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Autor	Marian Podstawka
Tytuł	Inflacja a koszty produkcji wybranych produktów rolniczych w 2022 roku
Title	INFLATION AND PRODUCTION COSTS OF SELECTED AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN POLAND IN 2022
Słowa kluczowe	produkcja rolna, inflacja, cena, prognoza
Key words	agricultural production, inflation, price, forecast
Abstrakt	Celem opracowania było przedstawienie działań podejmowanych, w ostatnich latach, przez państwowe władze publiczne wpływających na inflację w Polsce. Na tym tle dokonano oceny wzrostu cen na rolnicze kupowane środki produkcji, które skorelowano ze strukturą kosztów i na tej podstawie oszacowany został wzrost kosztów produkcji podstawowych produktów rolniczych w 2022 roku. Następnie ten prognozowany wzrost kosztów produkcji odniesiono do szacowanych przychodów. Pozwoliło to ustalić ich wzrost, który umożliwiałby utrzymanie dotychczasowego poziomu dochodów rolniczych. Działania ratunkowe rządu wywołane przez COVID-19 miały trzy główne źródła finansowania:• wydatki budżetu państwa i budżetu środków europejskich – 23,2 mld zł,• Fundusz Przeciwdziałania COVID-19 – 92,7 mld zł,• tarcze finansowe Polskiego Funduszu Rozwoju – 63,5 mld zł,O ile działania interwencyjne rządu, w warunkach kryzysu, należy ocenić pozytywnie, to ich sposoby realizacji krytycznie. Wsparcie finansowe w ramach tarcz otrzymały firmy, które wykazywały spadek obrotów spowodowany pandemią koronawirusa. W efekcie wspierano te firmy, które być może celowo tworzyły warunki do otrzymania wsparcia. Firmy dobrze prosperujące w warunkach COVID-19 takiego wsparcia były natomiast pozbawione.We wszystkich analizowanych rodzajach działalności produkcji rolniczej roślinnej w 2022 roku nastąpi wzrost kosztów ich wytwarzania o około 50-60% Wyjątkiem będzie produkcja żyta, gdzie wzrost kosztów będzie jeszcze wyższy.
Abstract	The aim of the paper is to present measures taken in recent years by state public authoritiesthat affect inflation in Poland. An assessment was made of the growth in prices for purchasedagricultural inputs, which was correlated with cost structures, and on this basis an increase in theproduction costs of basic agricultural products in 2022 was estimated. This projected increase inproduction costs was then related to estimated income. This made it possible to determine theirgrowth, which would allow the current level of agricultural income to be maintained. Thegovernment rescue measures triggered by COVID-19 had three main sources of funding:expenditure of the state budget and the budget of European funds - PLN 23.2 billion, COVID-19Counteracting Fund - PLN 92.7 billion, and financial shields of the Polish Development Fund -PLN 63.5 billion,While the government's intervention activities, under the conditions of the crisis, should beassessed positively, their methods of implementation should be assessed critically. Financialsupport under the shields was given to companies that showed a decline in turnover caused by thecoronavirus pandemic. As a result, those companies that may have deliberately created theconditions to receive support were supported. In all analyzed types of agricultural crop productionactivities in 2022, there will be an increase in the cost of their production by about 50-60%. Theexception will be the production of rye, where the cost increase will be even higher.
Cytowanie	Podstawka M. (2022) Inflacja a koszty produkcji wybranych produktów rolniczych w 2022 roku.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 27(76): 89-98
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2022_n76_s89.pdf

Autor	Dorota Pasińska
Tytuł	Handel zagraniczny produktami mięsnymi Polski z Japonią w latach 2004-2019
Title	Foreign Trade in Meat Products between Poland and Japan in 2004-2019
Słowa kluczowe	eksport, import, Japonia, bariery pozataryfowe, produkty mięsne
Key words	export, import, Japan, non-tariff barriers, meat products
Abstrakt	Głównym celem artykułu jest charakterystyka zmian w handlu zagranicznym produktami mięsnymi Polski z Japonią w latach 2004-2019. Zastosowano następujące metody: analiza porównawcza w czasie eksportu produktów mięsnych oraz wchodzących w jej skład głównych grup produktowych, analiza struktury towarowej tego eksportu. Otrzymane wyniki mogą być wykorzystane przez różnych uczestników łańcucha dostaw (np. przetwórców czy handel), mogą stanowić wsparcie nie tylko dla polityki gospodarczej państwa w zakresie kształtowania relacji handlowych, ale także dla przedsiębiorstw eksportujących, które są zainteresowane określeniem swojej pozycji konkurencyjnej na rynku (np. mogą oszacować swój udział w eksporcie do Japonii określonych grup asortymentowych) czy rozważyć ewentualne uplasowanie swoich produktów na tym rynku. W badaniach wykorzystano dane OECD, ITC Trade Map i niepublikowane dane roczne dotyczące eksportu i importu Ministerstwa Finansów z lat 2004-2019.
Abstract	The main purpose of the article is to describe the changes in foreign trade in meat products between Poland and Japan in the years 2004-2019. The following methods were used: comparative analysis over time of the export of meat products and its main product groups, analysis of the commodity structure of these exports. The obtained results can be implemented by various participants in the supply chain (e.g. processors or trade), they may support not only the economic policy of the state in terms of shaping trade relations, but also exporting enterprises interested in determining their competitive position market (e.g. they can estimate their share in exports to Japan of certain product groups) or consider the possible placement of their products on this market. The research used OECD, ITC Trade Map data and unpublished annual data on exports and imports of the Ministry of Finance from 2004 to 2019.
Cytowanie	Pasińska D. (2021) Handel zagraniczny produktami mięsnymi Polski z Japonią w latach 2004-2019.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 21(36), z. 1: 16-32
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2021_T21(36)_n1_s16.pdf

Autor	Elwira Laskowska, Kamil Stefański
Tytuł	Determinanty zróżnicowania regionalnego cen gruntów rolnych w Polsce
Title	Determinants of Regional Differentiation of Agricultural Land Prices in Poland
Słowa kluczowe	cena gruntów rolnych, zróżnicowanie regionalne, Polska
Key words	price of agricultural land, regional differentiation, Poland
Abstrakt	Celem badań zaprezentowanych w niniejszym artykule była próba wyjaśnienia regionalnego zróżnicowania cen gruntów ornych w Polsce w 2018 roku w aspekcie uwarunkowań przyrodniczo-ekonomicznych, wynikających zarówno z czynników charakteryzujących wielkość, strukturę i jakość gruntów, jak również poziomu rozwoju gospodarczego i potencjału rolniczego poszczególnych województw. W badaniach zastosowano analizę jakościową i ilościową danych statystycznych GUS. Wyniki przeprowadzonej analizy potwierdziły zróżnicowanie regionalne uwarunkowań przyrodniczo-ekonomicznych oraz poziomu cen i czynszów dzierżawnych na rynku gruntów rolnych w Polsce. Wśród zmiennych wyjaśniających zróżnicowanie cen gruntów znalazły się wskaźniki charakteryzujące jakość zasobu gruntów rolnych, ich dochodowość oraz potencjał rolniczy danego regionu.
Abstract	The aim of the research presented in this article was an attempt to explain the regional differentiation of arable land prices in 2018 in terms of natural and economic conditions, resulting both from factors characterizing the size, structure and quality of land, as well as the level of economic development and agricultural potential of individual voivodeships. The research used qualitative and quantitative analysis of Polish Statistical Office data. The results of the analysis carried out confirmed the regional differentiation of natural and economic conditions as well as the level of prices and rents on the agricultural land market in Poland. The variables explaining the differentiation in land prices include indicators characterizing the quality of the agricultural land resource, its profitability and the agricultural potential of a given region.
Cytowanie	Laskowska E., Stefański K. (2021) Determinanty zróżnicowania regionalnego cen gruntów rolnych w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 21(36), z. 3: 41-54
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2021_T21(36)_n3_s41.pdf

Autor	Lesia Voliak
Tytuł	Analytical assessment of sunflower production in ukraine
Title
Słowa kluczowe	sunflower, production, area, yield, market, profitability, index analysis
Key words
Abstrakt	The article considers the current state of sunflower production in Ukraine. The main indicators of the industry, the dynamics of changes in the area of sunflower crops, yield and profitability are analyzed. The main factors influencing the production of sunflower using index analysis have been studied. The regional structure of sunflower production is considered with the separation of groups of enterprises by organizational form. Ukrainian enterprises are provided with proposals to increase the level of industry development and production.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Voliak L.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2021_n16_s101.pdf

Autor	Karol Sołek, Bogusław Ślusarczyk
Tytuł	ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS OF YOUNG CONSUMERS ON THE EXAMPLE OF STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF RZESZÓW
Title
Słowa kluczowe	ecological awareness, environmental protection, consumer behaviour
Key words
Abstrakt	The justification for the selection of the topic and undertaking the research were information gaps in the field of the behaviour of young consumers in the area of activities related to the environment. The study used a deliberate selection of the sample due to the direction and year of education, as well as the stratified selec_x0002_tion – the population structure and the divisions into layers according to specific characteristics were known. The technique of auditorium survey was used. The analysed students are characterised by a high level of environmental awareness and a sense of responsibility for them as informed and pragmatic consumers. They engage in pro-ecological behaviour and, as committed and ecological consumers, create the desired patterns of consumer behaviour. The analysed students have a sense of responsibility for the surrounding environ_x0002_ment, and the belief in individual influence is reflected in pro-ecological behaviour.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Sołek K., Ślusarczyk B.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2021_n5_s62.pdf

Autor	Radovan Savov, Xénia Szarková
Tytuł	THE CONTRIBUTION OF BREWERIES TO THE V4 ECONOMY
Title
Słowa kluczowe	excise duties, direct employment, V4, the brewing industry
Key words
Abstrakt	The consumption of beer can be considered a cultural element of many European countries. Therefore, it rep_x0002_resents a great contribution to Central European economies mainly in terms of employment, value-added or taxes and duties. Since beer has a plentiful history and permanent popularity, the most powerful global multi_x0002_nationals gradually took over the global market over the last few decades. Therefore, globalization highly af_x0002_fected the structure of the brewing industry that caused the homogenization of products. The aforementioned and also other factors have led to the increase in the establishment of local craft breweries which produce the beloved beverage characterised by traditional recipe and uniqueness. Hence, in this article, we are focus_x0002_ing on the selected macroeconomic indicators like employment or excise duties generated by breweries in Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, and the Czech Republic. Since there is no separate economic data available on industrial and craft beer yet, we focused on the economic impacts of the brewing industry in general, during the period 2010–2019. In the first part of the results, we provide the rate of excise duty on beer as opposed to other alcoholic beverages and in the second part, we focus on direct employment in the industry. The last part focuses on the relation between these two variables by using regression analysis.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Savov R., Szarková X.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2021_n5_s76.pdf

Autor	Stanisław Bereziński, Tomasz Rokicki
Tytuł	FINANCING OF LINEAR ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE IN POLAND
Title	Finansowanie liniowej infrastruktury drogowej w Polsce
Słowa kluczowe	infrastructure, road transport, road expenditure, European funds
Key words	infrastruktura, transport drogowy, wydatki na drogi, fundusze europejskie
Abstrakt	The main purpose of the paper was to identify and present the situation and changes in the level of expenditure on public roads in Poland, taking into account the division of the country into voivodships. The data concerned the period from 2005 to 2017. Sources of materials were the analysis of available literature in the field of road transport, legal acts, data from the CSO database. The comparative method was used in the paper, dynamics indicators were evaluated, the Gini concentration coefficient was calculated and the degree of concentration was presented using the Lorenz curve. Pearson's linear correlation coefficients were also used. A descriptive, tabular and graphic method were used to present the results. Investment outlays on roads apply to both the construction of new roads and the repair of existing ones. Between 2005-2017, the length of public roads in Poland increased by 11% to 422,000 km. Changes in individual voivodships and in subsequent years varied. The largest increase in road length occurred in Podlaskie and Lublin, while the smallest was in Opole. The largest expenditure on public roads was incurred in 2009-2011, which was related to the preparation for the Euro 2012 football tournament, which took place in Poland and Ukraine. Investment outlays were related to the level of economic development of voivodships and the resources of public roads. The only exception to this rule occurred in 2009-2011, when many road investments were centrally financed by the government.
Abstract	Celem głównym pracy było rozpoznanie i przedstawienie sytuacji oraz zmian w poziomie wydatków na drogi publiczne. Badania dotyczyły Polski, z uwzględnieniem podziału na województwa. Dane dotyczyły lat 2005-2017. Źródła materiałów stanowiła analiza dostępnej literatury z zakresu transportu drogowego, akty prawne, dane z bazy danych GUS. W pracy wykorzystano metodę porównawczą, posługiwano się wskaźnikami dynamiki, obliczono współczynnik koncentracji Giniego oraz przedstawiono stopień koncentracji za pomocą krzywej Lorenza. Zastosowano również współczynniki korelacji liniowej Pearsona. Do prezentacji wyników badań zastosowano metodę opisową, tabelaryczna i graficzną. Nakłady inwestycyjne na drogi dotyczą zarówno budowy nowych dróg, jak również naprawy już istniejących. W latach 2005-2017 długość dróg publicznych w Polsce wzrosła o 11% do 422 tys. km. Zmiany w poszczególnych województwach i latach były zróżnicowane. Największy przyrost dróg nastąpił w województwach podlaskim i lubelskim, a najmniejszy w opolskim. Największe nakłady inwestycyjne na drogi publiczne poniesiono w latach 2009-2011, co było związane z przygotowaniem do turnieju piłkarskiego Euro 2012, który odbył się w Polsce i na Ukrainie. Nakłady inwestycyjne były związane z poziomem rozwoju gospodarczego województw oraz z zasobem dróg publicznych. Jedyny wyjątek od tej reguły wystąpił w latach 2009-2011, gdy centralnie finansowano wiele inwestycji drogowych.
Cytowanie	Bereziński S., Rokicki T. (2020) FINANCING OF LINEAR ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE IN POLAND.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 24(73): 205-213
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2020_n73_s205.pdf

Autor	Yılmaz Toktaş
Tytuł	SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COVID-19 CASES AND GLOBALISATION IN EUROPE
Title	Analiza przestrzenna relacji między przypadkami Covid-19 a globalizacją w Europie
Słowa kluczowe	spatial analyses, Covid-19, Europe, globalisation
Key words	analizy przestrzenne, Covid-19, Europa, globalizacja
Abstrakt	With the globalisation process, economic, social and political structures have become more and more intertwined. Due to the current Covid-19 pandemic, it has been observed that epidemics such as Covid-19 are globalising and that they turn into pandemics on a global scale. In this study, it is suggested that, along with Covid-19’s distinctive abilities such as spreading rapidly, the fact that the world has become more mobile and integrated due to globalisation is considered to have an impact on the pandemic; thus, the effect of globalisation on Covid-19 cases in European countries was investigated through spatial analysis methods. The results of Moran’s I test carried out on Covid-19 cases in European countries suggest that there is positive autocorrelation. According to the LISA analysis results, it was found that the UK, the Netherlands, France, and Belgium not only have a higher number of Covid-19 cases, but also have been affected by the countries with a number of cases above the European mean. According to the results of Spatial Error Model designed to examine the effect of globalisation, it was found that globalisation had a slight but positive effect on Covid-19 cases in Europe.
Abstract	Wraz z procesem globalizacji struktury gospodarcze, społeczne i polityczne stają się coraz bardziej ze sobą powiązane. Ze względu na obecną pandemię Covid-19 zaobserwowano, że epidemie takie jak Covid-19 zglobalizują się i przekształcają się w pandemie na skalę globalną. W badaniu tym sugeruje się, że wraz z charakterystycznymi zdolnościami Covid-19, takimi jak szybkie rozprzestrzenianie się, fakt, że świat stał się bardziej mobilny i zintegrowany z powodu globalizacji, jest uważany za mający wpływ na pandemię; w związku z tym wpływ globalizacji na przypadki Covid-19 w krajach europejskich badano za pomocą metod analizy przestrzennej. Wyniki testu I Morana przeprowadzonego na temat przypadków Covid-19 w krajach europejskich sugerują, że istnieje pozytywna autokorelacja Zgodnie z wynikami analizy LISA stwierdzono, że Zjednoczone Królestwo, Niderlandy, Francja i Belgia mają nie tylko większą liczbę spraw dotyczących covid-19, ale także zostały dotknięte przez kraje, w których wiele przypadków jest powyżej średniej europejskiej. Zgodnie z wynikami modelu błędu przestrzennego mającego na celu zbadanie wpływu globalizacji stwierdzono, że globalizacja miała niewielki, ale pozytywny wpływ na przypadki Covid-19 w Europie.
Cytowanie	Toktaş Y. (2020) SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COVID-19 CASES AND GLOBALISATION IN EUROPE.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 24(73): 255-265
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2020_n73_s255.pdf

Autor	Yuriy Hubeni, Volodymyr Krupa, Oksana Krupa, Sofiia Tsiolkovska
Tytuł	The Foreign Economic Vector of Agribusiness Activity in the Western Region of Ukraine
Title	The Foreign Economic Vector of Agribusiness Activity in the Western Region of Ukraine
Słowa kluczowe	foreign economic activity, agribusiness, international trade, export and import of agricultural products, Western region of Ukraine
Key words	foreign economic activity, agribusiness, international trade, export and import of agricultural products, Western region of Ukraine
Abstrakt	The article is devoted to researching peculiarities and trends of foreign economic activity of agribusinesses in the Western region of Ukraine according to the terms of the Ukraine-European Union Association Agreement. The authors discuss the theoretical essence of agribusiness, as a kind of entrepreneurship, and the nature of foreign economic activity of enterprises. The main conditions of free trade in agricultural products introduced by the terms of the Agreement are determined and their influence on agribusiness export-import operation dynamics in the Western economic region is analyzed. The contribution of certain regions to forming agrarian product export and import volume and structure is considered and the reasons for the considerable advantages of the Lviv region in foreign trade turnover of the Western region are elucidated. It was found that agribusiness cooperation with foreign partners is mainly realized by indirect methods through trade agency organizations or agrarian holding companies. The structure dynamics of production goods for export and import by agribusinesses was studied. Based on the results, some negative tendencies for the Ukrainian economy were noted. They include the preservation of raw exports with a high share of plant origin products and timber, and the predominance of ready-made products with high added value in the import structure. It was established that the Agreement and social political events in Ukraine changed the direction of some export-import flows of agribusiness from CIS countries towards the markets of the European Union and Asian countries. According to the scale of external trade operations with enterprises of the Western region of Ukraine, in general, and within certain trade groups, in particular, country-leaders are defined. Some positive and negative consequences of changes in the foreign economic activity vector are described. And finally, measures which will ensure an expansion and strengthening of Ukraine’s agribusiness presence on international market, are suggested.
Abstract	The article is devoted to researching peculiarities and trends of foreign economic activity of agribusinesses in the Western region of Ukraine according to the terms of the Ukraine-European Union Association Agreement. The authors discuss the theoretical essence of agribusiness, as a kind of entrepreneurship, and the nature of foreign economic activity of enterprises. The main conditions of free trade in agricultural products introduced by the terms of the Agreement are determined and their influence on agribusiness export-import operation dynamics in the Western economic region is analyzed. The contribution of certain regions to forming agrarian product export and import volume and structure is considered and the reasons for the considerable advantages of the Lviv region in foreign trade turnover of the Western region are elucidated. It was found that agribusiness cooperation with foreign partners is mainly realized by indirect methods through trade agency organizations or agrarian holding companies. The structure dynamics of production goods for export and import by agribusinesses was studied. Based on the results, some negative tendencies for the Ukrainian economy were noted. They include the preservation of raw exports with a high share of plant origin products and timber, and the predominance of ready-made products with high added value in the import structure. It was established that the Agreement and social political events in Ukraine changed the direction of some export-import flows of agribusiness from CIS countries towards the markets of the European Union and Asian countries. According to the scale of external trade operations with enterprises of the Western region of Ukraine, in general, and within certain trade groups, in particular, country-leaders are defined. Some positive and negative consequences of changes in the foreign economic activity vector are described. And finally, measures which will ensure an expansion and strengthening of Ukraine’s agribusiness presence on international market, are suggested.
Cytowanie	Hubeni Y., Krupa V., Krupa O., Tsiolkovska S. (2020) The Foreign Economic Vector of Agribusiness Activity in the Western Region of Ukraine.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 20(35), z. 4: 29-46
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2020_T20(35)_n4_s29.pdf

Autor	Ogheneruemu Obi-Egbedi, Omowunmi Ogungbite, Isaac Oluwatayo
Tytuł	Genetically Modified Crops’ Technology and its Awareness among Smallholder Farmers in Nigeria
Title	Genetically Modified Crops’ Technology and its Awareness among Smallholder Farmers in Nigeria
Słowa kluczowe	GMOs, smallholder farmers, awareness for GM crops, Credible seed sources, Agricultural technology
Key words	GMOs, smallholder farmers, awareness for GM crops, Credible seed sources, Agricultural technology
Abstrakt	Genetically Modified (GM) crops are crops modified through genetic engineering to improve their quality. Although safety concerns about genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are still being debated, the food security benefits have led to adoption by many counties. In Nigeria, where most farmers are uneducated and likely unaware of the agricultural technology, the government approved its first biotechnology crop for commercialization in 2018. Level of farmers’ awareness is crucial to acceptance of GM crops, although; this has not been fully explored in the literature. Therefore, this study aimed to assess farmers’ awareness for GM crops and the factors that determine their awareness in Oyo state, Nigeria, using primary data collected in 2018 with the aid of well-structured questionnaires from 242 smallholder farmers. Principal component analysis and Tobit regression model were used for data analysis. Results showed that farmers were aged 43 years with farm size of 3.57 ha, farming experience of 14 years and 11 years of education. Most farmers were male (71.90%), married (67.36%), not members of farmer groups (64.46%) and sourced their seeds from non-credible sources (85.12%). Most farmers (52.07%) had either not heard of or did not know of any benefits/costs of GM crops, hence; were not aware of GM crops. Factors that influenced awareness of GM crops were being a male farmer, years of education and source of seeds. The study concluded that increasing years of education and ensuring use of credible seed sources will increase awareness of the costs and benefits of GM crops among farmers.
Abstract	Genetically Modified (GM) crops are crops modified through genetic engineering to improve their quality. Although safety concerns about genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are still being debated, the food security benefits have led to adoption by many counties. In Nigeria, where most farmers are uneducated and likely unaware of the agricultural technology, the government approved its first biotechnology crop for commercialization in 2018. Level of farmers’ awareness is crucial to acceptance of GM crops, although; this has not been fully explored in the literature. Therefore, this study aimed to assess farmers’ awareness for GM crops and the factors that determine their awareness in Oyo state, Nigeria, using primary data collected in 2018 with the aid of well-structured questionnaires from 242 smallholder farmers. Principal component analysis and Tobit regression model were used for data analysis. Results showed that farmers were aged 43 years with farm size of 3.57 ha, farming experience of 14 years and 11 years of education. Most farmers were male (71.90%), married (67.36%), not members of farmer groups (64.46%) and sourced their seeds from non-credible sources (85.12%). Most farmers (52.07%) had either not heard of or did not know of any benefits/costs of GM crops, hence; were not aware of GM crops. Factors that influenced awareness of GM crops were being a male farmer, years of education and source of seeds. The study concluded that increasing years of education and ensuring use of credible seed sources will increase awareness of the costs and benefits of GM crops among farmers.
Cytowanie	Obi-Egbedi O., Ogungbite O., Oluwatayo I. (2020) Genetically Modified Crops’ Technology and its Awareness among Smallholder Farmers in Nigeria.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 20(35), z. 4: 58-67
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2020_T20(35)_n4_s58.pdf

Autor	Helga Pavlić Skender, Antonela Štefanić, Petra Zaninović
Tytuł	The logistics performance analysis in European Union – EU-15 vs. EU-13
Title	Analiza wydajności logistycznej w Unii Europejskiej – UE-15 vs. UE-13
Słowa kluczowe	logistics, logistics performance index – LPI, European Union, EU-15, EU-13
Key words	logistyka, wskaźnik wydajności logistyki – LPI, Unia Europejska, EU-15, EU-13
Abstrakt	Logistics accounts for 14% of total GDP in the European Union countries, which shows the importance of the logistics service and performance of the European Union countries. Logistics market of EU-15 countries is well developed while most of EU-13 countries need to address poor railway infrastructure and other political issues related to corruption and lack of competitiveness. However, EU-13 economies are growing fast and can benefit even more from the improvements in logistics market. Therefor this paper aims to analyze logistics performance in the European Union, distinguishing between EU-15 and EU-13 countries. For our analysis we use Worlds Bank Logistics Performance Index (LPI) which is a tool that measures the quality, velocity, accuracy and simplicity of the logistics processes. The analysis covers the period from 2010 to 2018. The results of our analysis show that some EU-13 countries are lagging behind EU-15 countries in terms of logistics performance, while countries like Poland, Czech Republic and Hungary are the best logistics performers among all EU-13 countries. Results also shows us correlation between logistics performance and economic growth which imply that EU-13 countries must take step forward in their logistics performance in order to integrate in regional and global supply chain and thus enhance their economic position and competitiveness.
Abstract	Logistyka stanowi 14% całkowitego PKB krajów Unii Europejskiej, co wskazuje na duże znaczenie tego sektora dla wyników ekonomicznych krajów członkowskich Unii Europejskiej. Rynek logistyczny krajów UE-15 jest dobrze rozwinięty, podczas gdy większość krajów UE-13 powinno podjąć działania dla rozwoju słabej infrastruktury kolejowej oraz pochylić się nad kwestiami politycznymi związanymi z korupcją, czy brakiem konkurencyjności. Szybko rozwijające się gospodarki UE-13 mogą jednak skorzystać na poprawie rynku usług sektora logistycznego. Celem artykułu było określenie wydajności sektora logistyki w Unii Europejskiej z podziałem na kraje UE-15 i UE-13. W pracy wykorzystano wskaźnik wydajności logistyki według Banku Światowego (Logistics Performance Index – LPI), który jest narzędziem określającym jakość, szybkość, dokładność i prostotę procesów logistycznych. Analiza objęła okres od 2010 do 2018 roku. Wyniki wskazują, że niektóre kraje UE-13 pozostają w tyle za członkami UE-15 pod względem wyników logistycznych, podczas gdy kraje takie jak Polska, Czechy i Węgry osiągają najlepsze wyniki logistyczne wśród krajów UE-13. Wyniki wskazują również na korelację między wynikami logistyki a wzrostem gospodarczym. To oznacza, że kraje UE-13 muszą zrobić krok naprzód w swoich wynikach logistycznych, aby zintegrować się z regionalnym i globalnym łańcuchem dostaw, a tym samym poprawić swoją pozycję gospodarczą i konkurencyjność.
Cytowanie	Pavlić Skender H., Štefanić A., Zaninović P.
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Pełny tekst	EIOL_2020_T5_n3_s5.pdf

Autor	Joanna Domagała
Tytuł	Macro-logistics as tools for shaping today’s economy
Title	Makrologistyka narzędziem kształtowania współczesnej gospodarki
Słowa kluczowe	micro-logistic, macro-logistic, economy, Poland
Key words	mikrologistyka, makrologistyka, gospodarka, Polska
Abstrakt	The aim of the article is to determine the essence of micro- and macrologistics and to present the elements of the macro-logistics system as factors in the development of the Polish economy. Secondary data was used to present the current state and perspectives for the development of four elements of the macrologistics sub-system in Poland, i.e.: transport networks, systems of product distribution, infrastructure connected with the flow of information and systems for the management and treatment of waste. Also, the growing role of Polish logistics in Europe was noted.
Abstract	Celem artykułu jest określenie istoty mikro- i makrologistyki oraz przedstawienie elementów systemu makrologistyki jako czynników rozwoju polskiej gospodarki. Wykorzystując dane wtórne, zaprezentowano stan i perspektywy rozwoju czterech elementów podsystemu makrologistycznego w Polsce tj.: sieci transportowych, systemów dystrybucji produktów, infrastruktury związanej z przepływem informacji oraz systemów zagospodarowywania i utylizacji odpadów. Wskazano również rosnącą rolę polskiej logistyki w Europie.
Cytowanie	Domagała J.
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Pełny tekst	EIOL_2020_T5_n3_s31.pdf

Autor	Alexandra-Maria Chirilas, Diana Foris
Tytuł	DEVELOPMENT OF AGRITOURISM THROUGH THE CONCEPT OF LOCAL GASTRONOMY POINTS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	agritourism, rural areas, local gastronomy
Key words
Abstrakt	This paper addresses issues regarding the new government initiative Local Gastronomic Points to develop rural areas with agritourism potential in Romania by highlighting the local gastronomy. The main objective of this research is to identify how the concept of Local Gastronomic Points is perceived in terms of the opinion of the owners who manage such businesses and to identify the implications of this concept in the development of agritourism. In this respect, qualitative marketing research based on the semi-structured interview method was conducted at the level of the rural tourist destination Vama Buzaului, Romania. The main conclusion of the study is that the Local Gastronomic Points is an initiative that demonstrates that it can generate horizontal development of the rural areas and the development of agritourism. The research results revealed that this concept enhances the local community and gastronomy. Starting from these results, we propose to design a unitary Gastro Local concept at the county level, which should include specific requirements regarding the culinary preparations and services, the standardization of the marking and signalling of these Points, and intense activity of information and tourist promotion. The results of the study are conclusive and relevant for stakeholders in agritourism, for the responsible public authorities in the field of tourism, to develop competitive rural tourist destinations. The paper also offers future research directions.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Chirilas A., Foris D.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2020_n4_s43.pdf

Autor	Tetiana Balanovska, Olga Gogulya, Volodymyr Kharchenko, Hanna Kharchenko
Tytuł	COGNITIVE MODELLING OF AN EFFECTIVE SYSTEM OF INFORMATION SUPPORT OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES
Title
Słowa kluczowe	information support, cognitive approach, modelling, forecasting, poorly structured system, cognitive modelling of efficiency of functioning of the information system of agricultural entrepreneurship
Key words
Abstrakt	This article encompasses the methodology of cognitive modelling of complex poorly structured systems. Based on the expert method and with the help of this modelling methodology, the main factors that influence the effectiveness of information support of agricultural entrepreneurship were identified and the direction of their action was determined. There has been developed a cognitive map that reflects the cumulative impact of various factors on each other, as well as on the effectiveness of the information system for agricultural entrepreneurship. Hidden patterns between factors influencing the effectiveness of information support of agricultural entrepreneurship are revealed based on the cognitive map. The scenario approach is simulated based on different trends that reflect the current situation. This model allows us to further evaluate the performance of the system of information support of agricultural entrepreneurship under the influence of the environment, to predict its development, as well as to develop optimal strategic decisions that are aimed at ensuring sustainable development.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Balanovska T., Gogulya O., Kharchenko V., Kharchenko H.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2020_n4_s55.pdf

Autor	Marian Podstawka, Łukasz Podstawka
Tytuł	TAXATION OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITY IN POLAND: THE CURRENT STATE AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
Title	Stan i perspektywy opodatkowania działalności rolniczej w Polsce
Słowa kluczowe	farm, agricultural activity, agricultural tax, forestry tax, property tax, income tax, revenue tax, level of income taxation, level of revenue taxation
Key words	gospodarstwo rolne, działalność rolnicza, podatek rolny, podatek leśny, podatek od nieruchomości, podatek dochodowy, podatek od przychodów, stopień opodatkowania dochodów, przychodów
Abstrakt	This study is a response to an ongoing debate on changes in the taxation of agricultural income. The current taxes applicable to farms in Poland do not concern income per se – they are property taxes which include: agricultural tax on land, forestry tax and property tax. Although these taxes do not refer to agricultural income, they are paid by it. It is important, therefore, to know how much this income is reduced by these taxes. Studies show that it is about 10%. Therefore, when a new income tax structure is introduced, its rate should not exceed 10%. The calculation of farm income in Poland will encounter many problems, such as establishing a catalogue of costs, which will include depreciation. In order to include it when calculating income, the present value of a farm’s fixed assets should first be established, which may encounter major substantive and organizational difficulties. More problems will surely follow, such as: dividing costs between household and agricultural holding, determining what a fixed asset is in the case of a farm, etc. It seems that calculating farm income is unavoidable. On the one hand, it is necessary for the potential introduction of income tax. On the other hand, having recognized the income situation of farms, one could resign from estimating losses caused by drought or other unfortunate events. Compensation could be granted due to income losses. This would be a clearer, more obvious and objective criterion. According to current practices, losses caused by unfortunate events (e.g. drought) do not always translate into losses in agricultural income, given that these losses are not always objectively estimated by the committees appointed by provincial governors. In the case of income losses, agricultural accounting data guarantee their objective appraisal. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the current situation regarding the taxation of agricultural activity and to present proposals for potential changes in the taxation of agricultural activity. Two research hypotheses were put forward: 1. the current level of taxation of income and revenue from agricultural activity with agricultural tax and property tax is symbolic, 2. in order to maintain the current tax treatment, the rate of the new tax on farm income cannot be higher than 10%. The article is based on descriptive, tabular and financial analysis methods. The sources of information were literature and FADN agricultural accounting data collected by the Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics – National Research Institute in Warsaw.
Abstract	Opracowanie wychodzi naprzeciw toczącym się dyskusjom w sprawie zmian opodatkowania dochodów pochodzących z działalności rolniczej. Aktualnie istniejące podatki, odnoszące się do gospodarstw rolnych w Polsce, nie odnoszą się do dochodów. Mają one charakter podatków majątkowych, do których należy: podatek rolny od gruntów, podatek leśny i podatek od nieruchomości. Podatki te mimo, że nie nawiązują do dochodów z działalności rolniczej, są z nich pokrywane. Ważnym jest jaką część tych dochodów pomniejszają. Z badań wynika, że jest to ok. 10%. Stąd ewentualnie we wprowadzanym nowym podatku od dochodów jego stawka nie powinna przekraczać 10%.Obliczanie dochodów gospodarstw rolnych w Polsce będzie napotykać na wiele problemów. Jednym z nich będzie ustalenie katalogu kosztów, do których zaliczać będzie się amortyzacja. Aby ją uwzględnić w obliczaniu dochodów, należy wcześniej ustalić wartość bieżącą środków trwałych, wchodzących w skład gospodarstw rolnych. Mogą temu procesowi towarzyszyć spore trudności merytoryczne i organizacyjne. To jeden z wielu problemów. Prawdopodobnie będą i inne. Zaliczyć do nich można: podział kosztów na gospodarstwo domowe i gospodarstwo rolne, ustalenie co jest środkiem trwałym w gospodarstwie rolnym itp. Wydaje się, że liczenie dochodów w gospodarstwach rolnych jest nie uniknione. Z jednej strony jest to niezbędne dla ewentualnego wprowadzeniu podatku dochodowego. Z drugiej strony mając rozpoznaną sytuację dochodową gospodarstw rolnych można by zrezygnować z szacowania strat spowodowanych przez suszę, czy innymi zdarzeniami losowymi. Tytułem otrzymania rekompensat byłyby straty dochodów. Jest to kryterium bardziej klarowne oczywiste i obiektywne. Dotychczasowa praktyka wskazuje, że nie zawsze straty spowodowane zdarzeniami losowymi (suszę) przekładają się na straty w dochodach rolniczych. Zważywszy, że straty te nie zawsze są obiektywnie szacowane przez powoływane przez wojewodów komisje. W przypadku strat w dochodach, dane rachunkowości rolnej są gwarantem ich obiektywnej oceny.Celem opracowania jest dokonanie oceny aktualnej sytuacji dotyczącej opodatkowania działalności rolniczej oraz przedstawienie propozycji ewentualnych zmian w opodatkowaniu działalności rolniczej. Przyjęto dwie hipotezy badawcze: 1. Aktualny stopień opodatkowania dochodów, przychodów z działalności rolniczej podatkiem rolnym, podatkiem od nieruchomości jest symboliczny, 2. Dla zachowania dotychczasowego ujęcia podatkowego stawka nowego podatku od dochodów gospodarstw rolnych nie może przekraczać 10%. W artykule wykorzystano metody analizy opisowej, tabelarycznej i analizy finansowej. Źródłem informacji była literatura oraz dane rachunkowości rolnej FADN gromadzone przez Instytut Ekonomiki Rolnictwa i Gospodarki Żywnościowej – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy w Warszawie.
Cytowanie	Podstawka M., Podstawka Ł. (2020) TAXATION OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITY IN POLAND: THE CURRENT STATE AND FUTURE PROSPECTS.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 24(73): 177-188
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2020_n73_s177.pdf

Autor	Aleksandra Pisarska
Tytuł	SOURCES OF FINANCING TASKS FOR PUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: FINDINGS IN LIGHT OF THEIR REPORTING
Title	Źródła finansowania zadań publicznych szkół wyższych: ustalenia w świetle ich sprawozdawczości
Słowa kluczowe	sources of financing, university tasks, report, public higher education institutions.
Key words	źródła finansowania, zadania uczelni, sprawozdania finansowe, uczelnie publiczne
Abstrakt	The purpose of this study is to recognize the share of self-generated sources of financing for activities of public higher education institutions as part of their general stream of financing. Therefore, the key question that will be answered in this study is: how is the structure of financing sources of a studied institution of higher education formed? In the theoretical section, findings were based on the results of literature research. In turn, in the empirical part, findings were based on the results of a case study supported by observation in a multi-field participating university. The entity's financial statements were also used. On the basis of the research results, the structure of financing sources for the studied public institution of higher education was determined, indicating the possibility of using the entity's financial reporting for this purpose. It was noticed, based on the classification of the sources of financial supply indicated in the literature, that they are heterogeneous – drawn from both the public and private sectors. An increase in the share of funds supplied from the private sector was also revealed. In turn, private sources mainly came from fees related to the teaching process. Private sources also included those from commercialization of research results. The research presented in the study has provided new knowledge about the structure of the financing sources of a public education of higher institution in the context of current conditions for its functioning. In particular, the research helps supplement the existing scarcity of knowledge about the share of self-generated financing for a public higher education institution in the general financing stream of its activities.
Abstract	Celem opracowania jest rozpoznanie udziału źródeł własnych finansowania działalności publicznej uczelni wyższej w ogólnym strumieniu finansowania jej działalności. W związku z tym kluczowe pytanie, na jakie zostanie udzielona odpowiedź w tym opracowaniu dotyczy tego, jak ukształtowana jest struktura źródeł finansowania badanej uczelni? W części teoretycznej ustalenia oparto na wynikach badań literatury. Z kolei w części empirycznej ustalenia te oparto na wynikach studium przypadku wspartych obserwacją uczestniczącą w uniwersytecie wielodziedzinowym. Wykorzystano także sprawozdania finansowe tego podmiotu. Na podstawie wyników przeglądu literatury oraz badań empirycznych ustalono ukształtowanie struktury źródeł finansowania poddanej badaniu uczelni publicznej, wskazując na możliwość wykorzystania w tym celu sprawozdawczości finansowej podmiotu. Zauważono, kierując się klasyfikacją źródeł zasilania finansowego wskazywaną w literaturze, że są one heterogeniczne. W części są one ulokowane w sektorze publicznym, a w części w sektorze prywatnym. Odsłonięto także wzrost udziału zasilania badanej uczelni środkami z sektora prywatnego. Z kolei źródła prywatne pochodzą głównie z opłat związanych z procesem dydaktycznym. Źródłami prywatnymi są także te z komercjalizacji wyników badań naukowych. Przedstawione w opracowaniu badania dostarczyły nowej wiedzy o strukturze źródeł finansowania uczelni publicznej w kontekście aktualnych uwarunkować jej funkcjonowania. W szczególności przyczyniły się do uzupełnienia istniejącego niedostatku wiedzy o udziale źródeł własnych finansowania działalności publicznej uczelni wyższej w ogólnym strumieniu finansowania jej działalności.
Cytowanie	Pisarska A. (2020) SOURCES OF FINANCING TASKS FOR PUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: FINDINGS IN LIGHT OF THEIR REPORTING.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 24(73): 155-176
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2020_n73_s155.pdf

Autor	Lech Kujawski, Monika Liszewska, Marta Penczar
Tytuł	THE IMPACT OF FUNDING STRUCTURE ON EU BANKING SECTOR STABILITY
Title	The impact of funding structure on EU banking sector stability
Słowa kluczowe	banking sector stability, banking funding model, funding structure
Key words	banking sector stability, banking funding model, funding structure
Abstrakt	In our paper, we analyse the impact of funding structure on banking sector stability in EU countries. Our findings show that after the global financial crisis (GFC) there are four main funding models in the EU banking sectors. We document that funding structure is an important factor influencing the banking sector stability. We report that there are also some other banking business model characteristics as well as macroeconomic indicators which have impact on banking sector risk.
Abstract	In our article, we analyze the impact of the funding structure on the banking sector stability in EU countries. Our findings show that after the GFC, there are four main funding models in EU banking sectors. We document that the funding structure is an important factor determining the stability of the banking sector. We point out that there are other features of the banking business model as well as macroeconomic indicators that influence the banking sectors risk.
Cytowanie	Kujawski L., Liszewska M., Penczar M. (2020) THE IMPACT OF FUNDING STRUCTURE ON EU BANKING SECTOR STABILITY.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 24(73): 143-154
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2020_n73_s143.pdf

Autor	Kamil Mazurkiewicz
Tytuł	CORE & MORE – THE CONCEPT OF INTELLIGENT REPORTING FOR CORPORATE INFORMATION
Title	Core & More - koncepcja inteligentnej sprawozdawczości informacji korporacyjnych
Słowa kluczowe	corporate reporting, stakeholders, Core & More
Key words	raportowanie korporacyjne, interesariusze, Core & More
Abstrakt	This article deals with the problem of a new way of reporting corporate information – the Core & More concept. Its aim is to evaluate the Core & More concept as it relates to the increasing transparency of corporate reporting as well as to the transparency of information provided to stakeholders. On the basis of a critical review of the subject literature, reports of sector institutions and interviews with representatives of business practices, the research hypothesis was verified positively. Corporate reports that conform to the standards of the Core & More concept are more transparent and the information given to stakeholders is structured. The Core & More concept allows to derogate from the silo approach of reporting. It structures information, makes it more readable and more logical to understand. The implementation of this concept, however, requires reporting persons to use abstract thinking. Additionally, while creating reports, one should have both IT skills and IT support because this concept involves, to a large extent, the use of IT tools.
Abstract	W niniejszym artykule poruszono problematykę nowego sposobu sprawozdawczości informacji korporacyjnej – koncepcji Core & More. Celem artykułu jest ocena koncepcji Core & More pod kątem zwiększenia transparentności raportu korporacyjnego oraz przejrzystości przekazywanej interesariuszom informacji. Na podstawie krytycznej analizy literatury przedmiotu, raportów instytucji branżowych oraz wywiadów z przedstawicielami praktyki gospodarczej pozytywnie zweryfikowano hipotezę badawczą. Raport korporacyjny sporządzone zgodnie z koncepcją Core & More jest bardziej transparentny a informacja przekazywana interesariuszom ustrukturyzowana. Koncepcja Core & More pozwala odejść od silosowego podejścia do sprawozdawczości. Strukturyzuje informacje, sprawia, że jest ona czytelniejsza w odbiorze i bardziej logiczna. Jednak wdrożenie tej koncepcji wymusza na raportujących abstrakcyjnego myślenia. Dodatkowo tworząc raport zgodnie z Core & More konieczne jest posiadanie umiejętności i zaplecza informatycznego, ponieważ koncepcja ta zakłada w dużej mierze wykorzystanie narzędzi informatycznych.
Cytowanie	Mazurkiewicz K. (2020) CORE & MORE – THE CONCEPT OF INTELLIGENT REPORTING FOR CORPORATE INFORMATION .Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 24(73): 104-113
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2020_n73_s104.pdf

Autor	Naume Maponya, Isaac Oluwatayo
Tytuł	Economic Efficiency of Table Grape Production in Waterberg and Sekhukhune Districts, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Title	Economic Efficiency of Table Grape Production in Waterberg and Sekhukhune Districts, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Słowa kluczowe	efficiency, farmers, table grapes, South Africa, stochastic frontier model
Key words	efficiency, farmers, table grapes, South Africa, stochastic frontier model
Abstrakt	Table grape production plays an important role in the economy of many countries in Africa. It serves as a source of income for the people who are engaged in its production and being one of the enterprises that is labour-intensive, thereby providing employment for more people. The main purpose of this study was to analyse the economic efficiency of table grape production in Waterberg and Sekhukhune Districts of Limpopo province, South Africa. The study used primary data collected through administration of structured questionnaires on a sample of 12 farmers by employing a snowball sampling method. Analytical tools employed include descriptive statistics (such as tables and frequencies), Stochastic Frontier Model and Technical Inefficiency Model.Results from data analysis revealed that in terms of efficiency, farming experience (p<0.01), educational level (p<0.05), household size (p<0.10) and age of farmer (p<0.10) were associated with increased efficiency indicating that these factors play important roles in ensuring that resources used in the production of table grapes enhanced productivity and were not wasted. Also, technical efficiency among farmers was found to range from 0.8 to 1, with a mean of 0.89, thus implying a major possibility for improvement in production. However, the allocative efficiency was found to range from 0.47 to 1, with a mean of 0.68. This indicates that some farmers were finding it difficult to allocate their resources efficiently. Again, economic efficiency ranges from 0.56 to 1, with a mean of 0.73, an indication that most of the farmers were economically efficient. Meanwhile, some of the constraints faced by these farmers include high electricity bills and labour costs, water shortages as well as instability around land policy. The study therefore recommends capacity building of farmers through education and other skill enhancement programmes. Also, provision of incentives to encourage youth participation in farming through internship programmes is very important to increase farm productivity.
Abstract	Table grape production plays an important role in the economy of many countries in Africa. It serves as a source of income for the people who are engaged in its production and being one of the enterprises that is labour-intensive, thereby providing employment for more people. The main purpose of this study was to analyse the economic efficiency of table grape production in Waterberg and Sekhukhune Districts of Limpopo province, South Africa. The study used primary data collected through administration of structured questionnaires on a sample of 12 farmers by employing a snowball sampling method. Analytical tools employed include descriptive statistics (such as tables and frequencies), Stochastic Frontier Model and Technical Inefficiency Model.Results from data analysis revealed that in terms of efficiency, farming experience (p<0.01), educational level (p<0.05), household size (p<0.10) and age of farmer (p<0.10) were associated with increased efficiency indicating that these factors play important roles in ensuring that resources used in the production of table grapes enhanced productivity and were not wasted. Also, technical efficiency among farmers was found to range from 0.8 to 1, with a mean of 0.89, thus implying a major possibility for improvement in production. However, the allocative efficiency was found to range from 0.47 to 1, with a mean of 0.68. This indicates that some farmers were finding it difficult to allocate their resources efficiently. Again, economic efficiency ranges from 0.56 to 1, with a mean of 0.73, an indication that most of the farmers were economically efficient. Meanwhile, some of the constraints faced by these farmers include high electricity bills and labour costs, water shortages as well as instability around land policy. The study therefore recommends capacity building of farmers through education and other skill enhancement programmes. Also, provision of incentives to encourage youth participation in farming through internship programmes is very important to increase farm productivity.
Cytowanie	Maponya N., Oluwatayo I. (2020) Economic Efficiency of Table Grape Production in Waterberg and Sekhukhune Districts, Limpopo Province, South Africa.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 20(35), z. 3: 36-52
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2020_T20(35)_n3_s36.pdf

Autor	Vitalii Rybchak, Serhiy Sokolyuk, Olena Zharun
Tytuł	Problems of attracting investment to Ukraine
Title
Słowa kluczowe	investment, investment climate, investment attractiveness, index of investmentattractiveness
Key words
Abstrakt	The article analyzes the investment climate in Ukraine. The structure and dynamicsof investment income in the national economy are investigated. The main problems andfactors of attracting foreign investments, that are restricting the investment activity ofdomestic enterprises, are analyzed. It’s explored the place of Ukraine in the internationalranks towards doing business and the overall state of the investment climate. The influenceof macroeconomic factors on the investment activity of foreign investors is substantiated. It’soffered the directions of increasing the investment attractiveness of the Ukrainian economy inthe current conditions of development.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Rybchak V., Sokolyuk S., Zharun O.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2020_n14_s137.pdf