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Autor	Magdalena Cyrek, Piotr Cyrek
Tytuł	DIFFERENCE IN CONSUMPTION BETWEEN URBAN AND RURAL HOUSEHOLDS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	consumption, well-being, households, city-countryside
Key words
Abstrakt	Levels of income, consumer expenditure and their structure display significant disproportions between areas of different degrees of urbanisation. These disproportions are reflected both in the objective comparison and subjectively perceived material situation of households. This study contains an assessment of the differences in income and consumption in rural areas and cities of Poland at a national level and in relation to the Subcarpathian Province, as a less developed region. The results of public statistic surveys were supplemented with the results of own research regarding the perception of the situation by the inhabitants of Subcarpathia. The scale of existing socio-economic disproportion in spatial layout and directions of changes in accordance to objective and subjective indicators were identified. The changes in the value of purchases of various types of products, levels of savings and living conditions were addressed. In order to verify the hypothesis of consumption convergence in the city-countryside system, a statistical analysis of national structures was carried out and the differences in change patterns typical for urban and rural households in Subcarpathia were identified. This research allows to conclude that there exist adverse disproportions in rural development and some signs of overcoming them on a national and regional level.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Cyrek M., Cyrek P.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s68.pdf

Autor	Marta Domagalska-Grędys
Tytuł	EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION AND EDUCATION IN COOPERATION BETWEEN AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS MAINTAINING CONSERVATIVE BREED ANIMALS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	cooperation goals, knowledge exchange and education, livestock conservative breeds, principal component analysis (PCA)
Key words
Abstrakt	The development by means of cooperation, an exchange of knowledge and education is of crucial importance in the contemporary knowledge-based economy. The goal of the study was to determine important goals in cooperation with regard to the scope of knowledge and education of agricultural holdings maintaining conservative breed animals in the region of fragmented agriculture (South-Eastern Poland). The studied entities contribute to an increased biodiversity and maintenance of small agricultural holdings. The conditions of cooperation basing on an exchange of knowledge and education are laid down based on the results of a questionnaire study conducted among 145 agricultural holdings and principal component analyses (PCA). The evaluation of the exchange of knowledge and education varied within the industry. The highest degree of approval for the exchange of knowledge and education was among breeders of pigs and cows, the lowest among sheep breeders. It was demonstrated that participation in fairs and trainings improved the evaluation of analysed cooperation.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Domagalska-Grędys M.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s81.pdf

Autor	Włodzimierz Kołodziejczak
Tytuł	DECOMPOSITION OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN RURAL POPULATION ON THE BASIS OF MAIN SOURCES OF INCOME IN 2002–2009 AND 2016
Title
Słowa kluczowe	natural unemployment, labour flows, rural population
Key words
Abstrakt	The aim of the paper is to present a decomposition of unemployment in the rural population into the structural and cyclical components in groups distinguished based on their main source of household income. This study was conducted using the method estimating the level of natural unemployment (equilibrium unemployment) proposed by the Centre for Economic Policy Research (1995). The analysis was based on individual, unweighted, quarterly raw data provided by the Polish LFS (BAEL) from the years 2002–2009 and 2016. The professional situation of the rural population in the analysed period improved, which was manifested in an increase in the employment rate and a reduction of the actual unemployment rate. Between the periods of 2002–2005 and 2006–2009 actual unemployment ‘followed’ the lower values of equilibrium unemployment. In 2016 the actual unemployment rate was lower than in previous periods; however, an adverse change was observed for its relation to the natural unemployment rate. If we assume that it will – as previously – strive to attain the equilibrium level, in the case of a downturn on the market for goods and services the actual unemployment among the rural population may considerably increase, particularly in the group of individuals whose main source of income is provided by unemployment benefits and the family farm.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Kołodziejczak W.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s102.pdf

Autor	Ryszard Kata
Tytuł	AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY IN POLAND IN THE CONTEXT OF STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE SECTOR IN 2002–2016
Title
Słowa kluczowe	agriculture, production factors, productivity of land and labour
Key words
Abstrakt	This paper attempts to analyse the changes in labour and land productivity in agriculture in Poland resulting from changes to the production structures in this sector, particularly changes in the relationships between production factors, i.e. land, labour and capital. The analysis covered the years 2002–2016. It was found that this period saw important changes in agriculture expressed in the concentration of agrarian structure and the progressive substitution of land and labour by capital, which was reflected in the increase of work technical equipment and the rate of technical progress. There was also a progressive outflow of some of the labour resources from agriculture. A positive correlation between the productivity of land and labour and the said structural changes in agriculture was found.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Kata R.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s109.pdf

Autor	Aleksandra Matuszewska-Janica
Tytuł	WOMEN’S LABOUR MARKET ACTIVITY IN THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR IN POLAND AND EUROPEAN UNION IN 2016
Title
Słowa kluczowe	labour market, female employment, cluster analysis, k-mean method
Key words
Abstrakt	The European authorities pay particular attention to agriculture and employees in this sector. Women represent more than 33% of this group in the European Union. A significant number of actions are targeted at women from rural areas, having regard to the mentioned issues and specific situation of women in the labour market. Therefore, it requires in-depth analyses. The main aim of the presented study is to assess the diversity of the situation of women working in agriculture across the EU. The quantitative analysis allows to indicate similarities and differences among EU states in the current structure of women’s employment in this sector. In the analysis, the k-mean method is applied with the Labour Force Survey data from the year 2016. The study refers to 28 EU states and a group of women aged 20–64. The obtained results indicated that we have a large proportion of self-employees in agriculture. However, we observe a larger percentage of those who create jobs for others states that are better economically developed. This analysis confirms the findings that the Polish structure of female employment is closer to those in the Mediterranean countries. Poland is assigned to one cluster with Greece. This group is distinguished by several factors. Firstly, it contains a high proportion of people employed in agriculture with a relatively small share of part-timers. Secondly, it is a very high rate of self-employed with a very low proportion of those who create jobs for others.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Matuszewska-Janica A.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s124.pdf

Autor	Łukasz Pietrych
Tytuł	IDENTIFICATION OF THE (DETERMINISTIC OR RANDOM) NATURE OF THE WHEAT PRICE VARIABILITY WITH THE APPLICATION OF RECURRENCE QUANTIFICATION ANALYSIS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	deterministic chaos, recurrence quantification analysis, wheat prices
Key words
Abstrakt	In this article performed was an analysis of the time series which presents the wheat price by means of recurrence quantification analysis. The main research problem was to ascertain whether the time series for this agricultural raw material may be considered as a system in which chaos has the deterministic nature, possibly with slight random disturbances. It was proved that it is justified to believe that the time series under analysis is characterized with the occurrence of deterministic chaos. The literature review led to believe that although this issue had been analysed in a large number of papers, most specialists confirm there is no conclusive evidence of chaos in economic or financial data.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Pietrych Ł.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s130.pdf

Autor	Monika Wojcieszak
Tytuł	WELFARE FARMS IN POLAND AS AN EXAMPLE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIES IN RURAL AREAS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	welfare farms, rural areas, agri-tourism
Key words
Abstrakt	The purpose of the paper was to present the importance of welfare farms in Poland as a social element of mutual relations, connections and co-operation in local and regional development. The concept of welfare farms is characterised in the study and the main idea of their formation is presented. Examples of welfare farms in Poland as part of the first pilot project known as ‘Zielona opieka – gospodarstwa opiekuńcze w woj. kujawsko-pomorskim’ (Green care: welfare farms in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodeship) have also been presented. It was also pointed out that social farming plays an increasingly important role in the contemporary development of rural areas. The paper was compiled using the desk research method and a classical analysis of documents was used. The choice of methods was determined by the availability of source materials, some of which were of primary or secondary nature (social farming literature, reports and public statistic documents). This paper also pointed to the fact that welfare farms are increasingly becoming a popular form of social service in rural areas. It also testifies to the entrepreneurship of farmers, because they offer not only accommodation and catering, but also care on their farms.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Wojcieszak M.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s161.pdf

Autor	Bartłomiej Bajan, Aldona Mrówczynska-Kamińska
Tytuł	GLOBAL DIFFERENCES IN LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY IN THE AGRIBUSINESS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	agribusiness, labour productivity, economic growth
Key words
Abstrakt	The purpose of this paper is to assess the global differences in labour productivity in the agribusiness. The relationship between a country’s economic development level (measured as GDP per capita) and labour productivity in the agriculture and across the entire agribusiness was measured in 39 countries around the world (which are entered to the World Input-Output Database and for which the relevant I/O tables were prepared) in 2000 and 2014. The input-output analysis, employed as the main research method, enabled the calculation of value added in the agriculture and elsewhere in the agribusiness. The results suggest the existence of a positive linear association between agribusiness labour productivity and economic development level, as corroborated by previous observations. In turn, two separate groups are noticeable in the relationship between agricultural labour productivity and the level of development of a country. In the first group of countries, agricultural labour productivity grows fast as the economy grows whereas in the second group, the growth rate of labour productivity clearly decreases as the economy grows. This study is a part of the discussion on the global agricultural development model which, on the one hand, calls for increasing the productivity of agricultural labour and, on the other, shows a need to reduce environmental degradation.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Bajan B., Mrówczynska-Kamińska A.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s191.pdf

Autor	Karolina Pawlak
Tytuł	COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES OF THE POLISH AGRI-FOOD SECTOR ON THE US MARKET
Title
Słowa kluczowe	comparative advantage, agri-food products, export, import, Poland, USA
Key words
Abstrakt	The aim of this paper is to identify the level and changes in comparative advantages of the Polish agri-food sector on the US market in 2004–2017. The following indicators were used in the comparative advantage analysis: Balassa’s Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Vollrath’s Revealed Competitiveness (RC), the Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) and the Lafay’s Trade Balance Index (TBI). A product mapping scheme based on the level of comparative advantage (RSCA) and export specialisation (TBI) was made. This study was supplemented with the analysis of values for the trade balance and shares of individual groups of products in the structure of Poland’s exports to the US. The analyses showed that, in the years 2004–2017, Poland attained high comparative advantages in trade with these assortment groups, which were characterised by the relatively highest shares in the structure of exports to the US, as well as generated a high and frequently improving positive trade balance.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Pawlak K.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s223.pdf

Autor	Magdalena Jaworska
Tytuł	FOOD IMPORTS AND FOOD SECURITY OF MAIN GLOBAL MARKET PLAYERS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	food, food security, importers, international trade
Key words
Abstrakt	The main purpose of this paper was to assess the openness of trade in food products in the context of changes in food security levels. The period covered by this study is 1995–2015. The research was based on outcomes reported by main players of the global market. The basic source of data were online databases and reports. Once collected, the data was analysed with the use of quantitative and qualitative research methods. Selected statistical methods, indices of structure and dynamics, indicators of economic openness and indicators related to three dimensions of security (availability, access and stability) were used. The analysis resulted in numerous conclusions. In the study period, food imports followed a global growth trend with alternating periods of contrasting developments. In the countries covered by this study, the openness of trade in food was higher than that of global imports and followed a growth trend. The singularities of the development of the agri-food sector were reflected in decreasing values of the exports-to-imports ratio, and were decisive for the positive growth rate of per capita agri-food output. According to the analysis of relationships between changes in trade levels and selected food security indicators, imports proved to be positively correlated with physical and economic availability, and negatively correlated with stability. Based on the results, a general conclusion may be drawn that economic growth resulted in structural changes which contributed to improving access to food.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Jaworska M.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s245.pdf

Autor	Beata Będzik, Sylwia Gołąb
Tytuł	INFLUENCE OF EDUCATION ON THE INVOLVEMENT OF INHABITANTS IN THE COMMUNITY AFFAIRS – IMPLICATION FOR THE SOCIAL CAPITAL
Title
Słowa kluczowe	education, involvement, social capital
Key words
Abstrakt	The aim of paper is to present the level of respondents involvement in the commune affairs. The results of the analyses presented in this paper come from surveys conducted using a questionnaire survey among residents of rural communes in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship. After rejecting incomplete and/or illogical questionnaires, 2,409 respondents were qualified for the analysis. The results confirmed the relationship between social capital and involvement of inhabitants in the community affairs. Verification of the existence of a relationship between the involvement in the commune affairs (social capital component) and the education of the respondents was verified. The research results indicate the diversity of involvement in level of education groups. The respondents with a minimum level of secondary education noted a positive average level of involvement, which means that they showed more interest in commune matters and willingness to get involved in them. The highest level of involvement was noted in the group of people with post-secondary education. Respondents with basic vocational and elementary and gymnasial education more often showed lack of involvement in the commune’s affairs, and thus they recorded negative average results of engagement.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Będzik B., Gołąb S.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s280.pdf

Autor	Bernadetta Dziura, Bogusław Ślusarczyk
Tytuł	SOCIAL CAPITAL AS A STIMULANT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTERPRISES IN THE PODKARPACKIE PROVINCE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	social capital, intellectual capital, enterprise, development
Key words
Abstrakt	Social capital is one of the essential elements of an enterprise’s development. Enterprises with a high level of social capital, due to the smooth flow of information, are predisposed to achieve higher innovation, gaining an advantage over competitors (Przybysz, 2011). The social capital affects the creation of the unique value of an enterprise, mainly through the structures of the connections network, social and cultural norms as well as trust (Dziura, 2016). Nowadays, it is analysed at various levels and in varying degrees, also in relation to territorial systems, including the provincial level. The present paper is an attempt to analyse and describe the impact of social capital on development of selected enterprises in the Podkarpackie province. Authors of the article, due to the conducted surveys, application of statistical methods and analysis of financial reports, aim at presenting the effects of investing in social capital.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Dziura B., Ślusarczyk B.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s326.pdf

Autor	Janusz Majewski, Agnieszka Sobolewska
Tytuł	COMPARATIVE LIFECYCLE ASSESSMENT OF APPLE PACKAGING
Title
Słowa kluczowe	environment, packaging, life cycle assessment (LCA)
Key words
Abstrakt	In the paper was presented a comparative analysis of the impact on the environment of the life cycle assessment of boxes made of polypropylene, re-HDPE and cardboard, which are used to transport of dessert apples. For this purpose, the SimaPro 7.1 computer program and attached databases were used. The calculations were made for 48 trading circulations. The obtained results indicate that the biggest negative impact on the environment among the analysed packaging was caused by cardboard boxes. Also packaging from recycled material (re-HDPE) is less friendly to environment than boxes made from new polypropylene. The estimated environmental impact of polypropylene boxes was 4.42 Pt (eco-indicator point), for re- HDPE and cardboard packaging it was 7.5 and 19.7% higher, respectively. The most important factor for the differences between the boxes was the durability of the packaging and the eventual need for multiple repeats of production phase, which include the acquisition of raw materials and processes related to the manufacturing of products.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Majewski J., Sobolewska A.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s340.pdf

Autor	Sebastian Jarzebowski
Tytuł	ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE OF SHORT SUPPLY CHAINS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	short food supply chain, supply chain management, sustainable development
Key words
Abstrakt	Within the framework of the paper, the author introduces issues connected to short food supply chains. There are many different forms of short food supply chains (SFSC), but they share a common characteristic of reduced numbers of intermediaries between the farmer or food producer, and the consumer. The growing interest in SFSCs is shown in the paper – this reflects mainly the consumer demand for quality and traceability, given the alarming health crises in food markets. From a customers’ point of view, SFSCs transfer more complete information about the origin of the food and, for producers, SFSCs retain a higher share of added value. The overview on the impact of short supply chains is provided in the paper. The results of the analysis show that the supply chain may have some beneficial economic effects. It is noticed that the SFSCs have potential to increase farm value added (profit allocation), promote sustainable farming systems, diversify production and contribute to local economic development.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Jarzebowski S.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s360.pdf

Autor	Bożena Freund
Tytuł	INFLUENCE OF COMMUNICATION OF MEDICAL PERSONNEL WITH PATIENTS ON HEALTH CARE UNITS MANAGEMENT PROCESSES
Title
Słowa kluczowe	communication, health care, patients, medical personnel, management
Key words
Abstrakt	A health care is characterised of creating an individual, specific relation between representatives of health care units and patients, which means that not only medical staff professionalism but also an empathetic attitude towards patients are important questions. Literature regarding the issue of communication with patients is growing, there are as well workshops in an effective communication, nevertheless the topic is still of minor importance. Meanwhile, relations between medical personnel and patients may put a major impact on the quality of health care as well as patients satisfaction with medical services, what is important from a management point of view. A proper way of patients’ treatment by medical personnel may result not only in better attitude towards therapy, but also it may influence a more efficient management of health care facilities, as patient satisfied with medical services may recommend an organisation, which may have a positive impact on an institution’s image, allowing a manager to focus on more important aspects of an institution management. For the above reasons it is important to get to know medical personnel’s attitude to developing as well as improving communication skills in order to provide a holistic patients care, what can significantly influence a health care units management. Medical staff communication skills are important not only from a treatment perspective, but they can also be significant from the perspective of health care organisations management. The study material was gathered in the first quarter of 2014. In the final analysis questionnaires from 113 representatives of various medical professions were taken into consideration. The study results show that in the process of medical professionals education there is only a little attention paid to acquiring communication skills regarding communication between a patient and medical personnel. Also, the hypothesis according to which medical personnel is satisfied with communication with patients was confirmed. Furthermore, medical staff agree in stating that they care for a proper communication with patients. Conclusions coming from the study results may define a specific way of health care units management, which should comprise, among others, financial resources for trainings in medical personnel soft skills improvement.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Freund B.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2018_n1_s5.pdf

Autor	Oleksii Lyulyov
Tytuł	MACROECONOMIC STABILITY AND SOCIAL PROGRESS IN THE EU MEMBER STATES AND UKRAINE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	economic growth, unemployment, macroeconomic stability, social factors, European Union, Ukraine.
Key words
Abstrakt	The main purpose of the study is the role and influence of social factors on macroeconomic stability. The research is based on the hypothesis that countries with greater macroeconomic stability achieve greater social progress. The integrated index of human capital is proposed as a target for the construction of an appropriate system for monitoring social progress, and in the future – identifying the impact on macroeconomic stability. The main stages of estimating the integral index of human capital are: identification of relevant indicators that will form each of the sub-indices; filtering the selected indicators in the previous stage based on the analysis of the correlation matrix of each of the subindices; normalization of indicators in each of the subindices, calculation of the integral index for each of the subindices, calculation of the final integral index of human capital. The calculations of the integrated capital human capital index for some of the EU countries (Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Croatia, Romania) and Ukraine for the period 2000–2015 allowed us to conclude that Romania and Ukraine were on a marginal level of social progress, while Lithuania, Poland and Croatia in the range of moderate level. The use of the OLS (the least squares) method to determine the significance of changes in social progress to macroeconomic stability has revealed a positive and statistically significant impact of social progress on macroeconomic stability.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Lyulyov O.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2018_n1_s53.pdf

Autor	Jarosław Przybytniowski
Tytuł	ECONOMIC KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS AND THE COMPETENCE OF THE YOUNG GENERATION OF THE ŚWIĘTOKRZYSKIE VOIVODESHIP IN THE ACHIEVEMENT OF FINANCIAL STABILITY
Title
Słowa kluczowe	economy knowledge, objective knowledge, economic awareness, subjective knowledge
Key words
Abstrakt	It has been found that the financial education increases substantially the economic knowledge to build awareness and competence of the younger generation and therefore the dissemination of this knowledge. The aim of this paper is to identify the importance of the knowledge economy in the growth of the build awareness and competence of the students in the management of finances in the current, constantly changing environment. Design development was subject to the hypothesis in accordance with that – there is a relationship of the knowledge economy and the increase of awareness and competence of the younger generation in achieving financial stability and their independence. This problem will be implemented using the analysis of the state of the knowledge economy university students of the Świętokrzyskie on individual economic areas. Method applied research area is anonymous questionnaire survey addressed directly using a survey to students study desktop and portable exams I and II degree.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Przybytniowski J.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2018_n1_s89.pdf

Autor	Rindu Bakti Tarigan, Ktut Mangani
Tytuł	OPERATIONAL RISK ANALYSIS OF NETWORK OPERATION CENTER DIVISION PT. IO
Title
Słowa kluczowe	risk, likelihood, impact, risk criteria, risk mitigation
Key words
Abstrakt	This research is try to identify the operational risks in Network Operation Center division of PT. IO; measure and evaluate the risks, as well as make control and response measures to operational risks. The research method was a survey and Focus Group Discussion, by using a questionnaire as a research tool. The sample selection is done by Quota sampling and Convenience sampling methods to the employees in Division Network Operating Center PT.IO, which has had experience of at least 5 years. The results showed that as many as 40 out of 49 identified risks have been handled properly. Against these risks, the company have 35 standard operating procedure documents (SOPs) as a mitigation of those risks. Nonetheless, efforts are needed to improve and update mitigation strategies because of the possibility of new risks and increased risk levels. It becomes a suggestion for further research as well as suggestion to undertake further research on mitigation at the division and director level.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Bakti Tarigan R., Mangani K.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2018_n1_s115.pdf

Autor	Vita Boychenko, Dmytro Tsyhaniuk
Tytuł	STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF TRANSNATIONAL BANKS IN THE INTERNATIONAL MARKET AFTER THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	strategic management, transnational banks, international market, financial crisis, post-crisis development.
Key words
Abstrakt	The article identifies post-crisis determinants of strategic management of transnational banks in the market of direct investments by means of the correlation analysis of the dependence of growth of external assets of transnational banks of European countries on the indicators of profitability and financial stability of banking systems of the countries of placement of subsidiary banks, the efficiency of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy in these countries, the structure of a complex financial crisis and the speed of post-crisis recovery of the country, ease of doing business. There is no obvious connection between the presence of foreign banks in the banking system and indicators of profitability, ease of doing business and financial stability of banking systems. This is confirmed by the correlation analysis of 45 indicators on the example of 26 European countries for 2009–2011 (the period immediately after the end of the global financial crisis of 2008–2009). It is proved that in the post-crisis period, for transnational banks, the decision of increasing/decreasing the volume of assets in the banking system of the host country is dominated by: 1) the structure of a complex financial crisis; 2) the speed of post-crisis recovery of economies and banking systems of these countries; 3) the effectiveness of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy in these countries
Abstract
Cytowanie	Boychenko V., Tsyhaniuk D.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2018_n1_s131.pdf

Autor	Serhiy Lyeonov, Tetiana Vasylieva, Anna Vorontsova
Tytuł	MANAGEMENT OF EDUCATION IN THE CONTEXT OF ITS FINANCIAL SUPPORT AS A PUBLIC-PRIVATE GOOD
Title
Słowa kluczowe	financial support, lifelong learning system, public goods, private goods.
Key words
Abstrakt	In the article the essence and main characteristics of public and private goods are investigated, their main differences are revealed. Based on this, the main features of public goods were identified, including the nature of consumption, exclusivity of consumption, level of competition in providing services, exhaustiveness of services, level of social significance, etc. A comparative analysis of the peculiarities of funding for education at different levels (primary, secondary education, post-secondary/total tertiary education) and funding sources (public and private expenditures) has been conducted. It is substantiated that the basis for determining the optimal financial support structure for LLS development should be the level of compliance of educational services with the criteria for meeting public and private goods. On the basis of this, it was found that the ratio of budget and extrabudgetary funding for basic education services should be 90 to 10%; for vocational education services – 60–70% to 30–40%; and for services of additional education – 20–40% to 60–80%.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Lyeonov S., Vasylieva T., Vorontsova A.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2018_n1_s163.pdf