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Autor	Agieszka Parlińska
Tytuł	Wyzwania e-learningu w czasie pandemii w Polsce
Title	E-LEARNING CHALLENGES IN POLAND DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Słowa kluczowe	COVID-19, e-learning, nauczanie na odległość, edukacja zdalna
Key words	COVID-19, e-learning, distance learning, remote education
Abstrakt	Głównym celem pracy było ukazanie konieczności podjęcia nowych wyzwań w edukacji z wykorzystaniem metod e-learningowych w Polsce w latach 2019-2021. Nowym podejściem oraz celem i wartością dodaną opracowania było wzbogacenie wiedzy na temat wykorzystania nowych metod dydaktycznych i badawczych w sytuacji pandemii, ale także po niej.Do realizacji celu wykorzystano metodę analizy i krytyki literatury, a także analizę wskaźnikową opartą na danych historycznych z GUS, EUROSTATU i obserwacji własnej.Przeprowadzone badania pozwoliły na sformułowanie kilku wniosków związanych z czynnikami wpływającymi na e-learning, takimi jak dostęp do Internetu, stosowane narzędzia oraz kompetencje cyfrowe nauczycieli i uczniów. Przedstawiono również krótką analizę SWOT, co jest kluczowe dla przyszłości e-learningu.
Abstract	The main objective of the paper is to show the new challenges for education that arose inPoland from 2019-2021, and the use of e-learning methods. This new approach, and the purposeand added value of this study, is to enrich the knowledge of the use of new teaching and researchmethods gained during the Covid-19 pandemic and applicability to pandemics generally, as wellas continued use of these methods afterwards..To achieve the objective, the method of literature analysis and critique was used, as well as aratio analysis based on historical data from Statistics Poland (GUS), EUROSTAT and the author’sown first-hand observations as a university educator.The research results helped to formulate several conclusions regarding the factors whichinfluence effective e-learning, such as: internet access and quality; the availability of adequatesoftware, hardware and other tools; and the digital competence of teachers and students. A shortSWOT analyse is also presented to highlight key considerations that are crucial for the future of elearning.
Cytowanie	Parlińska A. (2022) Wyzwania e-learningu w czasie pandemii w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 27(76): 80-88
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2022_n76_s80.pdf

Autor	Małgorzata Garstka
Tytuł	Dostęp do informacji finansowej w następstwie zmian wielkości przedsiębiorstw spowodowanych kryzysem COVID-19
Title	ACCESSIBILITY OF FINANCIAL INFORMATION IN RELATION TO CHANGES IN SIZE OF ENTITIES CAUSED BY THE COVID‐19 CRISIS
Słowa kluczowe	MSP, informacja finansowa, jakość informacji, sprawozdanie finansowe
Key words	SMEs, financial information, quality of information, financial statement
Abstrakt	Konsekwencje pandemii wirusa Covid-19 dla jakości i zakresu informacji finansowej generowanej przez rachunkowość są złożone. Zakres sprawozdania finansowego oraz obowiązek badania zależą od klasyfikacji jednostek dokonywanej ze względu na ich wielkość. Zakres ten jest węższy dla jednostek małych i mikro. Kryzys może wpłynąć na wielkość podmiotów, a tym samym na ich miejsce w tej klasyfikacji i zakres ujawnianych przez nie informacji. Celem jest wstępna weryfikacja tego czy - jeśli po pandemii nadal będzie takie zapotrzebowanie na informacje jak dawniej, zostanie ono zaspokojone. Dostęp do informacji wiąże się z poziomem bezpieczeństwa prowadzenia działalności gospodarczej. Rozwiązaniem problemu braku wystarczającej informacji może być wprowadzenie zmian w kryteriach zaliczania podmiotów do MSP oraz w obowiązku badania sprawozdań finansowych. Zastosowana metodologia to analiza regulacji i wnioskowanie. Pozwoliła ona stwierdzić, że skutki pandemii w postaci rosnącej liczby jednostek mikro i małych mogą ograniczyć dostęp do informacji. Wartością dodaną artykułu jest wskazanie i uzasadnienie potrzeby weryfikacji kryteriów klasyfikacji jednostek.
Abstract	The consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic on the quality and scope of financialinformation prepared by accounting are complex. The scope of the financial statement and theobligation to audit depend on the classification of units based on their size. The required scope isnarrower for micro and small entities than it is for larger organizations. The crisis may haveinfluenced the size of entities and by that their classification and the scope of information that theyneed to disclose. The goal of this article is to verify whether post-pandemic demands forinformation, assuming it will be the same as pre-pandemic, can be fulfilled. The accessibility ofinformation is connected with the level of security of engaging in business activities. Makingchanges in the criteria of an entity’s inclusion as an SME and in its obligation to audit can be onesolution for the problem of insufficient information. The methodology used in this study is analysisof regulations and deductive reasoning. It showed that the effects of the pandemic, particularly theincrease in the number of micro and small entities, can limit the accessibility of information. Thisarticle contributes to the scientific literature by displaying and justifying the need to verify theclassification criteria of businesses and other entities.
Cytowanie	Garstka M. (2022) Dostęp do informacji finansowej w następstwie zmian wielkości przedsiębiorstw spowodowanych kryzysem COVID-19.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 27(76): 30-42
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2022_n76_s30.pdf

Autor	Elwira Laskowska, Kamil Stefański
Tytuł	Determinanty zróżnicowania regionalnego cen gruntów rolnych w Polsce
Title	Determinants of Regional Differentiation of Agricultural Land Prices in Poland
Słowa kluczowe	cena gruntów rolnych, zróżnicowanie regionalne, Polska
Key words	price of agricultural land, regional differentiation, Poland
Abstrakt	Celem badań zaprezentowanych w niniejszym artykule była próba wyjaśnienia regionalnego zróżnicowania cen gruntów ornych w Polsce w 2018 roku w aspekcie uwarunkowań przyrodniczo-ekonomicznych, wynikających zarówno z czynników charakteryzujących wielkość, strukturę i jakość gruntów, jak również poziomu rozwoju gospodarczego i potencjału rolniczego poszczególnych województw. W badaniach zastosowano analizę jakościową i ilościową danych statystycznych GUS. Wyniki przeprowadzonej analizy potwierdziły zróżnicowanie regionalne uwarunkowań przyrodniczo-ekonomicznych oraz poziomu cen i czynszów dzierżawnych na rynku gruntów rolnych w Polsce. Wśród zmiennych wyjaśniających zróżnicowanie cen gruntów znalazły się wskaźniki charakteryzujące jakość zasobu gruntów rolnych, ich dochodowość oraz potencjał rolniczy danego regionu.
Abstract	The aim of the research presented in this article was an attempt to explain the regional differentiation of arable land prices in 2018 in terms of natural and economic conditions, resulting both from factors characterizing the size, structure and quality of land, as well as the level of economic development and agricultural potential of individual voivodeships. The research used qualitative and quantitative analysis of Polish Statistical Office data. The results of the analysis carried out confirmed the regional differentiation of natural and economic conditions as well as the level of prices and rents on the agricultural land market in Poland. The variables explaining the differentiation in land prices include indicators characterizing the quality of the agricultural land resource, its profitability and the agricultural potential of a given region.
Cytowanie	Laskowska E., Stefański K. (2021) Determinanty zróżnicowania regionalnego cen gruntów rolnych w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 21(36), z. 3: 41-54
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2021_T21(36)_n3_s41.pdf

Autor	Kinga Smolińska
Tytuł	The functioning of the local group of actions “Brama Lubuska”in thre opinion of residents of member communes
Title
Słowa kluczowe	Local Action Group, local development, Leader, rural areas, counties
Key words
Abstrakt	The aim of the article is to present the level of knowledge about the Leaderprogramme and the Local Action Group among the inhabitants of the LAG “Brama Lubuska” areaconsisting of 14 member communes. The study was carried out by means of a questionnairesurvey on a sample of 200 inhabitants of communes comprising the LAG “Brama Lubuska” in2015 and 2020. Most of the inhabitants have heard about the Leader programme and the LocalAction Group. In addition, respondents are positive about the group’s initiative and activities.It is possible to notice an increase in satisfaction with the quality of advice provided at theLAG headquarters. The inhabitants are beginning to notice the undertakings carried out underthe Leader initiative in the area of member communes. As the main source of information onthe LAG and Leader, the respondents indicate the media, leaflets and information received incommune offices.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Smolińska K.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2021_n15_s105.pdf

Autor	Agata Balińska, Wioletta Olejniczak
Tytuł	CERTIFICATION OF HIGH-QUALITY FOOD PRODUCTSIN THE PERCEPTION OF STUDENTS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	food products, high quality, certification
Key words
Abstrakt	This study aimed to investigate the perception of high-quality food products by young consumers, theirrecognition of logos assigned to registered products, and their experience in purchasing this type of product.The study involved desk research, computer-assisted web interviews (CAWI), and observation. The resultsof the survey conducted on a sample of 329 students of Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW) showedthat the respondents’ recognition of high-quality food products was low. More than half of the respondentsdeclared that they do not pay attention to labels when shopping for food, while those who buy certified foodproducts indicated the following reasons: curiosity, promotion, or loyalty to a specific product. Almost one infour respondents declared that they do not buy imitations of original products covered by the registration.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Balińska A., Olejniczak W.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2021_n5_s15.pdf

Autor	Vladimír Fuga, Elena Horska
Tytuł	DUAL FOOD QUALITY IN SLOVAKIA VERSUS EUROPEAN STATES: ARE CUSTOMERS CONCERNED?
Title
Słowa kluczowe	dual quality, product, customers preferences, food
Key words
Abstrakt	Recently, the topic of dual food quality has been intensively discussed in the media, as well as becoming an issue for European Union institutions. In the presented work, we answer the question of whether the topic of dual food quality is just as interesting for consumers as it is for the media and politicians. In March 2018, a questionnaire survey was conducted on the quality and availability of local foods. A total of 1 984 respondents answered, with 1 224 of them taking the opportunity to answer a general open question regarding the quality and choice of food. Almost 22% of respondents expressed satisfaction with the quality of local foods. Moreover, about 32% expressed a desire for a wider selection of goods with no complaint about quality. The wording of the answers expresses remarkably high confidence in local foods. Only 36 respondents mentioned foods of foreign origin. Opinions on foreign food were either positive, neutral, or negative. Consumer comments have shown that they do not perceive differences in food quality as an issue of interest. Furthermore, it is not possible to unequivocally say whether foreign products are perceived as of higher or lower quality. We recommend repeating a similar survey while the idea of dual quality is not instilled in the respondent during the survey. A similar survey can be conducted in other European countries as wel
Abstract
Cytowanie	Fuga V., Horska E.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2021_n5_s39.pdf

Autor	Rolan Albornoz, Stanislava Kontsevaya, Svetlana Kontsevaya, Luboš Smutka
Tytuł	METHODOLOGY FOR ESTIMATION THE EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURAL LAND IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Title
Słowa kluczowe	land assets, economic efficiency, ecological efficiency, criteria, methods, soil quality
Key words
Abstrakt	Paper devoted estimation of the efficiency of agricultural land in the Russian Federation. Land is the main production factor in agriculture, hence it is important to know the effective usage of land. Land efficiency could be evaluated in different ways. In this paper, it was suggested to use as factors – feed units received from 1 ha arable land, amount of growing production in fair price in 1 ha, gross and net profit per 1 ha. Also, methodology suggested calculating potential yield and the potential cost of arable land, using a score of soil quality. The paper aims to suggest a methodology of economic efficiency. Case study base on agricultural company Kolos, Russia.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Albornoz R., Kontsevaya S., Kontsevaya S., Smutka L.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2021_n5_s56.pdf

Autor	Anna Makuch, Anna Tatarczak
Tytuł	COMPARISON OF THE LIFE STANDARDS OF INHABITANTS IN EASTERN AND WESTERN POLAND
Title
Słowa kluczowe	living standard, multi-dimensional statistical analysis, Hellwig’s synthetic measure
Key words
Abstrakt	The main aim of the study is to analyse and compare the quality of life of the inhabitants of eastern and western Poland. This is accomplished by investigating whether the division of Poland into ʽPoland A’ and ʽPoland B’, which has been the norm for years, is valid. The spatial scope applies to all voivodeships. The criterion for the division of eastern and western Poland was adopted based on the historical division along the Vistula river. The characteristics used in the analysis described: education, access to medical care, health, safety, housing, the labour market, culture, and material resources. The period examined in the study covers the years 2005–2015. The study used Ward’s and taxonomic methods, in particular the Hellwig’s method.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Makuch A., Tatarczak A.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2021_n5_s82.pdf

Autor	Taras Hutsol, Vitalii Kovalenko, Nataliia Kovalenko, Michal Zasada
Tytuł	Economic efficiency of production of herbal granules
Title
Słowa kluczowe	managerial decision making, feed production, the efficiency of the production ofgranulated feed
Key words
Abstrakt	Improving production efficiency, increasing gross and marketable output is inextricablylinked to comprehensive intensification, that is, with the growth of additional investmentsin the development of agricultural production. The increase in capital investments isthe basis for strengthening and improving the material and technical base, and for implementingscientific and technological progress. Increasing the intensity of agriculture and animalhusbandry contributes to more efficient use of land and livestock, increasing crop yields andlivestock productivity. The main link between crop production and animal husbandry is feedproduction. Creating a solid feed base is the most important condition for the development ofanimal husbandry. Its state and level of development determine the possibility of increasingthe number of animals, increasing their productivity, improving the quality of products andreducing the cost of the latter. It is proved that the level of productivity of animals by 50-80%is determined by their feeding. Due to the importance of feed, it is necessary that their productionis ahead of the pace of needs (growth of livestock and its productivity). When forminga feed base, it is important to take into account not only the total volume of feed that willensure the production of a certain amount of products, but also their balance with nutrients.As a rule, feed, namely green feed, silage, haylage, is not a commodity product, that is, thereare no permanent markets for them. These types of feed are grown by those farms that areengaged in animal husbandry and must create their own raw material base for obtaining themain feed.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Hutsol T., Kovalenko V., Kovalenko N., Zasada M.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2020_n14_s127.pdf

Autor	Ogheneruemu Obi-Egbedi, Omowunmi Ogungbite, Isaac Oluwatayo
Tytuł	Genetically Modified Crops’ Technology and its Awareness among Smallholder Farmers in Nigeria
Title	Genetically Modified Crops’ Technology and its Awareness among Smallholder Farmers in Nigeria
Słowa kluczowe	GMOs, smallholder farmers, awareness for GM crops, Credible seed sources, Agricultural technology
Key words	GMOs, smallholder farmers, awareness for GM crops, Credible seed sources, Agricultural technology
Abstrakt	Genetically Modified (GM) crops are crops modified through genetic engineering to improve their quality. Although safety concerns about genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are still being debated, the food security benefits have led to adoption by many counties. In Nigeria, where most farmers are uneducated and likely unaware of the agricultural technology, the government approved its first biotechnology crop for commercialization in 2018. Level of farmers’ awareness is crucial to acceptance of GM crops, although; this has not been fully explored in the literature. Therefore, this study aimed to assess farmers’ awareness for GM crops and the factors that determine their awareness in Oyo state, Nigeria, using primary data collected in 2018 with the aid of well-structured questionnaires from 242 smallholder farmers. Principal component analysis and Tobit regression model were used for data analysis. Results showed that farmers were aged 43 years with farm size of 3.57 ha, farming experience of 14 years and 11 years of education. Most farmers were male (71.90%), married (67.36%), not members of farmer groups (64.46%) and sourced their seeds from non-credible sources (85.12%). Most farmers (52.07%) had either not heard of or did not know of any benefits/costs of GM crops, hence; were not aware of GM crops. Factors that influenced awareness of GM crops were being a male farmer, years of education and source of seeds. The study concluded that increasing years of education and ensuring use of credible seed sources will increase awareness of the costs and benefits of GM crops among farmers.
Abstract	Genetically Modified (GM) crops are crops modified through genetic engineering to improve their quality. Although safety concerns about genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are still being debated, the food security benefits have led to adoption by many counties. In Nigeria, where most farmers are uneducated and likely unaware of the agricultural technology, the government approved its first biotechnology crop for commercialization in 2018. Level of farmers’ awareness is crucial to acceptance of GM crops, although; this has not been fully explored in the literature. Therefore, this study aimed to assess farmers’ awareness for GM crops and the factors that determine their awareness in Oyo state, Nigeria, using primary data collected in 2018 with the aid of well-structured questionnaires from 242 smallholder farmers. Principal component analysis and Tobit regression model were used for data analysis. Results showed that farmers were aged 43 years with farm size of 3.57 ha, farming experience of 14 years and 11 years of education. Most farmers were male (71.90%), married (67.36%), not members of farmer groups (64.46%) and sourced their seeds from non-credible sources (85.12%). Most farmers (52.07%) had either not heard of or did not know of any benefits/costs of GM crops, hence; were not aware of GM crops. Factors that influenced awareness of GM crops were being a male farmer, years of education and source of seeds. The study concluded that increasing years of education and ensuring use of credible seed sources will increase awareness of the costs and benefits of GM crops among farmers.
Cytowanie	Obi-Egbedi O., Ogungbite O., Oluwatayo I. (2020) Genetically Modified Crops’ Technology and its Awareness among Smallholder Farmers in Nigeria.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 20(35), z. 4: 58-67
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2020_T20(35)_n4_s58.pdf

Autor	Yuriy Hubeni, Oksana Krupa, Volodymyr Krupa, Nataliia Raiter
Tytuł	Globalization and Local Determinants of HORECA Customers Market Behavior in the Wholesale Food Market
Title	Globalization and Local Determinants of HORECA Customers Market Behavior in the Wholesale Food Market
Słowa kluczowe	globalization, HoReCa, wholesale trade, wholesale market of agricultural production, wholesale purchase, customers’ market behavior
Key words	globalization, HoReCa, wholesale trade, wholesale market of agricultural production, wholesale purchase, customers’ market behavior
Abstrakt	The article is devoted to the research of local determinants of HoReCa sphere subject economic behavior in the wholesale markets of agricultural production under hospitality sphere globalization in Ukraine. The authors generalized the key provisions of consumer market behavior theories and its formation factors in HoReCa sphere. The peculiarities of agricultural wholesale market functioning are defined and the competitive surrounding of wholesale food market in western region of Ukraine is characterized. Main principles of business organization in HoReCa sphere are studied; the impact of globalization and foreign economic activity vectors on this sphere internationalization is outlined. The results of research project made by the authors are given, which was aimed at examining motives and peculiarities of HoReCa customers market behavior when wholesale purchasing agricultural production for their own business. The research was conducted on the basis of “Shuvar” market of agricultural production Ltd. - the largest in Western Ukraine wholesale agricultural market. It consists of several specialized food halls, including HoReCa centre. The structure of HoReCa establishments, that are “Shuvar” wholesale market clients, is analyzed. The factors influencing their managers’ decisions, concerning purchase assortment, its frequency, the most convenient time of goods delivery, are investigated. The evaluation of significance degree of certain products purchase, including price, products homogeneity, their constant availability, exclusiveness, is received. HoReCa sphere subjects’ wishes were studied, concerning purchase information support in the wholesale market, for service quality improvement.
Abstract	The article is devoted to the research of local determinants of HoReCa sphere subject economic behavior in the wholesale markets of agricultural production under hospitality sphere globalization in Ukraine. The authors generalized the key provisions of consumer market behavior theories and its formation factors in HoReCa sphere. The peculiarities of agricultural wholesale market functioning are defined and the competitive surrounding of wholesale food market in western region of Ukraine is characterized. Main principles of business organization in HoReCa sphere are studied; the impact of globalization and foreign economic activity vectors on this sphere internationalization is outlined. The results of research project made by the authors are given, which was aimed at examining motives and peculiarities of HoReCa customers market behavior when wholesale purchasing agricultural production for their own business. The research was conducted on the basis of “Shuvar” market of agricultural production Ltd. - the largest in Western Ukraine wholesale agricultural market. It consists of several specialized food halls, including HoReCa centre. The structure of HoReCa establishments, that are “Shuvar” wholesale market clients, is analyzed. The factors influencing their managers’ decisions, concerning purchase assortment, its frequency, the most convenient time of goods delivery, are investigated. The evaluation of significance degree of certain products purchase, including price, products homogeneity, their constant availability, exclusiveness, is received. HoReCa sphere subjects’ wishes were studied, concerning purchase information support in the wholesale market, for service quality improvement.
Cytowanie	Hubeni Y., Krupa O., Krupa V., Raiter N. (2020) Globalization and Local Determinants of HORECA Customers Market Behavior in the Wholesale Food Market.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 20(35), z. 1: 25-39
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2020_T20(35)_n1_s25.pdf

Autor	Liubov Hutsalenko, Olena Kolesnikova, Uliana Marchuk, Serhiy Zabolotnyy
Tytuł	THE HACCP SYSTEM AS A GUARANTEE FOR FOOD SAFETY IN UKRAINE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	management system, HACCP, Critical Control Point (CPC)
Key words
Abstrakt	The research points out the principal concept of the HACCP system, ensuring product safety along the whole food chain 'from the field to the table'. It focuses on HACCP as the food safety management system that proved to be effective and has been accepted globally. In recent years the HACCP system has been gradually introduced in Ukrainian business entities. The article reveals the emergence of the HACCP system and the adaptation of the legal base of Ukraine in the area of food safety requirements. It provides evidence that the harmonization of Ukrainian and international standards in the field of food quality and safety calls for the necessity to introduce HACCP-conforming technologies at all stages of production in Ukrainian companies. The results of the audits of food product safety in Ukraine for the period 2016-2019 were evaluated.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Hutsalenko L., Kolesnikova O., Marchuk U., Zabolotnyy S.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2020_n4_s49.pdf

Autor	Jurij Klapkiv
Tytuł	GLOBAL AREAS OF AGRARIAN BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT
Title
Słowa kluczowe	food security, pandemic, poverty, reduction of profitability, strategic development goals, global environment, food security indicators, consumer price index
Key words
Abstrakt	The following research methods are used to achieve this goal: theoretical synthesis, analysis, abstract and logical - to reveal the relationship of the global food crisis in the context of achieving food security goals; interpretation and comparison - to determine the prospects for improving food security; tabular and graphical - for a visual representation of food security in the world. It has been established that food security is an objective necessity for human development. Its provision is a guarantee of regular access of the population to high-quality food necessary for leading an active and healthy life. Taking into account the analysed indicators of food security, reserves have been identified for improving the growth of food security in the strategy of sustainable development of Ukraine and the world. A cumulative interrelated analysis of pandemic and post-pandemic poverty growth, declining profitability, and price differentiation in food security has been conducted. The assessment of divergent changes in the food sector of Ukraine and other countries is carried out taking into account the challenges of the environmental environment. The results of the study on food security can be used in the management of the economy and the agro-industrial sector as one of the goals of sustainable development.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Klapkiv J.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2020_n4_s61.pdf

Autor	Helga Pavlić Skender, Antonela Štefanić, Petra Zaninović
Tytuł	The logistics performance analysis in European Union – EU-15 vs. EU-13
Title	Analiza wydajności logistycznej w Unii Europejskiej – UE-15 vs. UE-13
Słowa kluczowe	logistics, logistics performance index – LPI, European Union, EU-15, EU-13
Key words	logistyka, wskaźnik wydajności logistyki – LPI, Unia Europejska, EU-15, EU-13
Abstrakt	Logistics accounts for 14% of total GDP in the European Union countries, which shows the importance of the logistics service and performance of the European Union countries. Logistics market of EU-15 countries is well developed while most of EU-13 countries need to address poor railway infrastructure and other political issues related to corruption and lack of competitiveness. However, EU-13 economies are growing fast and can benefit even more from the improvements in logistics market. Therefor this paper aims to analyze logistics performance in the European Union, distinguishing between EU-15 and EU-13 countries. For our analysis we use Worlds Bank Logistics Performance Index (LPI) which is a tool that measures the quality, velocity, accuracy and simplicity of the logistics processes. The analysis covers the period from 2010 to 2018. The results of our analysis show that some EU-13 countries are lagging behind EU-15 countries in terms of logistics performance, while countries like Poland, Czech Republic and Hungary are the best logistics performers among all EU-13 countries. Results also shows us correlation between logistics performance and economic growth which imply that EU-13 countries must take step forward in their logistics performance in order to integrate in regional and global supply chain and thus enhance their economic position and competitiveness.
Abstract	Logistyka stanowi 14% całkowitego PKB krajów Unii Europejskiej, co wskazuje na duże znaczenie tego sektora dla wyników ekonomicznych krajów członkowskich Unii Europejskiej. Rynek logistyczny krajów UE-15 jest dobrze rozwinięty, podczas gdy większość krajów UE-13 powinno podjąć działania dla rozwoju słabej infrastruktury kolejowej oraz pochylić się nad kwestiami politycznymi związanymi z korupcją, czy brakiem konkurencyjności. Szybko rozwijające się gospodarki UE-13 mogą jednak skorzystać na poprawie rynku usług sektora logistycznego. Celem artykułu było określenie wydajności sektora logistyki w Unii Europejskiej z podziałem na kraje UE-15 i UE-13. W pracy wykorzystano wskaźnik wydajności logistyki według Banku Światowego (Logistics Performance Index – LPI), który jest narzędziem określającym jakość, szybkość, dokładność i prostotę procesów logistycznych. Analiza objęła okres od 2010 do 2018 roku. Wyniki wskazują, że niektóre kraje UE-13 pozostają w tyle za członkami UE-15 pod względem wyników logistycznych, podczas gdy kraje takie jak Polska, Czechy i Węgry osiągają najlepsze wyniki logistyczne wśród krajów UE-13. Wyniki wskazują również na korelację między wynikami logistyki a wzrostem gospodarczym. To oznacza, że kraje UE-13 muszą zrobić krok naprzód w swoich wynikach logistycznych, aby zintegrować się z regionalnym i globalnym łańcuchem dostaw, a tym samym poprawić swoją pozycję gospodarczą i konkurencyjność.
Cytowanie	Pavlić Skender H., Štefanić A., Zaninović P.
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Pełny tekst	EIOL_2020_T5_n3_s5.pdf

Autor	Grzegorz Biesok, Jolanta Wyród-Wróbel
Tytuł	PROACTIVE PURCHASE BEHAVIOUR AND THEIR RELATIONS IN SIMPLE SATISFACTION MODEL
Title	Proaktywne zachowania zakupowe i ich relacje w prostym modelu satysfakcji
Słowa kluczowe	consumer research, proactive consumer behaviour, satisfaction model, structural equation modelling (SEM)
Key words	badania konsumenckie, proaktywne zachowania zakupowe, model satysfakcji, modelowanie równań strukturalnych (SEM)
Abstrakt	The purpose of the paper was to verify how proactive shopping behaviours, as declared by the respondents, affect the relationship between expectations, perceived quality and customer satisfaction within a simple satisfaction model. The subject of research was supermarket customers. The authors of the article assumed ten proactive shopping behaviours and then built and verified a satisfaction model in the groups of respondents declaring, or not declaring, the given behaviour. The main conclusions resulting from the analysis is that satisfaction with purchases is more determined by the perceived quality in the case of customers who declare frequent purchases of products that improve the standard of living, consistency in purchasing perceived products and rapidity of purchasing decisions.
Abstract	Celem przeprowadzonych badań była chęć weryfikacji czy i w jakim stopniu deklarowane przez respondentów proaktywne zachowania zakupowe wpływają na relacje między oczekiwaniami, postrzeganą jakością a satysfakcją klientów w prostym modelu satysfakcji. Podmiotem badań byli klienci supermarketów. Autorzy artykułu przyjęli dziesięć zachowań, w których może demonstrować się proaktywna postawa zakupowa. Następnie ustalono modele satysfakcji w grupach respondentów deklarujących lub niedeklarujących dane zachowanie. Głównymi wnioskami wynikającym z analiz jest to, że satysfakcja z zakupów w większym stopniu zdeterminowana jest przez postrzeganą jakość w przypadku klientów deklarujących częste kupowanie produktów, które poprawiają poziom życia, konsekwencję w nabywaniu upatrzonych produktów oraz szybkość (niezwłoczność) podejmowanych decyzji zakupowych.
Cytowanie	Biesok G., Wyród-Wróbel J. (2019) PROACTIVE PURCHASE BEHAVIOUR AND THEIR RELATIONS IN SIMPLE SATISFACTION MODEL.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 22(71): 28-37
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2019_n71_s28.pdf

Autor	Paweł Jankowski, Agnieszka Tul-Krzyszczuk
Tytuł	The Impact of Innovation on the Global Competitiveness of Polish Meat and Dairy Enterprises
Title	The Impact of Innovation on the Global Competitiveness of Polish Meat and Dairy Enterprises
Słowa kluczowe	innovation, competitiveness, meat, dairy, enterprise, global market, Poland
Key words	innovation, competitiveness, meat, dairy, enterprise, global market, Poland
Abstrakt	The aim of the study was to analyse innovations implemented in the milk and meat industries, and their impact on increasing competitiveness. The study showed that the 2010-12 period saw the most product and process innovations being introduced. On the other hand, innovations in marketing were found to be more popular in 2013. Three groups of similar innovations were distinguished. The milk industry stood out when it comes to the extent of innovations implemented. Fewer innovations were found in the poultry meat industry. Beef and pork meat processing was the least innovative. The innovativeness of enterprises is greater with larger numbers of employees and the increase in scope of their field of operation. The implementation of innovations resulted in: improvement of the quality of goods (services), increase in stock, productive capabilities and revenues from sales, emergence of new markets, increase in competitiveness and prestige of the firm. Those are confirmed by the very good performance of foreign trade and better competitiveness rates of Polish meat producers.
Abstract	The aim of the study was to analyse innovations implemented in the milk and meat industries, and their impact on increasing competitiveness. The study showed that the 2010-12 period saw the most product and process innovations being introduced. On the other hand, innovations in marketing were found to be more popular in 2013. Three groups of similar innovations were distinguished. The milk industry stood out when it comes to the extent of innovations implemented. Fewer innovations were found in the poultry meat industry. Beef and pork meat processing was the least innovative. The innovativeness of enterprises is greater with larger numbers of employees and the increase in scope of their field of operation. The implementation of innovations resulted in: improvement of the quality of goods (services), increase in stock, productive capabilities and revenues from sales, emergence of new markets, increase in competitiveness and prestige of the firm. Those are confirmed by the very good performance of foreign trade and better competitiveness rates of Polish meat producers.
Cytowanie	Jankowski P., Tul-Krzyszczuk A. (2019) The Impact of Innovation on the Global Competitiveness of Polish Meat and Dairy Enterprises.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 1: 120-132
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s120.pdf

Autor	Piotr Kułyk, Mariola Michałowska
Tytuł	Cena a gotowość do zapłaty za określone produkty ekologiczne na przykładzie mieszkańców województwa lubuskiego
Title	Price and readiness to pay for specific ecological products on the example of the inhabitants of the Lubuskie Voivodeship
Słowa kluczowe	produkt ekologiczny, cena, dochody i wydatki gospodarstw domowych, gotowość do zapłaty
Key words	green products, price, household income and expenditure of households, readiness to pay
Abstrakt	Rozwój rynku żywności ekologicznej nastąpił w wyniku m.in. zwiększającej się świadomości konsumentów na temat zdrowego odżywiania, troski o swoich najbliższych, a także rozprzestrzeniania się informacji o przekroczeniach dotyczących poziomu pestycydów w żywności, norm dioksyn w mięsie i wielu innych toksycznych związków chemicznych. Na uwagę zasługuje również zwiększająca się dostępność żywności ekologicznej. Coraz większa liczba sklepów ma w swojej ofercie asortymentowej żywność pochodzącą z upraw i hodowli ekologicznych, co w efekcie wpływa na zwiększenie popytu na ten rodzaj żywności. Zachowania konsumenta dotyczące produktów ekologicznych są determinowane nie tylko zwiększającą się świadomością ekologiczną, ale zależą od wielu czynników, wśród których istotną rolę odgrywają czynniki ekonomiczne. Poznanie uwarunkowań zakupu ekoproduktów ma kluczowe znaczenie w rozwoju rynku żywności ekologicznej. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest, po pierwsze, zidentyfikowanie czynników determinujących zachowania konsumentów na rynku produktów ekologicznych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem ekonomicznych. Po drugie, ustalenie zależności między poziomem przeciętnego miesięcznego dochodu na osobę a liczbą osób w gospodarstwie domowym. Niewątpliwie wyższe ceny produktów ekologicznych w porównaniu z ich odpowiednikami konwencjonalnymi oraz niskie dochody konsumentów ograniczają ich nabywanie. Artykuł zawiera wyniki przeprowadzonego badania ankietowego wśród respondentów w województwie lubuskim. Wyniki badania wskazują, że gotowość do zapłaty wyższej ceny wynika nie tylko z dostrzegalnej jakości produktów, walorów smakowych, składu produktu, stylu życia, czy też walorów zapachowych, ale także z dbałości o stan środowiska naturalnego oraz zdrowie swoje i swoich najbliższych.
Abstract	The development of the organic food market has resulted from, among others, an increasing consumer awareness of healthy eating, caring for their loved ones, as well as the spread of information on exceedances regarding the level of pesticides in food, standards of dioxins in meat and many other toxic chemicals. Noteworthy is also the increasing availability of organic food. An increasing number of stores have in their range of products food from organic farming, which in effect affects the increase in demand for this type of food. Consumer behaviour regarding organic products is determined not only by increasing ecological awareness, but depends on many factors, among which economic factors play an important role. Understanding the conditions of purchasing ecoproducts is crucial in the development of the organic food market. The aim of this study is, fi rstly, to identify the factors determining consumer behaviour on the market of organic products, with particular emphasis on economic factors. Secondly, establishing the relationship between the level of average monthly income per person and the number of people in the household. Undoubtedly, higher prices of organic products compared to their conventional counterparts and low income of consumers limit their purchase. The article contains the results of a survey carried out among respondents in the Lubuskie Voivodeship. The results of the study show that the higher willingness to pay results not only from the perceived quality of products, taste values, product composition, lifestyle, or fragrance values, but also from care for the natural environment and the health of both themselves and their relatives.
Cytowanie	Kułyk P., Michałowska M. (2019) Cena a gotowość do zapłaty za określone produkty ekologiczne na przykładzie mieszkańców województwa lubuskiego.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 125: 59-72
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2019_n125_s59.pdf

Autor	Urszula Konarzewska, Grażyna Michalczuk
Tytuł	Znaczenie raportowania niefinansowego w inwestowaniu społecznie odpowiedzialnym
Title	THE IMPORTANCE OF NON-FINANCIAL REPORTING IN SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE INVESTING
Słowa kluczowe	inwestowanie społecznie odpowiedzialne, raportowanie niefinansowe, rynki finansowe, społeczna odpowiedzialność biznesu
Key words	socially responsible investing, non-financial reporting, financial markets, corporate social responsibility
Abstrakt	Inwestorzy coraz częściej opierają swoje decyzje nie tylko na parametrach finansowych, ale również na kryteriach społeczno-środowiskowych, związanych ze zdolnością danego podmiotu do tworzenia wartości dla społeczeństwa, a także łagodzenia negatywnych skutków prowadzonej działalności gospodarczej. Podejmowanie racjonalnych decyzji inwestycyjnych zwiększa zapotrzebowanie na informacje niefinansowe, dające możliwość obiektywnej oceny, czy i w jakim stopniu przedsiębiorstwo respektuje aspekty związane z obszarem środowiskowym, odpowiedzialnością społeczną i ładem korporacyjnym. Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja trendów związanych z funkcjonowaniem rynku inwestycji społecznie odpowiedzialnych oraz roli jaką w procesie jego rozwoju pełnić może raportowanie niefinansowe. Punktem wyjścia do tak sformułowanego celu była analiza literatury przedmiotu, umożliwiająca przedstawienie teoretycznych podstaw koncepcji społecznie odpowiedzialnego inwestowania. W dalszej części artykułu skoncentrowano się na analizie raportów oraz baz danych ukazujących tendencje w zakresie społecznie odpowiedzialnego inwestowania, a także raportowania niefinansowego na świecie, a także w Polsce. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że inwestowanie społecznie odpowiedzialne cieszy się coraz większą popularnością wśród inwestorów na całym świecie. Istotny z punktu widzenia podejmowania decyzji inwestycyjnych staje się dostęp do wiarygodnych informacji niefinansowych. Jak pokazały badania, raportowanie niefinansowe jest dziedziną rozwijającą się zarówno na świecie, jak i w Polsce. Istotną kwestią staje się jednak zapewnienie odpowiedniej jakości, przejrzystości oraz porównywalności danych tego typu. Rozwiązaniem jest sporządzanie raportów w oparciu o standardy, zwłaszcza te opracowywane przez GRI.
Abstract	Investors increasingly base their decisions not only on financial parameters, but also on socio-environmental criteria related to company’s ability to create value for society and to limit the negative effects of business activity. Making the rational investment decisions increases the need for non-financial information which provide the possibility of objective evaluation of whether and to what extent company respects the issues connected with environmental area, social responsibility and corporate governance. The aim of the article is to identify trends associated with the functioning of the socially responsible investments market and the role non-financial reporting can play in its development. The starting point for the implementation of a such formulated purpose was the analysis of the subject-related literature which allowed to present theoretical basis of the concept of socially responsible investing. Next, the paper focuses on the analysis of reports and databases showing trends of socially responsible investing and non-financial reporting both globally and in Poland. The conducted analysis showed that socially responsible investing is becoming increasingly popular among investors around the world. An important aspect in the process of investment decision‐making is to provide access to reliable non-financial information. As demonstrated by research, non-financial reporting is a rapidly growing field in the world and in Poland. However, it is important to ensure the suitable quality, transparency and comparability of this type pf data. The solution is to prepare reports on the basis of standards, especially those developed by GRI.
Cytowanie	Konarzewska U., Michalczuk G. (2019) Znaczenie raportowania niefinansowego w inwestowaniu społecznie odpowiedzialnym.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 21(70): 146-159
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2019_n70_s146.pdf

Autor	Marek Dylewski, Beata Filipiak
Tytuł	Wpływ środków UE dedykowanych małym i średnim przedsiębiorstwom na wielkość akcji kredytowej w sektorze bankowym
Title	IMPACT OF EU FUNDS DEDICATED TO SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES ON THE SIZE OF LENDING IN THE BANKING SECTOR
Słowa kluczowe	polityka publiczna, środki UE, akcja kredytowa, małe i średnie przedsiębiorstwa
Key words	public policy, EU funds, lending, small and medium enterprises
Abstrakt	Małe i średnie przedsiębiorstwa (MŚP), tak jak pozostałe podmioty sfery realnej, aby funkcjonować i rozwijać się, muszą podejmować decyzje związane z wyborem odpowiedniego źródła finansowania, uwzględniając jego dostępność oraz warunki pozyskania. W artykule wskazano na kierunkowe badania dotyczące wpływu środków UE na gospodarkę. W badaniach posłużono się następującymi metodami: podstawowe metody analizy szeregów czasowych oraz metody indeksowe służące do analizy szeregów, służące do określania przyrostu obserwowanego zjawiska w badanym okresie w porównaniu z okresem bazowych (dynamika zmienności). Dokonano analizy alokacji środków UE celem ustalenia, czy mają one istotny wpływ na zmiany wartości akcji kredytowej banków w odniesieniu do sektora MŚP? oraz ustalono, czy wystąpiły zmiany w jakości portfela kredytowego podmiotów z sektora MŚP? Przeprowadzone analizy miały za cel przybliżenie odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy środki UE mają wpływ na wielkość akcji kredytowej banków dedykowanej MŚP.
Abstract	Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), just like other entities in the real sphere, in order to function and develop, must make decisions related to the selection of an appropriate source of financing, taking into account its accessibility and acquisition conditions. The article pointed to the directional research on the impact of EU funds on the economy. The following methods were used in the research: basic methods of time series analysis and index methods for analyzing series, used to determine the increase in the observed phenomenon in the analyzed period compared to the base period (dynamics of variation). An analysis of the allocation of EU funds was made to determine whether they have a significant impact on changes in the value of bank lending in relation to the SME sector? and was it determined whether there were any changes in the quality of the loan portfolio of entities from the SME sector? The analyzes were aimed at bringing the answer to the question of whether EU funds affect the size of lending activities of banks dedicated to SMEs
Cytowanie	Dylewski M., Filipiak B. (2019) Wpływ środków UE dedykowanych małym i średnim przedsiębiorstwom na wielkość akcji kredytowej w sektorze bankowym.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 21(70): 42-55
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2019_n70_s42.pdf

Autor	Molla Alemayehu, Megersa Daksa, Nigussie Dechassa, Sisay Lemessa
Tytuł	Adoption Spells of Improved Potato Varieties by Smallholder Farmers in Eastern Ethiopia: The Duration Approach
Title	Adoption Spells of Improved Potato Varieties by Smallholder Farmers in Eastern Ethiopia: The Duration Approach
Słowa kluczowe	adoption spell, Weibull, static, potato varieties, Ethiopia
Key words	adoption spell, Weibull, static, potato varieties, Ethiopia
Abstrakt	Potato is mainly tagged as a food security crop in Ethiopia. However, its productivity remains low due to low adoption of improved technologies by smallholder farmers. Duration models, namely, Parametric (Weibull) and Non-parametric (Kaplan Meier) were used to analyze the data gathered from 365 sample farmers. The Non-parametric result revealed that the average duration that potato growers should wait before adopting a new variety is about 3.5 years. The Weibull regression indicated that timely availability of seed, access to labor and irrigation water, land size, and adaptation strategy by farmers are found to be factors curtailing the timeframe to adopt improved potato varieties. The regression analysis revealed that costs of inputs such as manure and compost, environmental and market factors such as drought, pest and disease outbreaks, price variability of potato seed, and quality of potato seed were found to be factors influencing adoption decisions of improved potato varieties by smallholder farmers.
Abstract	Potato is mainly tagged as a food security crop in Ethiopia. However, its productivity remains low due to low adoption of improved technologies by smallholder farmers. Duration models, namely, Parametric (Weibull) and Non-parametric (Kaplan Meier) were used to analyze the data gathered from 365 sample farmers. The Non-parametric result revealed that the average duration that potato growers should wait before adopting a new variety is about 3.5 years. The Weibull regression indicated that timely availability of seed, access to labor and irrigation water, land size, and adaptation strategy by farmers are found to be factors curtailing the timeframe to adopt improved potato varieties. The regression analysis revealed that costs of inputs such as manure and compost, environmental and market factors such as drought, pest and disease outbreaks, price variability of potato seed, and quality of potato seed were found to be factors influencing adoption decisions of improved potato varieties by smallholder farmers.
Cytowanie	Alemayehu M., Daksa M., Dechassa N., Lemessa S. (2019) Adoption Spells of Improved Potato Varieties by Smallholder Farmers in Eastern Ethiopia: The Duration Approach.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 2: 103-118
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n2_s103.pdf