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Autor	Anna Świrska
Tytuł	Subwencje jako źródło dochodów gminy
Title	SUBVENTIONS AS A SOURCE OF COMMUNITY’S INCOMES
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Abstract	General subvention granted in Poland constitutes one of basic sources of incomes for local districts authorities – communities. In some cases it becomes the major income allotted for completion of local tasks. The general subvention in Poland consists of three elements, which are: compensation subvention, education subvention and balance subvention. These are regulated by the different regulations, i.e. Local District Authorities Income Act from 13th November 2003 and ordinances of the Minister of Finance. The major aim of the subvention is to supplement local own incomes, particularly when these incomes are not sufficient to carry out local authorities’ projects. However there appear some nuances which cast doubt on subvention’s effectiveness.
Cytowanie	Świrska A. (2008) Subwencje jako źródło dochodów gminy.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 65: 167-180
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2008_n65_s167.pdf

Autor	Anna Kobiałka
Tytuł	Sytuacja dochodowa gmin województwa lubelskiego w latach 1999–2005
Title	INCOME SITUATION OF COMMUNES FROM LUBLIN REGION IN 1999–2005
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Abstract	The paper aims to analyze the income situation of communes from Lublin region. The analysis have been made for the period 1999–2005. Special attention is paid to present the situation of rural communes with comparison to other types of communes from the region. The analysis show that rural communes are in majority in Lublin region. Their both economic and financial situation are far worse than other types of communes. Accordingly they have greater financial needs in order to fulfill tasks aiming to improve living conditions of their inhabitants
Cytowanie	Kobiałka A. (2008) Sytuacja dochodowa gmin województwa lubelskiego w latach 1999–2005.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 65: 189-200
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2008_n65_s189.pdf

Autor	Małgorzata Winter
Tytuł	Status administracyjny gminy a podatkowe uwarunkowania rozwoju agroturystyki
Title	ADMINISTRATIVE STATUS OF A COMMUNITY VS. TAX DETERMINANTS OF AGRO-TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
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Abstract	The paper aims to present the current taxation regulations applied to the agro-tourism activity. It argues that the administrative status of a community influences the taxation of the agro-tourism activity located at its area. In consequence, it might also influences the interest of farmers, for whom agro-tourism is a main source of income. Simultaneously, the paper shows how the activity of a local community might influence tax determinants of agro-tourism development. The analysis will be made on the example of the Szczawnica community
Cytowanie	Winter M. (2008) Status administracyjny gminy a podatkowe uwarunkowania rozwoju agroturystyki.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 65: 211-218
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2008_n65_s211.pdf

Autor	Katarzyna Trzpioła
Tytuł	Agroturystyka czy działalność gospodarcza na terenie wiejskim – dylematy przedsiębiorcy ubiegającego się o wsparcie unijne na przykładzie uczestniczek projektu Nowe Kwalifi kacje Kobiet
Title	AGRO-TOURISM OR REGISTERED BUSINESS ACTIVITY AT RURAL AREA – DILEMMA OF ENTREPRENEUR APPLYING FOR EU FOUNDS ON THE EXAMPLE OF PARTICIPANTS OF THE PROJECT “WOMEN’S’ NEW QUALIFICATIONS
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Abstract	The paper presents the information which form of income taxation could be applied to the economic activity of renting a room at agricultural farm. Under the project entitled Women’s New Qualifications some participants decided to apply for European Union’s founds in order to start up a business. To get resources necessary to initiate renting rooms at their farms they applied to The Polish Chamber of Commerce, responsible for founds’ granting. However to receive the support they have to fulfill certain requirements. One of them was unfavorable form of taxation. The paper analysis the consequences of participants’ decisions
Cytowanie	Trzpioła K. (2008) Agroturystyka czy działalność gospodarcza na terenie wiejskim – dylematy przedsiębiorcy ubiegającego się o wsparcie unijne na przykładzie uczestniczek projektu Nowe Kwalifi kacje Kobiet.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 65: 219-230
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2008_n65_s219.pdf

Autor	Małgorzata Hybka
Tytuł	Władztwo podatkowe i jego wpływ na strukturę dochodów budżetowych gmin w Niemczech
Title	TAX GOVERNMENT AND ITS INFLUENCE OF THE STRUCTURE OF BUDGET INCOMES OF COMMUNITIES IN GERMANY
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Abstract	German communities belong to the administrative structure of the Länder and are subject to their supervision. However, the article 28 of The German Constitution guarantees the municipalities in this country local autonomy by granting them the right to manage all their affairs on their own responsibility. The right of self-government also includes responsibility for financial matters. The basic aim of this article is to present the scope of municipal tax autonomy and its influence on the structure of incomes collected by local-governments in Germany. The author emphasizes among other things the fact, that there exist considerable differences in the incomes sources between the former East and West Germany. The revenues of West German municipalities are composed mainly of taxes, fees and contributions, while the basic source of revenue for eastern communities are the federal and state grants
Cytowanie	Hybka M. (2008) Władztwo podatkowe i jego wpływ na strukturę dochodów budżetowych gmin w Niemczech.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 65: 231-241
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2008_n65_s231.pdf

Autor	Agnieszka Bobola
Tytuł	Źródła finansowania rolniczych ubezpieczeń społecznych w latach 1999–2006
Title	FUNDING SOURCES OF SOCIAL INSURANCE FOR FARMERS IN 1999–2006
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Abstract	The paper aims to present principles of Agricultural Social Insurance Found (KRUS) funding. There were analyzed the sources of funding for Pension, Prevention and Rehabilitation as well as Administrative KRUS funds. The investigations of funding sources (incomes) were based on analyses of the structure, dynamics and changes of face values
Cytowanie	Bobola A. (2008) Źródła finansowania rolniczych ubezpieczeń społecznych w latach 1999–2006.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 65: 243-255
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2008_n65_s243.pdf

Autor	Kinga Gruziel
Tytuł	Możliwości wprowadzenia podatku dochodowego w rolnictwie w opiniach rolników indywidualnych
Title	PROSPECTS FOR INTRODUCING INCOME TAX ON AGRICULTURE ACCORDING TO INDIVIDUAL FARMERS’ OPINIOns
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Abstract	The paper presents individual farmers’ opinions concerning some suggestions on imposing income tax on agriculture. Assumptions and results of this tax implementation were assessed. Research results indicate that farmers generally are not definitive opponents of the income tax introduction into Polish agricultural sector. However, farmers judged this proposition as being unbeneficial for them mostly since complicated tax settlements and potential inspections by the tax offices. Moreover, they are willing to accept potentially lowest tax rate on their earned income without subtracting the costs of farmer’s own labor and of farm family labor. Farmers perceived potential advantages of the agricultural income tax introduction such as tax relieves and tax exemptions, as well as exclusion of some quasi-farmers from the system. Farmers were also in favour about concept of progressive income-tax and lump-sum tax with lower rates
Cytowanie	Gruziel K. (2008) Możliwości wprowadzenia podatku dochodowego w rolnictwie w opiniach rolników indywidualnych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 66: 97-112
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2008_n66_s97.pdf

Autor	Adam Marcysiak, Agata Marcysiak
Tytuł	Zakres zróżnicowania poziomu dochodów z gospodarstwa rolnego w układzie regionalnym
Title	RANGE OF DIFFERENTIATION INCOMES LEVEL OF AN AGRICULTURAL FARM IN REGIONAL SCHEME
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Abstract	The aim of the paper is painting differentiation of incomes level of an agricultural farm in regional scheme. The main economic category is farm income. The calculation of that category is done by a method use at European Farm Accountancy Date Network (FADN). The highest level of farm income was gained in Pomorze and Mazury region. Małopolska and Pogórze had the lowest level of farm income. It was a result of the differentiation of the agrarian structure of Polish agriculture
Cytowanie	Marcysiak A., Marcysiak A. (2008) Zakres zróżnicowania poziomu dochodów z gospodarstwa rolnego w układzie regionalnym.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 67: 25-31
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2008_n67_s25.pdf

Autor	Dariusz Kusz
Tytuł	Inwestycje rzeczowe w wybranych gospodarstwach rolniczych o różnych kierunkach gospodarczych
Title	TANGIBLE INVESTMENTS IN SELECTED FARMS WITH DIFFERENT RANGE OF PRODUCTION
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Abstract	This study presents and evaluates investment activity regarding fixed assets in selected farms with different range of production. It has been stated that the main reasons to invest in selected farms were: improvement of production quality, reduction of costs, improvement of organization of production, increase of income and in swine and milk farms – increase of the volume of production. Those reasons of investments may prove the need to strengthen the market position as well as to improve the financial position of examined farms. Realized tangible investments aimed mainly for modernization and development and part of them had reconstructive character. The character of investments together with the investment reasons may show that the main investment targets are: the cost reduction, increase of production capacity and improvement of financial situation
Cytowanie	Kusz D. (2008) Inwestycje rzeczowe w wybranych gospodarstwach rolniczych o różnych kierunkach gospodarczych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 67: 33-44
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2008_n67_s33.pdf

Autor	Piotr Bórawski
Tytuł	Wielkość ekonomiczna jako czynnik różnicujący wyniki produkcyjne i ekonomiczne gospodarstw rolnych w regionie Pomorza i Mazur
Title	ECONOMIC SIZE AS A DIFERENTIATING FACTOR OF PRODUCTION AND ECONOMIC RESULTS OF AGRICULTURAL FARMS IN POMORZE AND MAZURY REGION
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Abstract	Production and economic results according to economic sixe ESU in Pomorze and Mazury region were presented in the paper. The number of farms has incresed in all farms groups in the analyzed period. The value of production has decresed in following farms: very small, average-small, average-large and large in 2004–2006 years. But, the production has incresed in very large farms in 2004–2006 years. The economic results has increased in almost all types of farms. The decrese of economic results was observed in large farms. During to survey it was observed the increse of production calculated per farm anf 1 ha farmland. It was the result of production efficiency improvement and increse of animals. The income calculated per 1 employed person has incresed as the results of work hire in the farms
Cytowanie	Bórawski P. (2008) Wielkość ekonomiczna jako czynnik różnicujący wyniki produkcyjne i ekonomiczne gospodarstw rolnych w regionie Pomorza i Mazur.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 67: 45-55
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2008_n67_s45.pdf

Autor	Piotr Sulewski
Tytuł	Bariery i możliwości rozwoju gospodarstw rolnych w opiniach ich właścicieli
Title	BARRIERS AND CHANCES FOR FARM DEVELOPMENT IN FARMERS’ OPINIONS
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Abstract	In the paper farmers opinions about barriers and chances for farm’s development have been presented. The study was conducted on sample of 100 family farms. The main problem for a large majority of farms was low profitability of agricultural production. One third of the farmers indicated that they did not see any chance for development. The farmer’s opinions off their own farms were diversified depending on farms size and agricultural income
Cytowanie	Sulewski P. (2008) Bariery i możliwości rozwoju gospodarstw rolnych w opiniach ich właścicieli.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 67: 67-78
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2008_n67_s67.pdf

Autor	Grażyna Karmowska
Tytuł	Kierunki zmian w indywidualnych gospodarstwach rolnych województwa zachodniopomorskiego w latach 2004–2006
Title	DIRECTIONS OF VARIATIONS IN HOUSEHOLDS IN ZACHODNIOPOMORSKIE PROVINCE IN YEARS 2004–2006
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Abstract	Elaboration describes statistical analysis of variations in family households in years 2004–2006. Economic value, production value, costs, farm income, credits and investments were analyzed. Gauges like arithmetical average, interval of trust, variation factor and chain index for dynamics research were applied. All researched values showed growth of average quality and a very high changeability (between 170–500%). This indicates a very high variation between examinated households.
Cytowanie	Karmowska G. (2008) Kierunki zmian w indywidualnych gospodarstwach rolnych województwa zachodniopomorskiego w latach 2004–2006.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 67: 87-96
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2008_n67_s87.pdf

Autor	Adam Marcysiak, Agata Marcysiak
Tytuł	Zakres oddziaływania płatności dla obszarów o niekorzystnych warunkach gospodarowania na wyniki ekonomiczne gospodarstw
Title	THE RANGE OF INFLUENCE PAYMENTS FOR THE AREAS WITH DISADVANTAGEOUS MANAGEMENT CONDITIONS ON ECONOMIC RESULT OF FARM
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Abstract	The equalization payments assigning for the areas with disadvantageous management conditions are supposed to counteract rural areas depopulation and vanishing their rural character. The average amount of that payment in the investigated farms is 1337 zl. The biggest share of ONW (Disadvantageous Management Conditions) payments in farm income was noticed in the smallest farms.
Cytowanie	Marcysiak A., Marcysiak A. (2008) Zakres oddziaływania płatności dla obszarów o niekorzystnych warunkach gospodarowania na wyniki ekonomiczne gospodarstw.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 68: 127-133
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2008_n68_s127.pdf

Autor	Kinga Gruziel
Tytuł	Podatek rolny jako obciążenie indywidualnych gospodarstw rolniczych
Title	Agricultural tax burden on individual holdings
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Abstract	In the paper agricultural tax burden on individual holdings type “dairy cattle” and “granivores”, situated in the regions of FADN Wielkopolska and Śląsk as well as Mazowsze and Podlasie is presented. The greatest amount of agrarian tax is charged on households with area above 25 hectares of the farming type “granivores” from the region of Wielkopolska and Śląsk. The higher relationship between agrarian tax and general level of costs, the financial costs and the incomes from the family agricultural household confirm the greater charging of the smallest-surface agricultural farms with the agrarian tax, within the both farming types
Cytowanie	Gruziel K. (2008) Podatek rolny jako obciążenie indywidualnych gospodarstw rolniczych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 69: 17-29
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2008_n69_s17.pdf

Autor	Agnieszka Deresz, Marian Podstawka
Tytuł	Podatek dochodowy od osób fi zycznych: progresywny czy proporcjonalny?
Title	Income Tax on Individuals: Progressive or Proportionate?
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Abstract	The current system of income tax on individuals was created in the period 1991–1994. At that time it was considered to be a modern and coherent system that met economic needs. However, numerous changes arising as a result of budgetary needs meant that the system became unduly complex and unmanageable. The introduction of a single flat rate tax in Poland is very controversial. It has divided opinion, especially that of economists, politicians and society as a whole. Both sides of the argument point out the advantages and disadvantages of applying one tax rate regardless of total income of individuals. The aim of this article is to highlight these issues in economic and social terms as well as discussing how the organization and administration of the tax system can be streamlined. The study consists of an introduction and four parts. In the first one, the main concept of taxes is presented. The second one is devoted to tax justice and the third part to tax refunds which are one of the elements of the tax system. The last part outlines the main problems connected with, and the influence of social inequality on economic growth.
Cytowanie	Deresz A., Podstawka M. (2008) Podatek dochodowy od osób fi zycznych: progresywny czy proporcjonalny?.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 71: 67-83
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2008_n71_s67.pdf

Autor	Barbara Perepeczko
Tytuł	Zróżnicowanie zjawiska zarobkowych migracji zagranicznych ludności wiejskiej
Title	Diversity of International Economic Migrations Phenomenon of Rural Population
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Abstract	Huge surplus of labour force and the lack of satisfactory incomes cause rural population to searching for earnings in foreign countries. The dynamics of international economic migrations of rural population is significant and became the form of income diversity. The scale, structure and impacts of that complex and regionally diverse phenomenon are very hard to catch, which is probably the reason of weak interest of economists. On the basis of sociological research conducted in three villages from the regions of the highest intensity of international migration the author states that international migrations from the village situated in Opolskie are more often the choice and fixed strategy of rural families, migrations from the village situated in Podlasie are more often necessity caused by weakness of local labour market and worse human capital of villagers and worse material situation of families. People from villages of Podkarpackie, who work abroad, with regard to non-agricultural qualifications and increase of chances of getting better paid jobs can choose return and reverse tendency of migrations from that region
Cytowanie	Perepeczko B. (2008) Zróżnicowanie zjawiska zarobkowych migracji zagranicznych ludności wiejskiej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 72: 65-73
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2008_n72_s65.pdf

Autor	Kinga Gruziel
Tytuł	Konsekwencje finansowe wprowadzenia podatku dochodowego w indywidualnych gospodarstwach rolniczych
Title	Financial Consequences of Income Tax in Individual Farms Introducing
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Abstract	In the study an attempt at describing financial consequences of income tax introducing in individual farms situated in FADN regions Wielkopolska i Śląsk and Mazowsze i Podlasie was made. The highest profits from income tax introducing were stated in agricultural farms type “crops” and “crops and various animals”. The highest burden from income tax introducing for hectare of arable land would occurred in agricultural farms type “granivores” especially of the area 5–15 hectares of arable land
Cytowanie	Gruziel K. (2008) Konsekwencje finansowe wprowadzenia podatku dochodowego w indywidualnych gospodarstwach rolniczych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 72: 91-105
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2008_n72_s91.pdf

Autor	Monika Utzig
Tytuł	Funkcje konsumpcji w krajach Unii Europejskiej
Title	Consumption Functions in Countries of the European Union
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Abstract	In the paper estimation of consumption functions of the European Union’s countries assuming three forms of consumption functions were presented: 1. Simple consumption function in the form proposed by Keynes. 2. Consumption function consistent with the life-cycle hypothesis by Ando and Modigliani. 3. Consumption function consistent with the theory of permanent income of Friedman. Equations of the consumption were estimated on the basis of Eurostat macroeconomic data concerning years 1995–2007. In all the models marginal propensity to consume turned out to be statistically significant
Cytowanie	Utzig M. (2008) Funkcje konsumpcji w krajach Unii Europejskiej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 72: 131-144
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2008_n72_s131.pdf

Autor	Paweł Kobus
Tytuł	The impact of EU enlargement on the agricultural output and income in the member states
Title	The impact of EU enlargement on the agricultural output and income in the member states
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Key words	EU enlargement, agricultural output, mixed linear model
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Abstract	The paper presents an analysis of the impact of the EU enlargement in 2004 on the agricultural output and incomes of the EU Member States. The main aim of the study is to test the significance of difference of reaction to enlargement in three distinct groups of members, namely the ‘old’ fifteen Member States, the ‘new’ ten Member States which accessed the EU on May 1st 2004, and the two ‘newest’ Member States, i.e. Romania and Bulgaria which accessed the EU on January 1st 2007. For the purpose of description of different countries behaviour a linear mixed model was applied.
Cytowanie	Kobus P. (2008) .Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 3(18), z. : 32-39
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2008_T3(18)_n_s32.pdf

Autor	Adam Marcysiak, Agata Marcysiak
Tytuł	Typ rolniczy jako czynnik różnicujący poziom wsparcia gospodarstw środkami UE
Title	Agricultural type as a factor differentiating the level of farm support from the EU’s funds
Słowa kluczowe	typ rolniczy, płatności bezpośrednie, płatności dla obszarów o niekorzystnych
Key words	agricultural type, direct payments, payments with the less favoured areas (LFAs)
Abstrakt	Celem niniejszego opracowania jest próba ukazania zakresu oddziaływania typu rolniczego jako czynnika różnicującego poziom wsparcia gospodarstw środkami UE. Szczegółowej analizie poddano płatności bezpośrednie i płatności dla obszarów o niekorzystnych warunkach gospodarowania (ONW). Ich wielkość rozpatrywano w relacji do dochodu z gospodarstwa rolniczego.
Abstract	The purpose of this study is an attempt to show the range of effect an agricultural type of farm has as a factor differentiating the level of farm support from the EU’s funds. Direct payments and payments for the less favoured areas (LFAs) were analyzed in detail. Their amount was considered in relation to the farm income
Cytowanie	Marcysiak A., Marcysiak A. (2008) Typ rolniczy jako czynnik różnicujący poziom wsparcia gospodarstw środkami UE.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 5(20), z. : 50-58
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2008_T5(20)_n_s50.pdf