adaptation practices among rice farmers in Kebbi State, North-West, Nigeria. Data were collected from a sample of 279 farmers selected using a multistage sampling procedure. The results of the data analysis revealed that the farmers used improved rice varieties, intercropping, recommended rates of fertilizers and other chemicals as climate change adaptation practices among others. Education, climate change awareness, and extension contact significantly influenced the use of climate change adaptation practices among the farmers. Other determinants of use of climate change adaptation practices among the farmers were years of cooperative membership, affordability, farming experience, weather information and farm size. It was concluded that use of climate change adaptation practices was determined by socioeconomic, institutional and technological characteristics. It is recommended among others that government policy should be geared towards encouraging the farmers especially the younger ones to acquire more formal education, larger farmlands and more climate change awareness. |
Cytowanie | Oladele O., Yakubu D. (2021) Determinants of Use of Climate Change Adaptation Practices by Rice Farmers in Kebbi State, North-West Nigeria.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 21(36), z. 1: 52-69 |
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Pełny tekst | PRS_2021_T21(36)_n1_s52.pdf |
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Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, 2021 |
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Michael A., Mshelia S., Onu J., Upev S. Poverty and its Alleviating Strategies among Rural Farming Households in Benue State, Nigeria
Autor | Amurtiya Michael, Shuaibu Mshelia, Justice Onu, Samuel Upev |
Tytuł | Poverty and its Alleviating Strategies among Rural Farming Households in Benue State, Nigeria |
Title | Poverty and its Alleviating Strategies among Rural Farming Households in Benue State, Nigeria |
Słowa kluczowe | poverty, alleviating strategies, rural, farming household, Nigeria |
Key words | poverty, alleviating strategies, rural, farming household, Nigeria |
Abstrakt | The study analysed rural farming households’ poverty status and alleviating strategies in Benue State, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study were to: describes the rural household heads’ socio-economic characteristics; determine the poverty status of the respondents and its determinants; and identify poverty alleviating strategies of the respondents. Data for the study was collected from 420 respondents selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke poverty measurement index, and the Binary Logistic regression model. The findings of the study revealed a very high incidence of poverty (70%), having a gap of 0.34, and severity of 0.17. Poverty in the area is positively associated with the age of the household head and household size, while gender, educational level, off-farm activity, membership of a group, farm size, and land ownership are negatively associated with poverty. The common poverty alleviation strategies identified were agricultural wage labour (48.6%), rental services (45.0%), and transportation business (36.7%). Therefore, it was recommended that the government and other stakeholders should initiate sustainable social protection schemes that can assist rural residents in alleviating poverty until their condition improves. |
Abstract | The study analysed rural farming households’ poverty status and alleviating strategies in Benue State, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study were to: describes the rural household heads’ socio-economic characteristics; determine the poverty status of the respondents and its determinants; and identify poverty alleviating strategies of the respondents. Data for the study was collected from 420 respondents selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke poverty measurement index, and the Binary Logistic regression model. The findings of the study revealed a very high incidence of poverty (70%), having a gap of 0.34, and severity of 0.17. Poverty in the area is positively associated with the age of the household head and household size, while gender, educational level, off-farm activity, membership of a group, farm size, and land ownership are negatively associated with poverty. The common poverty alleviation strategies identified were agricultural wage labour (48.6%), rental services (45.0%), and transportation business (36.7%). Therefore, it was recommended that the government and other stakeholders should initiate sustainable social protection schemes that can assist rural residents in alleviating poverty until their condition improves. |
Cytowanie | Michael A., Mshelia S., Onu J., Upev S. (2021) Poverty and its Alleviating Strategies among Rural Farming Households in Benue State, Nigeria.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 21(36), z. 2: 33-44 |
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Pełny tekst | PRS_2021_T21(36)_n2_s33.pdf |
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Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, 2021 |
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Malkanthi S. Outlook of Present Organic Agriculture Policies and Future Needs in Sri Lanka
Autor | S.H. Pushpa Malkanthi |
Tytuł | Outlook of Present Organic Agriculture Policies and Future Needs in Sri Lanka |
Title | Outlook of Present Organic Agriculture Policies and Future Needs in Sri Lanka |
Słowa kluczowe | conventional agriculture, organic agriculture, organic farming policies, Sri Lanka |
Key words | conventional agriculture, organic agriculture, organic farming policies, Sri Lanka |
Abstrakt | Many countries are formulating organic agriculture or organic farming policies aimed at sustainable agricultural development. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: to understand the present situation of organic agriculture policies in Sri Lanka and also in other countries where successful organic agriculture is operating; identify problems in the organic agriculture sector; and suggest potential policy measures to be implemented in Sri Lanka in future. The research was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, a thorough literature review was conducted to study the suitable policies available in other countries and also in Sri Lanka at present. In the second stage, two field surveys were carried out using pre-tested questionnaires, from December 2019 to May 2020, in order to gather farmers’ and extension officers’ information related to organic farming policy suggestions. According to the findings of the literature review, organic systems in some countries are more integrated with national strategic plans and visions. Those governments are more involved in new initiatives and farmers are encouraged to go organic through reliable and feasible policies. Although Sri Lanka has a high potential for organic agriculture, at present it is at an initial stage. While most organic products in Sri Lanka go to the export market, a small portion is kept at local markets. Demand for organic products in export as well as domestic markets is increasing. Even though there are seven international food certification agencies operating in the country as external inspection and certification bodies, a limited number of accredited certifications exist for products on the domestic market. Results of the farmers’ survey showed that even if farmers have a significant level of knowledge, few of them practice organic farming due to several existing problems. Moreover, extension officers have also identified similar types of problems that are faced by the farmers related to organic farming. Evaluation of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) related to organic agriculture in the country helped to identify key problems facing policy-makers when balancing the supply and demand sides of organic products. Also, in developing organic agriculture, an effective linkage and coordination among government and private participants is crucial. Therefore, in Sri Lanka in this context, strategic focus on policy support for organic agriculture is needed. Current organic farming programs need to be revised in order to formulate policies covering all areas related to production, handling, processing, certification, labeling and marketing, in order to bring the benefits of organic agriculture to farmers, marketers and consumers in a fair manner. |
Abstract | Many countries are formulating organic agriculture or organic farming policies aimed at sustainable agricultural development. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: to understand the present situation of organic agriculture policies in Sri Lanka and also in other countries where successful organic agriculture is operating; identify problems in the organic agriculture sector; and suggest potential policy measures to be implemented in Sri Lanka in future. The research was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, a thorough literature review was conducted to study the suitable policies available in other countries and also in Sri Lanka at present. In the second stage, two field surveys were carried out using pre-tested questionnaires, from December 2019 to May 2020, in order to gather farmers’ and extension officers’ information related to organic farming policy suggestions. According to the findings of the literature review, organic systems in some countries are more integrated with national strategic plans and visions. Those governments are more involved in new initiatives and farmers are encouraged to go organic through reliable and feasible policies. Although Sri Lanka has a high potential for organic agriculture, at present it is at an initial stage. While most organic products in Sri Lanka go to the export market, a small portion is kept at local markets. Demand for organic products in export as well as domestic markets is increasing. Even though there are seven international food certification agencies operating in the country as external inspection and certification bodies, a limited number of accredited certifications exist for products on the domestic market. Results of the farmers’ survey showed that even if farmers have a significant level of knowledge, few of them practice organic farming due to several existing problems. Moreover, extension officers have also identified similar types of problems that are faced by the farmers related to organic farming. Evaluation of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) related to organic agriculture in the country helped to identify key problems facing policy-makers when balancing the supply and demand sides of organic products. Also, in developing organic agriculture, an effective linkage and coordination among government and private participants is crucial. Therefore, in Sri Lanka in this context, strategic focus on policy support for organic agriculture is needed. Current organic farming programs need to be revised in order to formulate policies covering all areas related to production, handling, processing, certification, labeling and marketing, in order to bring the benefits of organic agriculture to farmers, marketers and consumers in a fair manner. |
Cytowanie | Malkanthi S. (2021) Outlook of Present Organic Agriculture Policies and Future Needs in Sri Lanka.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 21(36), z. 3: 55-72 |
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Pełny tekst | PRS_2021_T21(36)_n3_s55.pdf |
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8. |
Economic Sciences for Agribusiness and Rural Economy, 2021 |
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Belinska S., Beňuš O., Bielik P., Buliková M. EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF TAX POLICY ON THE ASSETS OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISE
Autor | Stefaniia Belinska, Ondrej Beňuš, Peter Bielik, Miriam Buliková |
Tytuł | EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF TAX POLICY ON THE ASSETS OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISE |
Title | |
Słowa kluczowe | agricultural enterprise, tax, tax burden, tax implications, tax policy |
Key words | |
Abstrakt | Every taxpayer is obliged to pay tax on their profits, but if taxpayers feel that the government is opaque and ineffective with their taxes, their willingness to pay taxes is reduced. At the same time, the higher the tax rate for tax subjects, the lower their interest in paying taxes. The optimal tax burden should be a burden that encourages people to work and stimulate businesses to create value. Each state seeks to maximize tax revenues as part of its tax policy, while at the same time ensuring that the tax system does not interfere with the economy or negatively affect the business environment. The state strives to maintain the most optimal state tax system and to support the market economy and competitiveness. Therefore, the state must have a tax administration that can collect taxes efficiently, and consequently, the tax system in the state should be such that the redistribution of collected taxes will be as efficient and fair as possible. The main goal of the article is to examine the dependence of tax policy on the agricultural business economy and find an effective variant of enterprise income taxation, which should have a positive impact on the business activity and competitiveness of companies in the selected sector of the economy and such taxation still would be beneficial for the state. The article will also set out some hypotheses based on the gained theoretical knowledge, as well as on the set research question. |
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Cytowanie | Belinska S., Beňuš O., Bielik P., Buliková M. |
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Pełny tekst | ESARE_2021_n5_s22.pdf |
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Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing, 2020 |
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Cyburt A., Gałecka A. Rola nadwyżki operacyjnej w budowaniu stabilności finansowej i potencjału inwestycyjnego jednostek samorządu terytorialnego
Autor | Agnieszka Cyburt, Agnieszka Gałecka |
Tytuł | Rola nadwyżki operacyjnej w budowaniu stabilności finansowej i potencjału inwestycyjnego jednostek samorządu terytorialnego |
Title | THE ROLE OF THE OPERATING SURPLUS IN BUILDING THE FINANCIAL STABILITY AND INVESTMENT POTENTIAL OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS |
Słowa kluczowe | stabilność finansowa, potencjał finansowy, potencjał inwestycyjny, nadwyżka operacyjna |
Key words | financial stability, financial potential, investment potential, operating surplus. |
Abstrakt | Niniejsze opracowanie ma na celu ocenę poziomu nadwyżki operacyjnej jako wskaźnika determinującego stabilność finansową samorządów lokalnych oraz poznanie kwoty wydatków inwestycyjnych świadczących o potencjale inwestycyjnym jednostki. Zastosowano następujące metody: analizę piśmiennictwa, analizę wskaźników budżetowych (dochody i wydatki bieżące, wydatki majątkowe, wynik operacyjny) oraz metody statystyki opisowej. Do analizy przyjęto dane finansowe wszystkich typów jednostek samorządu terytorialnego w Polsce, a więc 16 województw, 314 powiatów i 2478 gmin za lata 2015-2017. Przeprowadzona analiza pozwoliła na częściowo pozytywne zweryfikowanie hipotezy zgodnie, z którą wynik operacyjny determinuje zarówno stabilność finansową jak i wyznacza poziom potencjału inwestycyjnego JST. |
Abstract | This article aims to assess the level of operating surplus as an indicator determining the financial stability of local governments, and to show the amount of financial expenses that prove the investment potential of the government entity. The following methods were used: literature analysis, analysis of budget indicators (income and current expenses, financial expenditure, operating result) and methods of descriptive statistics. The analysis adopted financial data of all types of local government units in Poland: 16 voivodships, 314 poviats and 2478 communes for the years 2014-2017. The conducted analysis allowed for a positive verification of the hypothesis, according to which the operating surplus determines both the level of financial stability and the level of local government units’ investment potential. |
Cytowanie | Cyburt A., Gałecka A. (2020) Rola nadwyżki operacyjnej w budowaniu stabilności finansowej i potencjału inwestycyjnego jednostek samorządu terytorialnego .Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 23(72): 17-32 |
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Pełny tekst | PEFIM_2020_n72_s17.pdf |
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10. |
Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing, 2020 |
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Malinowska-Misiąg E. DIVERSE ASPECTS OF LOCAL FISCAL CAPACITY – CASE STUDY OF POLAND
Autor | Elżbieta Malinowska-Misiąg |
Tytuł | DIVERSE ASPECTS OF LOCAL FISCAL CAPACITY – CASE STUDY OF POLAND |
Title | Różne wymiary potencjału dochodowego jednostek samorządu terytorialnego – przykład Polski |
Słowa kluczowe | fiscal capacity, fiscal effort, LGUs’ revenues, local disparities |
Key words | potencjał dochodowy, wysiłek fiskalny, dochody JST, zróżnicowania lokalne. |
Abstrakt | The structure of the financial system of local government units (LGUs) determines the efficiency of its operation and development opportunities. Such a system should take into account both appropriately assigned sources of its own revenues as well as properly estimated expenditure needs, and equalization transfers. This paper focuses on the revenue side, more precisely – on the fiscal capacity of local governments. The paper begins by analyzing the concept of fiscal capacity in foreign and Polish literature. Then, three different types of fiscal capacity are distinguished, which is justified by the different purposes for which such capacities can be used. The remainder of the paper presents the amounts of fiscal capacity of various types of Polish LGUs in 2010-2017. An attempt was also made to identify external factors affecting the amount of this capacity. |
Abstract | Konstrukcja systemu finansowego jednostek samorządu terytorialnego (JST) determinuje efektywność jego funkcjonowania i możliwości rozwoju. Taki system powinien uwzględniać zarówno odpowiednio przypisane źródła dochodów własnych, jak i właściwie oszacowane potrzeby wydatkowe oraz transfery wyrównawcze. Artykuł koncentruje się na dochodach, a ściślej – na potencjale dochodowym samorządów lokalnych. Rozpoczyna go analiza pojęcia potencjału dochodowego w literaturze zagranicznej i polskiej. Następnie rozróżniono trzy różne kategorie potencjału dochodowego, co jest uzasadnione różnymi celami, dla których potencjał może być wykorzystywany. W dalszej części artykułu przedstawiono wielkości potencjału dochodowego różnych rodzajów JST w Polsce w latach 2010–2017. Podjęto również próbę zidentyfikowania czynników zewnętrznych wpływających na wielkość potencjału. |
Cytowanie | Malinowska-Misiąg E. (2020) DIVERSE ASPECTS OF LOCAL FISCAL CAPACITY – CASE STUDY OF POLAND.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 23(72): 113-122 |
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Pełny tekst | PEFIM_2020_n72_s113.pdf |
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11. |
Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing, 2020 |
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Milewska A. ENTITIES PERFORMING SELF-GOVERNMENT PUBLIC TASKS - SPECIFICITY OF ACTING AND FUNDING
Autor | Anna Milewska |
Tytuł | ENTITIES PERFORMING SELF-GOVERNMENT PUBLIC TASKS - SPECIFICITY OF ACTING AND FUNDING |
Title | Podmioty wykonujące samorządowe zadania publiczne – specyfika działania i finansowania |
Słowa kluczowe | local government, public tasks, municipal companies, finance. |
Key words | samorząd, zadania publiczne, spółki komunalne, finanse. |
Abstrakt | The goal of this article was to identify and characterize entities that participate in the process of performing public tasks. It contains their types and method of financial and/or organizational relationship with the budget of the municipal self-government. The article uses the methods of analysis and literature review as well as inductive and deductive reasoning. Institutional documents of a normative nature regarding the principles of self-government functions and literature on public (local) finances were used for the conducted research. The results show that functionally, the relationships between municipal companies and a commune budget can lead to disruptions in the assessment of the state of indebtedness of a local government entity. Following the experience of Great Britain, it can be concluded that one of the rational possibilities for carrying out projects is through a Public-Private Partnership. However, this solution can also bring financial dangers. Incorrectly dividing risks may lead to postponements of project performance or an excessive financial burden on the local government. It should also be noted that the private capital involvement formula (PPP contracts) can be used when there are economic benefits in the implementation of a specific public project, the scale of which may be of interest to the owners of capital. A significant number of public projects that are carried out by municipalities, especially in smaller (rural) entities, are in short supply and, in principle, do not give such an opportunity. |
Abstract | Celem artykułu było wskazanie i scharakteryzowanie podmiotów, które uczestniczą w procesie wykonywania zadań publicznych. Zamieszczono w nim ich typy i sposób finansowego lub/i organizacyjnego powiazania z budżetem samorządu gminnego. W artykule wykorzystano metodę analizy i krytyki piśmiennictwa oraz wnioskowania indukcyjnego i dedukcyjnego. Do prowadzonych badań wykorzystano dokumenty instytucjonalne o charakterze normatywnym dotyczące zasad funkcjonowania samorządu oraz literaturę przedmiotu z zakresu finansów publicznych (lokalnych). Po dokonaniu badań dowiedziono, że funkcjonalnie spółek komunalnych i ich rozliczenia z budżetem gminy może prowadzić do zakłóceń w dokonaniu oceny stanu zadłużenia podmiotu samorządowego. Podążając za doświadczeniem Wielkiej Brytanii uznać można, że jedną z racjonalnych możliwości realizacji zadań jest zawieranie umów w ramach Parnterstwa Publiczno-Prywatnego. Jednakże i to rozwiązanie może nieść ze sobą niebezpieczeństwa finansowe. Nieprawidłowy podział ryzyk, może doprowadzić do przesunięcia wykonania zadania w czasie lub zbyt dużego obciążenia finansowego samorządu. Ponadto formuła angażowania kapitału prywatnego w ramach PPP może być zastosowana w sytuacji, gdy przy realizacji określonego zadania publicznego pojawiają się korzyści ekonomiczne, których skala może zainteresować właścicieli kapitału. Znaczna część zadań publicznych realizowana przez gminy, szczególnie w mniejszych ośrodkach (wiejskich) jest deficytowa i co do zasady, nie daje takiej szansy |
Cytowanie | Milewska A. (2020) ENTITIES PERFORMING SELF-GOVERNMENT PUBLIC TASKS - SPECIFICITY OF ACTING AND FUNDING.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 23(72): 146-155 |
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Pełny tekst | PEFIM_2020_n72_s146.pdf |
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12. |
Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing, 2020 |
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Sołtyk P. IMPACT OF SUBSIDIES ON THE FINANCIAL POSITION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT BUDGETARY ESTABLISHMENTS IN POLAND
Autor | Piotr Sołtyk |
Tytuł | IMPACT OF SUBSIDIES ON THE FINANCIAL POSITION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT BUDGETARY ESTABLISHMENTS IN POLAND |
Title | Wpływ dotacji na sytuację finansową samorządowych zakładów budżetowych w Polsce |
Słowa kluczowe | local government, budgetary establishment, subsidy, revenues, budget of local government, costs of budgetary establishments |
Key words | samorząd lokalny, budżet, dotacja, przychody, budżet samorządu, koszty zakładów budżetowych. |
Abstrakt | The article presents an assessment of the impact of subsidies received from the budget of a local government unit on the financial situation of local government budgetary establishments in Poland. As a result of the change in the financial law in 2009, budgetary establishments operate only at the local government level. Despite the fact that legislators decided that the sphere of tasks of budgetary establishments is strictly defined in the law, it is justified to assess the impact of the subjective subsidy transferred from the local government budget on the generated revenues. The article verifies the hypothesis, that the amount of the subsidy depends on the generated revenues. The hypothesis was verified using Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient vector and Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance. All analyses were performed with the Statistica v.12 package. |
Abstract | Artykuł sprowadza się do oceny wpływu dotacji otrzymanych z budżetu jednostki samorządu terytorialnego na sytuację finansową samorządowych instytucji budżetowych w Polsce. W wyniku zmiany prawa finansowego w 2009 r. Zakłady budżetowe działają wyłącznie na poziomie samorządu terytorialnego. Pomimo faktu, że ustawodawcy zdecydowali, że sfera zadań zakładów budżetowych jest ściśle określona w prawie, uzasadniona jest ocena wpływu subiektywnej subwencji przekazywanej z budżetu samorządu terytorialnego na generowane przychody. Artykuł weryfikuje hipotezę, zgodnie z którą kwota dotacji zależy od generowanych przychodów. Hipotezę zweryfikowano za pomocą wektora współczynnika korelacji liniowej Pearsona i analizy wariancji Kruskala-Wallisa. Wszystkie analizy przeprowadzono z pakietem Statistica v.12. |
Cytowanie | Sołtyk P. (2020) IMPACT OF SUBSIDIES ON THE FINANCIAL POSITION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT BUDGETARY ESTABLISHMENTS IN POLAND.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 23(72): 156-167 |
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Pełny tekst | PEFIM_2020_n72_s156.pdf |
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13. |
Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing, 2020 |
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Szydłowski C. AUDIT OF INCOME FROM LOCAL FEES IN SELECTED COMMUNES OF THE POMERANIAN PROVINCE IN POLAND
Autor | Cezary Szydłowski |
Tytuł | AUDIT OF INCOME FROM LOCAL FEES IN SELECTED COMMUNES OF THE POMERANIAN PROVINCE IN POLAND |
Title | Audyt dochodów z tytułu opłaty miejscowej w wybranych gminach województwa pomorskiego w Polsce |
Słowa kluczowe | audit, budget revenues, local tax, climate fee, public sector, local government. |
Key words | audyt, dochody budżetowe, opłata miejscowa, opłata klimatyczna, sektor publiczny, samorząd terytorialny. |
Abstrakt | The article presents the importance of auditing the assessment of a commune's budget revenues for tourist fees (local fee or spa fee) as a tool enabling its increase by the commune authorized to impose it. The purpose of this article is to present on the basis of selected coastal municipalities of the Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland, the role and significance of the audit of the assessment of income to the municipal budget in terms of local and spa fees. The article uses case study, analytical method, inference method and document examination method as the research methodology. The source materials for the analysis were documents made available on the pages of the Public Information Bulletin by the assessed local government units from the Pomeranian Voivodeship (reports on the implementation of the budget and Rb-27s reports containing information on revenue for the year). The local and spa fees constitute a small share in the total income of the budgets of the surveyed municipalities. The key factor improving the revenues of municipalities from local and spa fees is the improvement of their collection system. The risk of inefficient collection of fees by those who collect them from tourists is a threat to effective collection of the fees. Therefore, individual communes should improve the supervision system and control of toll collection by hotel service providers. |
Abstract | Artykuł przedstawia znaczenie audytu oceny dochodów do budżetu gminy z tytułu opłat turystycznych (opłaty miejscowej lub opłaty uzdrowiskowej) jako narzędzia umożliwiającego zwiększanie jego poboru przez gminę uprawnioną do jej nakładania. Głównym celem artykułu było ustalenie jaki poziom dochodów budżetowych nadmorskich gmin województwa pomorskiego w Polsce stanowią wpływy z opłaty miejscowej i uzdrowiskowej. W artykule jako metodę badawczą wykorzystano studium przypadku, metodę analityczną, metodę wnioskowania oraz metodę badania dokumentów. Ocenie poddano wybrane nadmorskie samorządy miejskie oraz wiejskie województwa pomorskiego w Polsce. Materiał źródłowy do analizy stanowiły sprawozdania z realizacji budżetu oraz sprawozdania Rb-27s zawierające informacje o dochodach za dany rok. Przeprowadzone badania uwidoczniły, że dochody z opłaty miejscowej i uzdrowiskowej stanowią niewielki udział w budżecie poszczególnych gmin. Kluczowym czynnikiem wpływającym na poprawę dochodów gmin z tytułu opłat miejscowych i uzdrowiskowych jest usprawnienie systemu ich poboru. |
Cytowanie | Szydłowski C. (2020) AUDIT OF INCOME FROM LOCAL FEES IN SELECTED COMMUNES OF THE POMERANIAN PROVINCE IN POLAND.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 23(72): 208-221 |
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Pełny tekst | PEFIM_2020_n72_s208.pdf |
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14. |
Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing, 2020 |
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Dąbkowska-Dworniak M. NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN POLAND: THEIR ROLE AND SOURCES OF FINANCING
Autor | Magdalena Dąbkowska-Dworniak |
Tytuł | NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN POLAND: THEIR ROLE AND SOURCES OF FINANCING |
Title | Organizacja pozarządowe w Polsce – rola i ich źródła finasowania |
Słowa kluczowe | sources of financing, NGO |
Key words | źródła finansowania, organizacje pozarządowe |
Abstrakt | Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are institutions that belong most often to the social service sector, whose goals are to meet the specific needs of people that are not being met, or not being met adequately, by commercial organizations or state administrations. Such NGOs work to help citizens develop and to improve themselves and their life situations. This article presents an overview of the role played by NGOs in Poland and how they are funded. |
Abstract | Organizacje pozarządowe to instytucje zaliczające się do sektora społecznego, potrafiącego zaspokoić specyficzne potrzeby ludzi, których nie zaspokajają organizacje komercyjne i administracja państwowa. NGOsy wychowują, pomagają rozwijać i samorealizować się obywatelom. Artykuł przedstawia rolę jaką odgrywają organizacje pozarządowe oraz w jaki sposób są finansowanie. W artykule wykorzystano metodę desk research - przedstawiono i omówiono wyniki badań wtórnych, przeprowadzonych przez Stowarzyszenie Klon/Jawor oraz Główny Urząd Statystyczny. |
Cytowanie | Dąbkowska-Dworniak M. (2020) NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN POLAND: THEIR ROLE AND SOURCES OF FINANCING.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 24(73): 43-53 |
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Pełny tekst | PEFIM_2020_n73_s43.pdf |
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15. |
Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing, 2020 |
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Misztal P. LIQUIDITY TRAP IN THE UNITED STATES, THE EURO AREA AND JAPAN
Autor | Piotr Misztal |
Tytuł | LIQUIDITY TRAP IN THE UNITED STATES, THE EURO AREA AND JAPAN |
Title | Pułapka płynności w USA, strefie euro i Japonii |
Słowa kluczowe | liquidity trap, financial crisis, monetary policy |
Key words | pułapka płynności, kryzys finansowy, polityka pieniężna |
Abstrakt | When a country falls into a liquidity trap it means that its central bank lacks an effective expansionary monetary policy aimed at increasing consumption and investment demand. Market participants (households and enterprises), instead of increasing demand, accumulate a growing money supply in the form of cash. Keynes argued that for an economy in a liquidity trap, the only way to increase demand in the country and to stimulate the economy is to conduct expansionary fiscal policy by increasing government spending or reducing taxes. The aim of the research is to verify the empirical hypothesis of the liquidity trap in three of the largest economies in the world, formerly known as the Global Triad (i.e. the USA, the euro zone and Japan), after the 2008 financial crisis. Research methods based on literature studies in macroeconomics and finance, as well as statistical methods, were used in the study. All statistical data came from the statistical office of the European Union – EUROSTAT, and from the statistical database of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development - UNCTADstat. |
Abstract | Kiedy kraj wpada w pułapkę płynności, oznacza to, że jego bankowi centralnemu brakuje skutecznej, ekspansywnej polityki monetarnej mającej na celu zwiększenie popytu konsumpcyjnego i inwestycyjnego. Uczestnicy rynku (gospodarstwa domowe i przedsiębiorstwa) zamiast zwiększać popyt gromadzą rosnącą podaż pieniądza w postaci gotówki. Keynes argumentował, że dla gospodarki znajdującej się w pułapce płynności jedynym sposobem na zwiększenie popytu w kraju i pobudzenie gospodarki jest prowadzenie ekspansywnej polityki fiskalnej poprzez zwiększanie wydatków rządowych lub obniżanie podatków. Celem badań jest weryfikacja empirycznej hipotezy o pułapce płynności w trzech największych gospodarkach świata, znanych wcześniej jako Globalna Triada (tj. USA, strefa euro i Japonia), po kryzysie finansowym w 2008 roku. W pracy wykorzystano metody badawcze oparte na studiach literaturowych z zakresu makroekonomii i finansów oraz metody statystyczne. Wszystkie dane statystyczne pochodziły z urzędu statystycznego Unii Europejskiej - EUROSTAT oraz z bazy danych statystycznych Konferencji Narodów Zjednoczonych ds. Handlu i Rozwoju - UNCTADstat. |
Cytowanie | Misztal P. (2020) LIQUIDITY TRAP IN THE UNITED STATES, THE EURO AREA AND JAPAN.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 24(73): 114-127 |
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Pełny tekst | PEFIM_2020_n73_s114.pdf |
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16. |
Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing, 2020 |
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Bereziński S., Rokicki T. FINANCING OF LINEAR ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE IN POLAND
Autor | Stanisław Bereziński, Tomasz Rokicki |
Tytuł | FINANCING OF LINEAR ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE IN POLAND |
Title | Finansowanie liniowej infrastruktury drogowej w Polsce |
Słowa kluczowe | infrastructure, road transport, road expenditure, European funds |
Key words | infrastruktura, transport drogowy, wydatki na drogi, fundusze europejskie |
Abstrakt | The main purpose of the paper was to identify and present the situation and changes in the level of expenditure on public roads in Poland, taking into account the division of the country into voivodships. The data concerned the period from 2005 to 2017. Sources of materials were the analysis of available literature in the field of road transport, legal acts, data from the CSO database. The comparative method was used in the paper, dynamics indicators were evaluated, the Gini concentration coefficient was calculated and the degree of concentration was presented using the Lorenz curve. Pearson's linear correlation coefficients were also used. A descriptive, tabular and graphic method were used to present the results. Investment outlays on roads apply to both the construction of new roads and the repair of existing ones. Between 2005-2017, the length of public roads in Poland increased by 11% to 422,000 km. Changes in individual voivodships and in subsequent years varied. The largest increase in road length occurred in Podlaskie and Lublin, while the smallest was in Opole. The largest expenditure on public roads was incurred in 2009-2011, which was related to the preparation for the Euro 2012 football tournament, which took place in Poland and Ukraine. Investment outlays were related to the level of economic development of voivodships and the resources of public roads. The only exception to this rule occurred in 2009-2011, when many road investments were centrally financed by the government. |
Abstract | Celem głównym pracy było rozpoznanie i przedstawienie sytuacji oraz zmian w poziomie wydatków na drogi publiczne. Badania dotyczyły Polski, z uwzględnieniem podziału na województwa. Dane dotyczyły lat 2005-2017. Źródła materiałów stanowiła analiza dostępnej literatury z zakresu transportu drogowego, akty prawne, dane z bazy danych GUS. W pracy wykorzystano metodę porównawczą, posługiwano się wskaźnikami dynamiki, obliczono współczynnik koncentracji Giniego oraz przedstawiono stopień koncentracji za pomocą krzywej Lorenza. Zastosowano również współczynniki korelacji liniowej Pearsona. Do prezentacji wyników badań zastosowano metodę opisową, tabelaryczna i graficzną. Nakłady inwestycyjne na drogi dotyczą zarówno budowy nowych dróg, jak również naprawy już istniejących. W latach 2005-2017 długość dróg publicznych w Polsce wzrosła o 11% do 422 tys. km. Zmiany w poszczególnych województwach i latach były zróżnicowane. Największy przyrost dróg nastąpił w województwach podlaskim i lubelskim, a najmniejszy w opolskim. Największe nakłady inwestycyjne na drogi publiczne poniesiono w latach 2009-2011, co było związane z przygotowaniem do turnieju piłkarskiego Euro 2012, który odbył się w Polsce i na Ukrainie. Nakłady inwestycyjne były związane z poziomem rozwoju gospodarczego województw oraz z zasobem dróg publicznych. Jedyny wyjątek od tej reguły wystąpił w latach 2009-2011, gdy centralnie finansowano wiele inwestycji drogowych. |
Cytowanie | Bereziński S., Rokicki T. (2020) FINANCING OF LINEAR ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE IN POLAND.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 24(73): 205-213 |
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Pełny tekst | PEFIM_2020_n73_s205.pdf |
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17. |
Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, 2020 |
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Obi-Egbedi O., Ogungbite O., Oluwatayo I. Genetically Modified Crops’ Technology and its Awareness among Smallholder Farmers in Nigeria
Autor | Ogheneruemu Obi-Egbedi, Omowunmi Ogungbite, Isaac Oluwatayo |
Tytuł | Genetically Modified Crops’ Technology and its Awareness among Smallholder Farmers in Nigeria |
Title | Genetically Modified Crops’ Technology and its Awareness among Smallholder Farmers in Nigeria |
Słowa kluczowe | GMOs, smallholder farmers, awareness for GM crops, Credible seed sources, Agricultural technology |
Key words | GMOs, smallholder farmers, awareness for GM crops, Credible seed sources, Agricultural technology |
Abstrakt | Genetically Modified (GM) crops are crops modified through genetic engineering to improve their quality. Although safety concerns about genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are still being debated, the food security benefits have led to adoption by many counties. In Nigeria, where most farmers are uneducated and likely unaware of the agricultural technology, the government approved its first biotechnology crop for commercialization in 2018. Level of farmers’ awareness is crucial to acceptance of GM crops, although; this has not been fully explored in the literature. Therefore, this study aimed to assess farmers’ awareness for GM crops and the factors that determine their awareness in Oyo state, Nigeria, using primary data collected in 2018 with the aid of well-structured questionnaires from 242 smallholder farmers. Principal component analysis and Tobit regression model were used for data analysis. Results showed that farmers were aged 43 years with farm size of 3.57 ha, farming experience of 14 years and 11 years of education. Most farmers were male (71.90%), married (67.36%), not members of farmer groups (64.46%) and sourced their seeds from non-credible sources (85.12%). Most farmers (52.07%) had either not heard of or did not know of any benefits/costs of GM crops, hence; were not aware of GM crops. Factors that influenced awareness of GM crops were being a male farmer, years of education and source of seeds. The study concluded that increasing years of education and ensuring use of credible seed sources will increase awareness of the costs and benefits of GM crops among farmers. |
Abstract | Genetically Modified (GM) crops are crops modified through genetic engineering to improve their quality. Although safety concerns about genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are still being debated, the food security benefits have led to adoption by many counties. In Nigeria, where most farmers are uneducated and likely unaware of the agricultural technology, the government approved its first biotechnology crop for commercialization in 2018. Level of farmers’ awareness is crucial to acceptance of GM crops, although; this has not been fully explored in the literature. Therefore, this study aimed to assess farmers’ awareness for GM crops and the factors that determine their awareness in Oyo state, Nigeria, using primary data collected in 2018 with the aid of well-structured questionnaires from 242 smallholder farmers. Principal component analysis and Tobit regression model were used for data analysis. Results showed that farmers were aged 43 years with farm size of 3.57 ha, farming experience of 14 years and 11 years of education. Most farmers were male (71.90%), married (67.36%), not members of farmer groups (64.46%) and sourced their seeds from non-credible sources (85.12%). Most farmers (52.07%) had either not heard of or did not know of any benefits/costs of GM crops, hence; were not aware of GM crops. Factors that influenced awareness of GM crops were being a male farmer, years of education and source of seeds. The study concluded that increasing years of education and ensuring use of credible seed sources will increase awareness of the costs and benefits of GM crops among farmers. |
Cytowanie | Obi-Egbedi O., Ogungbite O., Oluwatayo I. (2020) Genetically Modified Crops’ Technology and its Awareness among Smallholder Farmers in Nigeria.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 20(35), z. 4: 58-67 |
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Pełny tekst | PRS_2020_T20(35)_n4_s58.pdf |
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18. |
Economic Sciences for Agribusiness and Rural Economy, 2020 |
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Chirilas A., Foris D. DEVELOPMENT OF AGRITOURISM THROUGH THE CONCEPT OF LOCAL GASTRONOMY POINTS
Autor | Alexandra-Maria Chirilas, Diana Foris |
Tytuł | DEVELOPMENT OF AGRITOURISM THROUGH THE CONCEPT OF LOCAL GASTRONOMY POINTS |
Title | |
Słowa kluczowe | agritourism, rural areas, local gastronomy |
Key words | |
Abstrakt | This paper addresses issues regarding the new government initiative Local Gastronomic Points to develop rural areas with agritourism potential in Romania by highlighting the local gastronomy. The main objective of this research is to identify how the concept of Local Gastronomic Points is perceived in terms of the opinion of the owners who manage such businesses and to identify the implications of this concept in the development of agritourism. In this respect, qualitative marketing research based on the semi-structured interview method was conducted at the level of the rural tourist destination Vama Buzaului, Romania. The main conclusion of the study is that the Local Gastronomic Points is an initiative that demonstrates that it can generate horizontal development of the rural areas and the development of agritourism. The research results revealed that this concept enhances the local community and gastronomy. Starting from these results, we propose to design a unitary Gastro Local concept at the county level, which should include specific requirements regarding the culinary preparations and services, the standardization of the marking and signalling of these Points, and intense activity of information and tourist promotion. The results of the study are conclusive and relevant for stakeholders in agritourism, for the responsible public authorities in the field of tourism, to develop competitive rural tourist destinations. The paper also offers future research directions. |
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Cytowanie | Chirilas A., Foris D. |
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Pełny tekst | ESARE_2020_n4_s43.pdf |
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19. |
Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, 2019 |
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Adamowicz M., Adamowicz T. The World Financial Crisis and The Polish Economy
Autor | Mieczysław Adamowicz, Tomasz Adamowicz |
Tytuł | The World Financial Crisis and The Polish Economy |
Title | The World Financial Crisis and The Polish Economy |
Słowa kluczowe | financial crisis, effects of financial crisis, anti-crisis action, Poland |
Key words | financial crisis, effects of financial crisis, anti-crisis action, Poland |
Abstrakt | The subject of the work is to provide an overview of the global financial crisis in the years 2007-2011; its course, symptoms and effects in the world and in Poland. The work presents the causes and the sources of crisis as well as corrective measures taken by governments and financial institutions. The subject literature and information from different national and international financial institutions and organisations were used as a source of research materials and data for analysis. The financial crisis appeared in Poland with some delay and was less intensive than in other developed countries. Anti-crisis measures taken in Poland complied with the recommendations of the European Union and the International Monetary Fund. The measures taken by the Polish central bank concerned the institutional sphere, the manner in which the financial policy worked and how it was pursued, as well as the real sphere of the economy, including especially enterprises, households and public institutions. |
Abstract | The subject of the work is to provide an overview of the global financial crisis in the years 2007-2011; its course, symptoms and effects in the world and in Poland. The work presents the causes and the sources of crisis as well as corrective measures taken by governments and financial institutions. The subject literature and information from different national and international financial institutions and organisations were used as a source of research materials and data for analysis. The financial crisis appeared in Poland with some delay and was less intensive than in other developed countries. Anti-crisis measures taken in Poland complied with the recommendations of the European Union and the International Monetary Fund. The measures taken by the Polish central bank concerned the institutional sphere, the manner in which the financial policy worked and how it was pursued, as well as the real sphere of the economy, including especially enterprises, households and public institutions. |
Cytowanie | Adamowicz M., Adamowicz T. (2019) The World Financial Crisis and The Polish Economy.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 1: 5-21 |
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Pełny tekst | PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s5.pdf |
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20. |
Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, 2019 |
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Bakos I., Khademi-Vidra A. Alternative Local Food Shopping Communities in Hungary
Autor | Izabella Bakos, Anikó Khademi-Vidra |
Tytuł | Alternative Local Food Shopping Communities in Hungary |
Title | Alternative Local Food Shopping Communities in Hungary |
Słowa kluczowe | local food, consumer communities, food consumer behaviour, questionnaire study, cluster analysis |
Key words | local food, consumer communities, food consumer behaviour, questionnaire study, cluster analysis |
Abstrakt | As a result of concerns about the long-term sustainability of globalized retail trade and the stronger presence of health conscious consumer behaviour, governments and groups of conscious consumers worldwide are increasingly focusing on the promotion and development of local food systems and small-scale retail chains and the production of quality local food products to promote the market. In our paper, we would like to give an overview of community-led alternative types of local food systems, with particular attention to shopping community-type consumer and consumer communities. We also describe the main results of our primary research in the population and the shopping community. During the questionnaire we revealed general consumer behaviour and the demand and attitude of local food, the popularity of the customer communities in the settlement of the respondents. In the survey conducted among members of the consumer community, we looked at the analytical areas designated as a target in the population questionnaire for the purpose of comparability and our aim was to explore the sociometrics and lifestyles of communities as well as their community experiences and possible developments. Our hypothesis is that there is a close correlation between the respondents with higher education and income and the preferences of local food. Furthermore, it is assumed that there is a significant difference between the food consumption behaviors of the two samples examined. |
Abstract | As a result of concerns about the long-term sustainability of globalized retail trade and the stronger presence of health conscious consumer behaviour, governments and groups of conscious consumers worldwide are increasingly focusing on the promotion and development of local food systems and small-scale retail chains and the production of quality local food products to promote the market. In our paper, we would like to give an overview of community-led alternative types of local food systems, with particular attention to shopping community-type consumer and consumer communities. We also describe the main results of our primary research in the population and the shopping community. During the questionnaire we revealed general consumer behaviour and the demand and attitude of local food, the popularity of the customer communities in the settlement of the respondents. In the survey conducted among members of the consumer community, we looked at the analytical areas designated as a target in the population questionnaire for the purpose of comparability and our aim was to explore the sociometrics and lifestyles of communities as well as their community experiences and possible developments. Our hypothesis is that there is a close correlation between the respondents with higher education and income and the preferences of local food. Furthermore, it is assumed that there is a significant difference between the food consumption behaviors of the two samples examined. |
Cytowanie | Bakos I., Khademi-Vidra A. (2019) Alternative Local Food Shopping Communities in Hungary.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 2: 7-21 |
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Pełny tekst | PRS_2019_T19(34)_n2_s7.pdf |
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