Wyniki wyszukiwania

Autor	Janusz Dworak
Tytuł	Pozycjonowanie w marketingu. Wykorzystanie anamorfozy w pozycjonowaniu
Title	Positioning in Marketing. Using Anamorphosis in positioning
Słowa kluczowe
Key words
Abstrakt	Decyzje gospodarcze i społeczne mają racjonalne uwarunkowania wówczas, gdy oparte są na logicznych przesłankach. W dobie powszechnego dostępu do informacji, badań naukowych, raportów i danych statystycznych coraz więcej decyzji podejmowanych jest w oparciu o zestawienia wskaźników i mierników. Można się nimi posłużyć w ocenie firmy na dany moment oraz ukazać dynamikę zmian zachodzącą w czasie. Porównywanie wyników badań ilościowych dla różnych zjawisk pozwala na określenie pozycji interesującego nas obiektu w otoczeniu, czyli określenie jego kontekstu. Jest to możliwe dzięki ustaleniu jego dystansu względem wartości maksymalnej, minimalnej, średniej czy też wartości normatywnej. Dzięki uszeregowaniu wyników pomiarów dla grupy obiektów otrzymujemy szereg informacji na temat relacji między nimi. Umożliwia to także skonstruowanie modelu badanego zjawiska, czyli stworzenia dlań wzorca.
Abstract	Economic and social decisions has its rational conditions, while they are based on logical grounds. These grounds are usually formed by metrics and indicators. We can use them to rate every firm at desired moment and to show the dynamics of changes in time. Comparisons of measurements in quantitative research for various occurrence allows us to fix their position in relation to: maximum value, minimum value, average value, normative value and the model. Comparison allows us to specify the distance between the subject of the research and the pattern, so determines its position in the environment. The process of comparison is called the positioning and we can consider it: as an assignation of the product or company position on the market; as a position which is allotted by goods consumed by the client; as a place of business in terms of market share against competitors; as a tool for data processing, which are changing in space and time; as a discriminant, which allows us to pick a product among others. This lecture highlights two types of positioning: simple and complex. In simple case the place among other similar objects has been designated by the way they organize on the axis which means that it is possible to immediately determine the investment of tested object against the environment, to estimate the distance separating it from the best and worst, to assess the relation to the national average, etc. The complex positioning shows the way of analyse many indicators simultaneously on the example of universities. For this purpose, the anamorphosis method was adopted. In this method I had to resign from the actual distance and for better clarity in presentation I had to create artificial image. In addition, I presented a summary way of segmentation, which allows prospective students to experience the atmosphere of studying. Then I presented a matrix determined by the axes OX and OY, where the traditional rate-scale was replaced by the characteristic faces to show emotional state of respondents. When we are taking two or three indicators simultaneously into consideration, the matrix provides the execution of positioning. This article is a proposal to apply the methods of positioning for the universities competing with each other in the same area. Proposals of graphic methods presented in this lecture can be useful in practice because they are letting prospective students to generate relevant information from available data. They can also be used to develop the marketing strategy for universities.
Cytowanie	Dworak J. (2010) Pozycjonowanie w marketingu. Wykorzystanie anamorfozy w pozycjonowaniu.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 3(52): 25-35
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2010_n52_s25.pdf

Autor	Dorota Witkowska
Tytuł	Efektywność wybranych funduszy akcyjnych w latach 2005–2007
Title	Efficiency of the Selected Investment Funds in the Span of 2005–2007
Słowa kluczowe
Key words
Abstrakt
Abstract	The first investment fund in Poland was founded in 1992, and the significant development has been observed since that time. Investigation of the 20 open-end investment funds efficiency in years 2005–2007 is the aim of the research. The research is provided for the logarithmic rates of return applying: Sharpe index, Treynor ratio, and Jensen index. The ranking of analyzed investment funds was made for every year of investigation and for the whole 3-year period
Cytowanie	Witkowska D. (2009) Efektywność wybranych funduszy akcyjnych w latach 2005–2007.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 74: 39-61
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n74_s39.pdf

Autor	Dariusz Kusz
Tytuł	Zróżnicowanie regionalne nakładów inwestycyjnych w rolnictwie polskim
Title	Provincial differentiation of investment value in Polish farming
Słowa kluczowe
Key words
Abstrakt
Abstract	This work presents and evaluates provincial differentiation of investment value in Polish farming in years 2002–2007. Big regional differentiation of investment value has been observed. Following provinces: Wielkopolskie, Zachodnio- Pomorskie, Opolskie, Warminsko-Mazurskie and Lubuskie are characterized by much higher investment activity than the remaining provinces of the country. This disproportion of investment value between the two groups of provinces is significant especially when calculating the value of investment per one farm or per one person working on the farm. Such big differentiation has resulted in polarization of farms in Poland and if such tendency continues, the disproportions are expected to grow
Cytowanie	Kusz D. (2009) Zróżnicowanie regionalne nakładów inwestycyjnych w rolnictwie polskim.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 75: 79-89
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n75_s79.pdf

Autor	Joanna Paliszkiewicz
Tytuł	Liczba szkół wyższych a rozwój województw
Title	The number of higher education institutions and the development of provinces
Słowa kluczowe
Key words
Abstrakt
Abstract	In our times the human capital is one of basic development factors. Investments in human capital is the first step of going the way of the long-lasting growth in the economy. The level of education of the human capital is deciding on the ability of the given society to the adaptation of the financial capital and changing it into goods and service. The purpose of the article is checking the relation between the number of higher education institutions (also of students and graduates) with the economic activity, the amount of enterprises, the amount of the remuneration, the amount of the expenditure on investment and B+R and the unemployment rate in individual provinces
Cytowanie	Paliszkiewicz J. (2009) Liczba szkół wyższych a rozwój województw.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 75: 161-170
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n75_s161.pdf

Autor	Mirosław Krajewski
Tytuł	System powiązania wskaźników w ocenie zarządzania kapitałami w przedsiębiorstwie
Title	The connection system of the capital management coeffi cients in enterprise assessment
Słowa kluczowe
Key words
Abstrakt
Abstract	The process of funding in enterprise joins two inseparable and mutually related problems in enterprise – the investments assets delimitation and identifying possible sources of financing, which from the managers point of view, should also includes the costs of gaining additional capital. The correct utilization of capital in enterprise requires continuous monitoring of the financial effects of its performance in aspect of possessed assets. It leads to formulating the establish definitions in relation to economic quantities which helps to identify the major efficient financing sources in company activity. The methods and analysis tools should asses the most profitable level of loan capital and assure possibility to create the early warning system before financial losses appear in enterprise.
Cytowanie	Krajewski M. (2009) System powiązania wskaźników w ocenie zarządzania kapitałami w przedsiębiorstwie.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 76: 61-71
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n76_s61.pdf

Autor	Jacek Grzywacz
Tytuł	Ryzyko kredytowania małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw w Polsce
Title	The credit risk in fi nancing small and medium enterprises in Poland
Słowa kluczowe
Key words
Abstrakt
Abstract	The SME sector is a main stimulus of the economic development in Poland. The valid problems in this sector concern both aspects as leading the current business activity as well as a trouble keeping of the financial liquidity. Therefore the access to credit is conditioning the real opportunities of functioning on the market and its development today. However the cost of a bank loan in Poland effectively is still suppressing the investment enthusiasm of entrepreneurs. This cost, from bank point of view, is an outcome of the rigorous evaluation of the credit risk in activity of the small and medium enterprise sector.
Cytowanie	Grzywacz J. (2009) Ryzyko kredytowania małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 77: 5-17
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n77_s5.pdf

Autor	Sławomir Juszczyk, Artur Nagórka
Tytuł	Fundusze parasolowe i lokaty bankowe jako miejsce gotówki przedsiębiorstwa
Title	The umbrella funds and bank locations as the place for cash of companies
Słowa kluczowe
Key words
Abstrakt
Abstract	Financial liquidity is one of the most important factors for the company growth and everyday operations. Since the mid of XX century there have been some attempts to find a right level of cash to be held by a company. Similar research was involved in deciding what to do when there is a surplus of cash that is going to be kept by the company for future purposes. The bank location could be good solution, but investment fund as the place for placing cash for a period of time is probably better. The rules of investment funds in Poland prevent an investor from any risk of fraud. Simultaneously there are some investment risks according to the profile of the given fund. From this point of view majority of investment funds are not suitable to serve as the place of investment for companies. The good solution is a money market fund due to the fact that only very low risk, or almost no risk, papers are in the portfolio of such funds. Obviously never very high yields are anticipated but still they are higher than deposits and far more flexible. The money market fund is particularly suitable for an investment when money can be shifted to a more aggressive fund at the steady growth market conditions. The mechanism of conversion between the funds allows it but in normal circumstances the profits are taxed straight after the operation. In order to avoid it the companies that run legal investment funds in Poland (TFI) introduced so called “umbrella funds” where the money market fund is one of the subfunds and money could be easily moved to another fund without immediate taxation. Therefore the money market fund within the umbrella fund could be the good place to keep company cash surplus.
Cytowanie	Juszczyk S., Nagórka A. (2009) Fundusze parasolowe i lokaty bankowe jako miejsce gotówki przedsiębiorstwa.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 77: 19-30
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n77_s19.pdf

Autor	Grażyna Ancyparowicz
Tytuł	Bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne w Polsce po akcesji do Unii Europejskiej
Title	The direct foreign investment in Poland after accession into EU
Słowa kluczowe
Key words
Abstrakt
Abstract	The accession of Poland to EU coincided with the growth phase of Polish economic cycle. However economies of western European countries had come into the phase of economic slowdown and western investors had been looking for the new areas of economic expansion, also among the new EU member countries. But the inflow of money into Poland in the form of Greenfi eld investments was lower than the amount of reinvesting profits and credits of companies, which gained foreign strategic investor before the accession. There have been used new efficient technologies – imported from Western Countries, which improved the competitiveness and modernity of goods produced in Poland. This process has been continued after the accession. The function of foreign capital in stimulation of Polish economy should not be assessed unambiguously, because the correlation ratio between the PKB growth and the inflow of Foreign Direct Investments is low. After accession the growth ratio was high as a result of activity of investors tightly connected with Polish market, which reinvested their profits for modernisation and extension of production. Synthetic indicator of the growth of wealth of Polish society was the increase of nominal GDP per capita – two and a half times – between 2000 and 2007. Although according to the purchasing power parity the GDP per capita has grown this time only about 50% (from 10,6 thou USD to 15,9 thou USD).
Cytowanie	Ancyparowicz G. (2009) Bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne w Polsce po akcesji do Unii Europejskiej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 77: 89-103
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n77_s89.pdf

Autor	Adam Samborski
Tytuł	Finansowanie inwestycji rzeczowych w warunkach destabilizacji sektora finansowego: doświadczenia japońskich przedsiębiorstw
Title	The real investments fund in unsure conditions of finance sector: based on Japanese companies experience
Słowa kluczowe
Key words
Abstrakt
Abstract	The article analyses Japanese economic conditions and their consequences for financing real investment in the sector of non-financial corporations in the nineties of the 20th century. In order to identify sources of financing real investment, national accounts was used. Data to be taken into consideration while assessing real investment made by Japanese companies was obtained from two accounts: a capital and financial accounts. It is found out that the nineties witnessed considerable changes in financing real investment in the sector of Japanese nonfinancial corporations, which stems from two overlapping mechanisms: companies’ preference to finance real investment by means of internal funds and lower willingness of financial institutions to lend money.
Cytowanie	Samborski A. (2009) Finansowanie inwestycji rzeczowych w warunkach destabilizacji sektora finansowego: doświadczenia japońskich przedsiębiorstw.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 77: 115-126
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n77_s115.pdf

Autor	Małgorzata Błażejowska
Tytuł	Finansowe wsparcie rozwoju lokalnego w ramach partnerstwa publiczno--prywatnego w opinii władz samorządowych
Title	Financial support for the local development in the private-public partnership of the local authority’s opinions
Słowa kluczowe
Key words
Abstrakt
Abstract	The paper presents research results of the local authority’s opinions about the Private-Public Partnership in the rural areas of the West-Pomeranian voivodeship. The greatest benefits of cooperation were tested by the supplement of public funds in relation to private equity increase investment opportunities and increased absorption of EU funds. As a main reason in preventing the implementation of the PPP formula proved: a mental barriers – lack of skilled personnel in the local rural communities, low awareness – insufficient knowledge of the partnership of two different entities and the lack of information flow about the possibility of establishing cooperation
Cytowanie	Błażejowska M. (2009) Finansowe wsparcie rozwoju lokalnego w ramach partnerstwa publiczno--prywatnego w opinii władz samorządowych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 77: 163-173
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n77_s163.pdf

Autor	Magdalena Mądra
Tytuł	Kształtowanie poziomu zadłużenia w zależności od powierzchni użytków rolniczych gospodarstw rolnych
Title	The relation between the debt level and cropland area in agriculture farms
Słowa kluczowe
Key words
Abstrakt
Abstract	The elaboration presents the debt level in relation to possessed cropland area used in agriculture farms. The article deals also with statistical regression model in which as a dependent variable chose the level of liabilities calculated per one hectare of cropland area. The presented research was surveyed in years 2004–2007, in Mazowsze and Podlasie region. Farms have been characterized by criterion of cropland area and were divided into six groups according to classification of PL-FADN. The regression models, estimated in elaborations showed that a variable of debt calculated per hectare of cropland area influenced on the degree of financial leverage and supply turnover in each year. It presented specific factors which had an impact on farmers investments decisions. The highest number of agriculture farms, which recorded foreign capital usage in financing structure, noticed in group of farms which noticed over 40 hectares of cropland area.
Cytowanie	Mądra M. (2009) Kształtowanie poziomu zadłużenia w zależności od powierzchni użytków rolniczych gospodarstw rolnych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 77: 199-216
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n77_s199.pdf

Autor	Sławomir Juszczyk, Artur Nagórka
Tytuł	Finansowanie typu mezzanine jako rozwiązanie pośrednie między emisją akcji a kredytem bankowym
Title	Mezzanine fi nance as the type of fi nancing placed between the shares issue and the bank credit
Słowa kluczowe
Key words
Abstrakt
Abstract	Company in order to grow needs financing. The classic way is to acquire a credit from the bank. This is directly linked with the question of collateral what in case of the company is not the obvious choice. Another classic way of fi nuancing the company is the share issue. This solution is however linked with the question of ownership that is unavoidably diluted with every issue. Sometimes the company is on a excellent path of growth, does not want to disperse ownership, has already used all available asset for a collateral and still needs some capital because of the scale of the project. In this case the solution might be any of private capital sources. The possibility known since the 80’s is “mezzanine finance”. This is financing that combines some features of credit with some features of share issue and comes from the private investors. Because of its collateral, investment time range and the ways of running the company it is perceived to be appropriate for several years large projects generating sizeable and stable cash flows. This is as well a good path of development for the family run businesses where there is no evident heir and the management wishes to take over the company but lacks sufficient capital. Particularly in the times of crisis when the banks impose tight rules on credit policy and the stock exchange investors are reluctant to take any risks the mezzanine finance may be an answer for companies capital needs.
Cytowanie	Juszczyk S., Nagórka A. (2009) Finansowanie typu mezzanine jako rozwiązanie pośrednie między emisją akcji a kredytem bankowym.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 78: 47-58
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n78_s47.pdf

Autor	Mamadou Wague
Tytuł	Międzynarodowe kryzysy gospodarcze i ich konsekwencje
Title	International economic crises and their consequences
Słowa kluczowe
Key words
Abstrakt
Abstract	To rapid economic deterioration in the world economy affected the majority of developing countries by the crisis. It is felt globally by inhibiting investment, limiting access to credit, bankruptcy publishing companies, the increase in unemployment, the destruction of part of the banking sector, the slowdown of international exchange, reducing revenue to the budgets of rich countries, which may lead to a slowdown in the pace of development assistance to developing countries. The concept of economic crisis, it also serves to draw attention to the following fact: the economy depends to a large extent on the possibility of predicting phenomena, which depends to a large extent on the beliefs of people about the state of the economy, and their future. In contrast, the prospect of troubled times or negative expectations may lead to an economic crisis or the speed of its results. According to the researchers the crisis may be different from the previous financial crises for a number of reasons, namely: in the current global economy and lower inflation is better controlled and is an important factor in easing the crisis
Cytowanie	Wague M. (2009) Międzynarodowe kryzysy gospodarcze i ich konsekwencje.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 78: 81-94
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n78_s81.pdf

Autor	Aleksandra Pisarska, Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Gospodarowanie rzeczowymi aktywami trwałymi w przedsiębiorstwach z sektora MSP
Title	Fixed assets management in enterprises of SME sector
Słowa kluczowe
Key words
Abstrakt
Abstract	The paper deals with the analysis of the relationship between efficiency and effectiveness of SME sector enterprises in respect to size of the employment and fixed assets value. The enterprises were characterized by fixed assets diversity and value of investments outlay. The micro enterprises used possessed fixed assets quite effective. Definitely the lowest participation of long term financing was recorded in enterprises which noticed small value of fixed assets. In enterprises which had the highest value of this assets noted profitable situation in aspect of financial liquidity, whereas the lowest was ascertained in group with an average value of this assets. The fixed assets turnover was higher in enterprises which characterized by the lowest level of fixed assets In these group noticed the highest effectiveness of equity capital utilization. The rate on sale, in group divided according to fi xed assets value, remained at relatively similar level, andcould be assessed as low
Cytowanie	Pisarska A., Wasilewski M. (2009) Gospodarowanie rzeczowymi aktywami trwałymi w przedsiębiorstwach z sektora MSP.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 78: 209-221
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n78_s209.pdf

Autor	Joanna Bereżnicka
Tytuł	Dźwignia czy maczuga finansowa w realizacji decyzji inwestycyjnych w gospodarstwie rolniczym
Title	The financial leverage or bludgeon in aspects of investments decision in agriculture farm
Słowa kluczowe
Key words
Abstrakt
Abstract	In article undertook attempt to asses the financial leverage and rate on equity (ROE) in two agriculture farms which differentiate with the level of cash and financing strategy. The elaboration deals with two types of investments: purchase of a cropland area and animals, which were supported by preferential credit from Agency of Restructuring and Modernization of Agriculture (ARMA). The conducted research indicated that the level of cash did not affected the level of obtain financial leverage, whereas it was necessary to take advantage from foreign capital used in farm activity. The survey confirmed that farmers should not postpone investments because it had negative influence on the level of possible losses
Cytowanie	Bereżnicka J. (2009) Dźwignia czy maczuga finansowa w realizacji decyzji inwestycyjnych w gospodarstwie rolniczym.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 78: 237-247
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n78_s237.pdf

Autor	Jan Hybel
Tytuł	Wpływ bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych na rynek pracy w Polsce w latach 2000–2007
Title	The influence of foreign direct investments on the labour market in Poland in the years 2000–2007
Słowa kluczowe
Key words
Abstrakt
Abstract	The develop of foreign direct investments (FDI) in Poland in 2000–2007 and their influence on creating the places of the work and enlargement productivity of labour are presented in this article. In the first part of the paper was presented analyze of dynamics level and structure FDI and their spacing location. Moreover, size and structure employment and productivity labour with part of foreign capital was presented. The main conclusion from this analyze is positive influence FDI on increase employment and level of efficiency and high regional diversification. The most number of work places was created in heavy economics (strong economically regions), mainly in voivodships: mazowieckie, wielkopolskie i dolnośląskie.
Cytowanie	Hybel J. (2009) Wpływ bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych na rynek pracy w Polsce w latach 2000–2007.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 79: 75-83
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n79_s75.pdf

Autor	Aleksandra Pisarska, Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Zarządzanie środkami trwałymi w małych i średnich przedsiębiorstwach z regionu świętokrzyskiego
Title	The fixed assets management in small and medium size enterprises in Świętokrzyski region
Słowa kluczowe
Key words
Abstrakt
Abstract	The elaboration estimates the managers opinion from small and medium size enterprises in Świętokrzyski region take into account management and investments in fixed assets. Most of the enterprises noted increasing productive potential as well as development. The research period were characterized by significant increase of equipment and machine participation in assets structure of these enterprises. This is positive trend reflected in profitable tendency increase companies operation potential by fixed assets. The main source of financing the fixed assets was the equity capital. The managers have been guided by the level of cash during a selection of financial resources. The enterprises managers were planning enhancing the level of fixed assets equipment, through equity capital involvement, which is simply safer.
Cytowanie	Pisarska A., Wasilewski M. (2009) Zarządzanie środkami trwałymi w małych i średnich przedsiębiorstwach z regionu świętokrzyskiego.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 79: 137-148
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n79_s137.pdf

Autor	Katarzyna Banasiak
Tytuł	Modele kryzysów walutowych
Title	Models of currency crises
Słowa kluczowe
Key words
Abstrakt
Abstract	The article describes and characterizes the models of currency crises. The presentation of the first-generation model is based on the crisis in Latin America, the second-generation model based on the crisis of European Monetary System and the Asian crisis exemplifi es the third-generation model. The article demonstrates a non-zero-sum game which displays the role of the currency reserves. It is shown that the level of the currency reserves has an impast on both the probability of potential speculative attack and the investors’ way of thinking, as well as their investment strategies.
Cytowanie	Banasiak K. (2009) Modele kryzysów walutowych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 80: 69-82
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n80_s69.pdf

Autor	Gabriel Główka
Tytuł	Finansowanie inwestycji jednostek samorządu terytorialnego kredytem bankowym
Title	Bank credit in fi nancing of local government investments
Słowa kluczowe
Key words
Abstrakt
Abstract	The aim of the paper is the evaluation of the scope, tendencies and terms of financing by bank credits the investments which are undertaken by local governments. The analyses showed that dynamics of bank debt of local governments is high. The structure of debt indicates that local government entities take mainly investment credits. They can borrow from international financial institutions like World Bank or European Bank of Development and Reconstruction or domestic banks: universal and mortgage banks. The universal banks dominate on investment credit market. However, the growth of activity of mortgage banks is observed The rate of growth of self governments entities debt in mortgage banks is high, although, their share in total debt is stable and one digital.
Cytowanie	Główka G. (2009) Finansowanie inwestycji jednostek samorządu terytorialnego kredytem bankowym.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 80: 83-95
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n80_s83.pdf

Autor	Alexander Boldak, Maria Pestis, Paul Pestis, Dmitry Rudenko, Elena Rudenko
Tytuł	Agroecotourism development in the Republic of Belarus
Title	Agroecotourism development in the Republic of Belarus
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	agroecotourism, development, international tourist trips, Neman region, Augustov canal
Abstrakt
Abstract	Agroecotourism is becoming the most dynamical branch of the world tourist industry. The Republic of Belarus has inexhaustible potential for the development of agroecotourism. It promotes a steady development of rural regions, raises well-being of its inhabitants by attracting investments, creates modern social infrastructure and new work places, contributes to the achievement of social and cultural purposes. Agroecotourism is considered to be an important component of a successful realization of the ‘State Program for the Revival and Development of the Countryside in the Republic of Belarus for 2005-2010’. The problem is that the agrotouristic enterprises have not enough money to increase the scale of realization of basic concepts and models stipulated by the National Program. Maintaining and developing the natural and human potential of Belarus will require making the agroecotourism a profitable branch of the agrarian sector of economy.
Cytowanie	Boldak A., Pestis M., Pestis P., Rudenko D., Rudenko E. (2009) .Scientific Journal Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW - Problems of World Agriculture, t. 6(21), z. : 5-9
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	PRS_2009_T6(21)_n_s5.pdf