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Autor	Sławomir Juszczyk, Artur Nagórka
Tytuł	Problemy metodyczne doboru próby badawczej na przykładzie przedsiębiorstw przemysłu spożywczego
Title	The methodological problems with choosing research sample on the example of food processing enterprises
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Abstract	One of the most important issues during scientific research is to define a proper sample for measurement and assessment. While the general sample is very large it is impossible to examine it entirely and various ways of selecting the sample are used. Secondly, the sample should be stable within the research period in order to ensure the comparability of results. The problem arises when the sample is different in number within the period due to the very nature of it. The authors deals with such set of circumstances when the sample varies in time, it is relatively small in size yet it is the total number of cases of such characteristics. The question arises how to treat this population in a scientific way. The article shows a number of doubts with a number of possible solutions of this case. Using the definitions from the different sources and comparing them to the case the authors come to the conclusion that despite an instability within the period and despite the relatively low number of cases within the sample it can be used for proper scientific research because of the nature of the scientific process and because it comprises the entire population
Cytowanie	Juszczyk S., Nagórka A. (2009) Problemy metodyczne doboru próby badawczej na przykładzie przedsiębiorstw przemysłu spożywczego.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 75: 39-48
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n75_s39.pdf

Autor	Iwona Kowalczuk
Tytuł	Innowacyjność produktowa przedsiębiorstw branży spożywczej
Title	Product innovativeness of industrial enterprises on the food market
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Abstract	In the article the problem of product innovations in the food sector was described. In the first part, based on the literature data, chosen definitions and classifications of new products were presented, particularly taken into consideration food products. In the second part, the results of the Central Statistical Offi ce (GUS) researches about product innovativeness in industrial enterprises manufacturing food products and beverages were presented. In the third chapter of the article, based on the results of the questionnaire research carried out on the sample of 149 enterprises, the main directions of product innovations on the food marked were presented. The results of both the desk and the field researches indicate that the low level of innovativeness is characteristic for food sector in Poland and that the main trends of food product changes are: changes in appearance of products and packages, improvement of health proprieties of food, changes of taste, and improvement of the comfort of products use.
Cytowanie	Kowalczuk I. (2009) Innowacyjność produktowa przedsiębiorstw branży spożywczej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 75: 63-77
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n75_s63.pdf

Autor	Wiesława Lizińska
Tytuł	Integracja z Unią Europejską a handel artykułami rolno-żywnościowymi polskich przedsiębiorstw z krajami trzecimi
Title	Integration with European Union and trade of agri-food products Polish enterprises with extraunion countries
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Abstract	The main aim of this paper was to characterize geographic and goods structure of polish food and agriculture industry exports in years 2004–2008. The main reasons of beginning export activity were also examined as well as effects of joining The European Union to this industry. Moreover, the research showed the importance of export activity for agriculture and food companies and identified main export barriers to countries outside the EU. The research was conducted in 2008 among 30 enterprises exporting to extra-union markets. Export of Polish agrifood articles is mainly intra-exports (80%). The second most important export markets are the CIS countries, mainly Russia. The main problem arising from the integration with the EU was a large increase in competition in the market (59%). The surveyed firms share value of exports to total net revenue in 2008 was mainly below 20% (47%). Most of companies surveyed indicated existing rules and regulations (81%) as the main constraint to development of export within countries outside EU. Among the respondents, 46% of companies intended to expand their presence in the eastern markets, preferably through the development of exports.
Cytowanie	Lizińska W. (2009) Integracja z Unią Europejską a handel artykułami rolno-żywnościowymi polskich przedsiębiorstw z krajami trzecimi.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 75: 91-103
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n75_s91.pdf

Autor	Tadeusz Liziński, Anna Wróblewska
Tytuł	Środowiskowe koszty i korzyści w przedsiębiorstwach agrobiznesu
Title	Environmental costs and benefi ts in agrobusiness enterprises
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Abstract	Nitrogen balance indicated surplus in range 50–170 kg N/year in researched 5 farms in Żuławy Vistula Delta. This surplus is able to treat as external environmental cost which should undergo internalization that is included to account of person causing damage. It changed also position of enterprise economic optimum which should be treated as economic-ecological optimum. Grasslands in farms keeping cattle growing are simultaneously source of external benefits. Beyond-production significance of grasslands results from landscape, protective, hydrological, climatic meaning and other ecological benefits. Beyond-production functions should be appraised and included to economic-ecological valuation of farms.
Cytowanie	Liziński T., Wróblewska A. (2009) Środowiskowe koszty i korzyści w przedsiębiorstwach agrobiznesu.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 75: 105-119
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n75_s105.pdf

Autor	Joanna Paliszkiewicz
Tytuł	Liczba szkół wyższych a rozwój województw
Title	The number of higher education institutions and the development of provinces
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Abstract	In our times the human capital is one of basic development factors. Investments in human capital is the first step of going the way of the long-lasting growth in the economy. The level of education of the human capital is deciding on the ability of the given society to the adaptation of the financial capital and changing it into goods and service. The purpose of the article is checking the relation between the number of higher education institutions (also of students and graduates) with the economic activity, the amount of enterprises, the amount of the remuneration, the amount of the expenditure on investment and B+R and the unemployment rate in individual provinces
Cytowanie	Paliszkiewicz J. (2009) Liczba szkół wyższych a rozwój województw.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 75: 161-170
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n75_s161.pdf

Autor	Henryk Runowski
Tytuł	Tendencje zmian w organizacji i ekonomice przedsiębiorstw rolnych – aspekty teoretyczne
Title	Tendencies in changes of organization and economics of agricultural enterprises – theoretical aspects
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Abstract	The paper aims to present the theoretical background as well as directions of changes in economics and organization of agricultural enterprises that take place which are under the influence of environment. It analyzes the changes that take place in costs of main production inputs and the consequences of such changes for companies. There are also shown directions of adjusting activities in case of selection of techniques and technologies of production and organization of the company with emphasis of application of technical progress, and within it especially biological progress. The paper argues also about the costs-driving aspects of human capital and resulting from that need to systematically change employment level.
Cytowanie	Runowski H. (2009) Tendencje zmian w organizacji i ekonomice przedsiębiorstw rolnych – aspekty teoretyczne.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 75: 197-210
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n75_s197.pdf

Autor	Romuald Hanisz
Tytuł	Aktywna strategia finansowania warunkiem realności strategii przedsiębiorstwa w warunkach niepewności
Title	The active fi nancial strategy as a provision for enterprises plausibility of established strategy in uncertain conditions
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Abstract	The article focuses on financial strategy of Polish enterprises. In times of general economic insecurity and more difficult access to bank credits and loans, the strategy of obtaining the funds by enterprises should be more active. It ought to be based on a bigger range of financial sources offered by Polish and international finance markets. The emission of commercial paper is not so fully used as a source of financing
Cytowanie	Hanisz R. (2009) Aktywna strategia finansowania warunkiem realności strategii przedsiębiorstwa w warunkach niepewności.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 76: 5-15
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n76_s5.pdf

Autor	Mirosław Krajewski
Tytuł	System powiązania wskaźników w ocenie zarządzania kapitałami w przedsiębiorstwie
Title	The connection system of the capital management coeffi cients in enterprise assessment
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Abstract	The process of funding in enterprise joins two inseparable and mutually related problems in enterprise – the investments assets delimitation and identifying possible sources of financing, which from the managers point of view, should also includes the costs of gaining additional capital. The correct utilization of capital in enterprise requires continuous monitoring of the financial effects of its performance in aspect of possessed assets. It leads to formulating the establish definitions in relation to economic quantities which helps to identify the major efficient financing sources in company activity. The methods and analysis tools should asses the most profitable level of loan capital and assure possibility to create the early warning system before financial losses appear in enterprise.
Cytowanie	Krajewski M. (2009) System powiązania wskaźników w ocenie zarządzania kapitałami w przedsiębiorstwie.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 76: 61-71
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n76_s61.pdf

Autor	Grażyna Klamecka-Roszkowska
Tytuł	Finansowanie działalności innowacyjnej w podlaskich przedsiębiorstwach
Title	The financing innovation activities in Podlasie area
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Abstract	Innovation in companies is a large degree which depends on their financial resources. It influenced both the use of companies’ ideas concerning new choices and new technologies as well as the access of the external sources of innovation i.e. the purchase of license and modern fixed assets or the employment of highly-paid specialists. The purpose of this study is the discussion of the questionnaires results about financing innovation activities. The research has been carried out on 575 enterprises which conduct their activity in Podlasie area. The elaboration is a part of wider work, which aim was monitoring the Regional Innovation Strategy of Podlasie voivodeship.
Cytowanie	Klamecka-Roszkowska G. (2009) Finansowanie działalności innowacyjnej w podlaskich przedsiębiorstwach.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 76: 73-84
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n76_s73.pdf

Autor	Marcin Ratajczak
Tytuł	Sytuacja finansowa małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw w Polsce w latach 2002–2007
Title	Financial situation of small and medium enterprises in Poland in 2002–2007
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Abstract	The purpose of the presented article is a presentation of analysis results concerning largeness of income in small and medium enterprises, with particular taking into consideration the yield of gross and net return in analyzed economic subjects. In the first part of article showed a meaning of enterprise and coherent in relation to economic development. Furthermore, the second part was devoted to the financial status of small and medium enterprises functioning on Polish market. The researched conducted in elaboration based on data from Polish Agency for Enterprise Development and include 2002–2007.
Cytowanie	Ratajczak M. (2009) Sytuacja finansowa małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw w Polsce w latach 2002–2007.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 76: 147-155
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n76_s147.pdf

Autor	Sławomir Kowalski
Tytuł	Źródła finansowania sektora małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw w Polscez uwzględnieniem funduszy strukturalnych UE
Title	The sources of financing of small and mediu enterprises in Poland in relation to EU Structural Funds
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Abstract	In Poland, in the sequence of recent years, changes in financing SME activity took place. Entrepreneurs are diverging from internal source of finances more and more by devoting to others forms of raising possessed capital. It is caused by increasing competition which is forcing companies to taking higher risk. A competent choice of the financing source is a substantial problem. It should have a beneficial influence on the profitability in the enterprise, as well as keeping the financial risk at reasonable level. The main direct benefit was a possibility of using structural funds after the accession of Poland into the EU, especially for the SME business sector. The implementation of programs which are co-financed by the EU funds is bringing visible effects more and more.
Cytowanie	Kowalski S. (2009) Źródła finansowania sektora małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw w Polscez uwzględnieniem funduszy strukturalnych UE.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 76: 157-164
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n76_s157.pdf

Autor	Aleksandra Pisarska, Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Płynność finansowa w małych i średnich przedsiębiorstwach
Title	The financial liquidity in small and medium enterprises
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Abstract	The highest financial liquidity described enterprises with the highest value of possessed capital. In general companies from the group of average value of capital had noticed the financial liquidity on lower level than the enterprises with the lowest and the highest value of capital. The financial liquidity ratio had amounted to quite low level in group of companies with the highest value of fixed assets. In the enterprises with the average level of these assets had appeared the risk of the financial liquidity lack. In group of micro enterprises had recorded difficulties with marinating the financial liquidity, especially the treasury ratio. In researched period had ascertained slight improvement in this aspect. Whereas the financial liquidity level in small and medium enterprises had formed almost on similar level, particularly in quick and treasury ratio. This group of enterprises had recorded lower level of financial liquidity, which in case of smaller scale of production was substantiated, because of decreasing risk of bankruptcy.
Cytowanie	Pisarska A., Wasilewski M. (2009) Płynność finansowa w małych i średnich przedsiębiorstwach.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 76: 187-200
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n76_s187.pdf

Autor	Jacek Grzywacz
Tytuł	Ryzyko kredytowania małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw w Polsce
Title	The credit risk in fi nancing small and medium enterprises in Poland
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Abstract	The SME sector is a main stimulus of the economic development in Poland. The valid problems in this sector concern both aspects as leading the current business activity as well as a trouble keeping of the financial liquidity. Therefore the access to credit is conditioning the real opportunities of functioning on the market and its development today. However the cost of a bank loan in Poland effectively is still suppressing the investment enthusiasm of entrepreneurs. This cost, from bank point of view, is an outcome of the rigorous evaluation of the credit risk in activity of the small and medium enterprise sector.
Cytowanie	Grzywacz J. (2009) Ryzyko kredytowania małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 77: 5-17
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n77_s5.pdf

Autor	Aleksandra Pisarska, Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Źródła finansowania działalności małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw
Title	The small and medium enterprises business activity financial resources
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Abstract	The paper analyses the financial resources of business activity in SME sector in Świętokrzyskie region. In all groups of enterprises noticed increased value of liabilities, equity and debt capital calculated per employee. I was stated that together with growing number of employees (size of enterprise) recorded significant enhance of capital value per employee. The equity capital was the financial resource which dominance in small and medium enterprises activity, while in micro enterprises – debt capital, especially short-term. In all groups of companies the participation of long term debt capital noticed quite low level. In case of micro enterprises recorded decreasing share of short term loan capital, in relation to long term financing, which value increased in researched period. It confirmed that this source of capital was used in implementations of companies undertakes. To summaries, the micro enterprises require financial support, since their previous capital position was unfavorable in relation to small companies.
Cytowanie	Pisarska A., Wasilewski M. (2009) Źródła finansowania działalności małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 77: 217-227
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n77_s217.pdf

Autor	Mirosław Wasilewski, Serhiy Zabolotnyy
Tytuł	Sytuacja finansowa przedsiębiorstw o odmiennych strategiach zarządzania kapitałem obrotowym
Title	Financial situation of the enterprises of different working capital strategies
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Abstract	In the article the relations between opposite approaches to working capital management and chosen financial ratios are defined on the example of stock companies from food processing industry. In the enterprise Kofola S.A. using an aggressive working capital strategy a low level of liquidity, short cycles of current assets’ conversion and negative cycles of cash conversion appeared. Profitability of business and the value of EVA were low in this company. In the enterprise Wilbo S.A. using conservative strategies, high level of liquidity ratios, longer cycles of current assets’ conversion and cash conversion. Conservative strategy of Wilbo S.A. was characterized by negative rates of profitability and negative rate of return for owners built on EVA. Opposite approaches to working capital management do not ensure required rates of return from invested capital for shareholders. That is why the synchronization of partial strategies of the enterprise is very important.
Cytowanie	Wasilewski M., Zabolotnyy S. (2009) Sytuacja finansowa przedsiębiorstw o odmiennych strategiach zarządzania kapitałem obrotowym.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 78: 5-20
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n78_s5.pdf

Autor	Aleksandra Wójcicka, Tomasz Wójtowicz
Tytuł	Wykorzystanie analizy wskaźnikowej w ocenie zdolności kredytowej przedsiębiorstwa – szanse i zagrożenia
Title	The ratio analysis in borrowing power of enterprises assessment – opportunities and menaces
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Abstract	Facing a global financial crisis the traditional financial analysis encounters entirely new challenges. Credit risk models used by banks require a dynamic analysis supplement. A cash fl ow is the base for such analysis which is performed more often than once a year, preferably quarterly. It will allow monitoring the financial standing of a company better not only before but also after giving a credit. In turn, the implementation of a working capital integrated management system in a company applying for a credit will limit its credit needs and improve the index analysis results both in static and dynamic approach
Cytowanie	Wójcicka A., Wójtowicz T. (2009) Wykorzystanie analizy wskaźnikowej w ocenie zdolności kredytowej przedsiębiorstwa – szanse i zagrożenia.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 78: 69-80
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n78_s69.pdf

Autor	Joanna Paliszkiewicz
Tytuł	Próby wyceny kapitału intelektualnego – identyfikacja podstawowych problemów
Title	Attempts of the evaluation of the intellectual capital– identifi cation of essential problems
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Abstract	Contemporary enterprises increasingly appreciate the role of intangible assets in achieving competitive advantage. More and more enterprises are basing activity on intangible assets and especially on the knowledge and the information. The importance of these assets finding expression in the market valuation of enterprises, which frequently – on world stock exchanges – exceeds book value. In the article the methods of intellectual capital estimation were described, and the problems connected with it were identified.
Cytowanie	Paliszkiewicz J. (2009) Próby wyceny kapitału intelektualnego – identyfikacja podstawowych problemów.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 78: 117-125
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Autor	Karolina Maciejczak, Anna Milewska
Tytuł	Zarządzanie daninami publicznymi w przedsiębiorstwie na przykładzie podmiotu BETA – wybrane aspekty
Title	The public levy management in enterprises on BETA Company example – selected issues
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Abstract	The paper deals with the theoretical and practical aspects of optimization of public levy management in enterprise. The elaboration presents the fundamental definitions from the range of public levy obligations, focusing conducted analysis on taxes. The research included characteristic description of BETA enterprises, the level of tax burden and accessible tools which helped to optimize the public levy value depending on performance specialization of company. The conducted analysis included research of the structure and tax debt dynamic in years 2006–2008. The paper deals also with current decisions and their influence on the level of tax burden, in deprecation aspect based on figures example
Cytowanie	Maciejczak K., Milewska A. (2009) Zarządzanie daninami publicznymi w przedsiębiorstwie na przykładzie podmiotu BETA – wybrane aspekty.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 78: 141-159
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n78_s141.pdf

Autor	Rafał Balina, Sławomir Juszczyk
Tytuł	Prognozowanie upadłości przedsiębiorstw spedycyjnych jako bankowe narzędzie decyzyjne
Title	Prediction of insolvency the shipping enterprises as a banking decision tool
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Abstract	In the paper were verified usability present bankruptcy predictor models for banking prediction shipping enterprises insolvency in present economical conditions. Authors proves that present enterprises insolvency prediction models have decreased their forecast propriety. Therefore authors built discriminate analysis model for shipping enterprises which are acting in Polish present economy conditions. This model properly characterized the research group of enterprises. This model also could be useful tool for a bank in a credit procedures for shipping enterprises.
Cytowanie	Balina R., Juszczyk S. (2009) Prognozowanie upadłości przedsiębiorstw spedycyjnych jako bankowe narzędzie decyzyjne.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 78: 161-174
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n78_s161.pdf

Autor	Katarzyna Boratyńska
Tytuł	Koszty bankructwa przedsiębiorstwa na świecie i w Polsce – przegląd dotychczasowych badań
Title	Costs of enterprise’s bankruptcy all over the world and in Poland – scientifi c research overview
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Abstract	In the article the overview of costs of bankruptcy both in international and domestic research results has been presented. The Author has pointed out that costs of bankruptcy can be divided in different ways, e.g. indirect and direct. It has also discussed costs of legal processes which are essential in reaching the aim of proceedings.
Cytowanie	Boratyńska K. (2009) Koszty bankructwa przedsiębiorstwa na świecie i w Polsce – przegląd dotychczasowych badań.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 78: 175-186
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n78_s175.pdf