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Autor	Nadiia Davydenko, Yuliia Nehoda, Iryna Tytarchuk, Natalia Wasilewska
Tytuł	Mechanizm zapewnienia zrównoważonego finansowania przedsiębiorstw rolnych
Title	MECHANISM OF ENSURING FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES
Słowa kluczowe	stabilność finansowa, przedsiębiorstwa rolnicze, bezpieczeństwo finansowe, sektor rolno-przemysłowy, stabilny rozwój przedsiębiorstw, rentowność
Key words	financial sustainability, agricultural enterprises, financial security, agricultural-industrial sector, stable development of enterprises, profitability
Abstrakt	Celem badań jest wskazanie teoretycznych i metodycznych podejść do określania stabilności finansowej przedsiębiorstw rolnych. Przeanalizowano światowe i krajowe doświadczenia w określaniu stabilności finansowej podmiotów prowadzących działalność rolniczo-przemysłową, a także czynniki wpływające na kształtowanie stabilności finansowej na poziomie regionalnym oraz w grupach przedsiębiorstw rolnych. Istnieje specyfika mechanizmu stabilności finansowej przedsiębiorstw rolnych. Głównym celem mechanizmu zapewniającego stabilność finansową jest osiągnięcie bezpieczeństwa finansowego, stabilności funkcjonowania i rozwoju. Metoda oferuje wykorzystanie kompleksu wskaźników, które są ściśle powiązane i określają status ekonomiczny oraz zdolność finansową do kontynuowania działalności przedsiębiorstwa i badania stabilności finansowej przedsiębiorstwa.
Abstract	The aim of the research is summing up and improving theoretical and methodical approaches to determination of financial sustainability of agricultural enterprises. World and national experience of financial sustainability determination of entrepreneurial activities subjects were analyzed and summarized as well as system impact factors on formation of financial sustainability on the regional level and the group of agricultural enterprises level were examined. There are considerable formation specifics of the financial sustainability mechanism of agricultural enterprises. It means that main target of mechanism to ensure financial sustainability is to achieve financial security, their work stability and development today and in future. The method offers using complex of indicators that are closely connected with each other and define economic status and financial ability to continue enterprise activities and examine financial sustainability of an enterprise. The implementation of this approach to determine financial sustainability will increase the information background for further analyzation of financial opportunities.
Cytowanie	Davydenko N., Nehoda Y., Tytarchuk I., Wasilewska N. (2019) Mechanizm zapewnienia zrównoważonego finansowania przedsiębiorstw rolnych.Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich, t. 106, z. 1: 7-21
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2019_n1_s7.pdf

Autor	Kinga Cichocka, Dawid Olewnicki
Tytuł	Ocena kondycji ekonomiczno-finansowej przedsiębiorstwa produkującego i sprzedającego rośliny ozdobne
Title	EVALUATION OF THE ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL CONDITION OF AN ENTERPRISE PRODUCING AND SELLING ORNAMENTAL PLANTS
Słowa kluczowe	rośliny ozdobne, produkcja szklarniowa, analiza ekonomiczno-finansowa
Key words	ornamental plants, greenhouse production, economic and financial analysis
Abstrakt	Celem opracowania była ocena kondycji ekonomiczno-finansowej wybranego przedsiębiorstwa produkującego i sprzedającego rośliny ozdobne w latach 2010-2016. Dokonano oceny struktury aktywów i pasywów oraz wskaźników zadłużenia, rentowności (ROA i ROE) oraz płynności bieżącej (CR – I stopnia) i szybkiej (QR – II stopnia). Wielkości wskaźników obliczonych na podstawie danych zawartych w sprawozdaniach finansowych nie wykazały istotnie niepokojących zjawisk. W latach 2014-2016 spółka osiągała satysfakcjonujący poziom wskaźnika ROA, tj. wyższy niż poziom inflacji, oraz wskaźnika ROE, którego wartość nie spadła poniżej 9,56%.
Abstract	The aim of the study was to assess the financial and economic situation of the company specialized in producing and selling ornamental plants in 2010-2016. The structure of assets, liabilities and the following indicators: debt, profitability, current liquidity (CR), quick liquidity (QR) were analyzed. The analysis based on the financial statements data did not reveal any significant or alarming threats. The values of selected indicators mostly did not deviate from the norm considerably. In the last three years the company achieved a satisfactory level of ROA, i.e. higher than the level of inflation and ROE, which value did not fall below 10%.
Cytowanie	Cichocka K., Olewnicki D. (2019) Ocena kondycji ekonomiczno-finansowej przedsiębiorstwa produkującego i sprzedającego rośliny ozdobne.Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich, t. 106, z. 1: 87-96
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2019_n1_s87.pdf

Autor	Piotr Hadrian
Tytuł	PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MARKETING AUDIT AS STRATEGIC CONTROL
Title	Praktyczne uwarunkowania implementacji strategicznej kontroli marketingu w formie audytu
Słowa kluczowe	marketing management, strategic marketing control, marketing audit
Key words	zarządzanie marketingiem, strategiczna kontrola marketingu, audyt marketingu
Abstrakt	The article discusses the problems of marketing control, understood as a function which tops the management cycle. The immediate aim of this article is to present the results of research on the use of marketing audit as a form of strategic marketing control, in particular, the indicated factors that affect the limitation of its use. Considerations on the theoretical aspect, as well as the analysis of empirical material of a secondary and primary nature, were conducted using the literature studies method and qualitative research methods. I presented the results of several studies directly devoted to the problems of implementing marketing audit against the background of analyzing the place of audit in the structure of marketing control. The research, although conducted at different times, in different markets and using different methods, undertook similar research topics, which allows, to some extent, a qualitative comparative analysis of their results. The presented results show that the degree of the use of marketing audit in economic practice still should be assessed as weak. Limiting factors for the use of marketing audit in enterprises include, first and foremost: restricting access to information necessary in the process of auditing, unawareness of the benefits resulting from the implementation of marketing audit, the unclear nature of marketing activities undertaken, and the fear of excessive organizational and financial burden.
Abstract	Artykuł poświęcony jest problematyce kontroli marketingu rozumianej jako funkcja wieńcząca cykl procesu zarządzania. Bezpośrednim celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie wyników badań dotyczących wykorzystywania audytu marketingu jako formy strategicznej kontroli marketingu, a w szczególności wskazywanych czynników, które wpływają na ograniczenie jego wykorzystania. Rozważania w części teoretycznej, jak i analizie materiału empirycznego o charakterze wtórnym i pierwotnym, prowadzone były z wykorzystaniem metody studiów literaturowych oraz metod badań jakościowych.Na tle rozważań poświęconych usytuowaniu audytu w strukturze kontroli marketingu, dokonano prezentacji wyników kilku badań, poświęconych bezpośrednio problemom implementacji audytu marketingu. Badania, choć prowadzone w odmiennym czasie, na różnych rynkach i różnymi metodami, podejmowały podobne zagadnienia badawcze, co umożliwia w pewnym zakresie dokonanie jakościowej analizy porównawczej ich wyników. Z zaprezentowanych wyników wynika, że stopień wykorzystywania audytu marketingu w praktyce gospodarczej, niezmiennie należy ocenić jako słaby. Za czynniki ograniczające wykorzystanie audytu marketingu w przedsiębiorstwach, należy uznać przede wszystkim ograniczenie dostępu do informacji niezbędnych w procesie realizacji audytu, nieświadomość korzyści wynikających z realizacji audytu marketingu, nieklarowny charakter podejmowanych działań marketingowych oraz obawy przed nadmiernymi obciążeniami natury organizacyjnej i finansowej.
Cytowanie	Hadrian P. (2019) PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MARKETING AUDIT AS STRATEGIC CONTROL.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 22(71): 65-76
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2019_n71_s65.pdf

Autor	Tatiana Bludova, Oleksiy Kudenko, Volodymyr Tokar, Natalia Wasilewska
Tytuł	EVALUATION OF TARGET MARKET SEGMENTS FOR ENTERPRISES
Title
Słowa kluczowe	market segmentation, psychographic factors, relevant factors, questionnaires, respondents.
Key words
Abstrakt	The purpose of the article is to substantiate the emergence of new – and the development of existing – factors and segmentation criteria for meeting consumer needs and increasing the efficiency of marketing activities for Ukrainian enterprises under modern market conditions. The object of the research is to analyze the process of development and any increases in the effectiveness of marketing segmentation. The subject of research is the theoretical, methodical and practical provisions of the formation of targeted marketing segmentation for the markets of Ukrainian enterprises. The goal of the research is to evaluate the direction and type of market segmentation that determines future target segments for enterprises and their share of existing markets. We present the characteristics of enterprises that work on market relations for the production and sale of computer devices that provide network connections. Our method was to estimate the direction and type of market segmentation in order to determine the prospective segments for such enterprises and their share of the existing market. In order to evaluate the attractiveness of target segments for Ukrainian enterprises, a survey was conducted to validate customer reactions. The analyzed variables included: the length of time a person uses his/her computer device; the reasons for possible changes and important settings when choosing a computer device; the timeframe for buying a computer device. The results of the questionnaire are separated by gender, social and geographic factors, as well as by family composition and age of respondents, taking into account the stages of their life cycle, as well as their educational level and professions – for three enterprises. Particular attention was paid to the psychographic factors of occupation and social class. The questionnaire also contained a self-assessment section on the psychological qualities of the consumer and on their psychography, which we analyzed. The hypotheses presented by individual factors and the consumer segment, separated by the results of the survey, and the analysis of the respondents' answers, are presented. Confirmation of the hypotheses and isolation of the consumer segment are given.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Bludova T., Kudenko O., Tokar V., Wasilewska N. (2019) EVALUATION OF TARGET MARKET SEGMENTS FOR ENTERPRISES.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 22(71): 223-237
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2019_n71_s223.pdf

Autor	Paul Lane, Joanna Wyrobek
Tytuł	IMPACT OF INTERNATIONALIZATION ON THE CAPITAL STRUCTURE OF COMMERCIAL COMPANIES
Title
Słowa kluczowe	multinational companies, indebtedness, corporate finance, capital structure
Key words
Abstrakt	International enterprises (in this paper, international companies are understood as companies that sell their products and services abroad) are precious for the national economy because, through their experience in international sales, they stimulate the development of other companies in the same industry and their subcontractors. The knowledge that these companies have gained on international markets through the spillover effect spreads on their suppliers, as well as through imitation or cooperation on their competitors. Also, international companies (in the meaning: domestic export companies) are often the first to use new technological solutions and product innovations, which contributes to the modernization of products in the entire business sector. Dynamic and robust international companies usually also build networks with entities from different countries in order to cooperate on development, negotiation, and sales, which also encourages similar activities of their competitors. For all these reasons, national governments should take action to help to export companies, or at least monitor the problems that such entities report. The purpose of the publication is to draw attention to the higher demand for the debt that exists in such enterprises and to discuss the reasons for this. In particular, the purpose of the publication was to verify 2 research hypotheses: H1: Internationalization increases indebtedness of a company measured with the debt to equity ratio, and H2: The scale of internationalization (measured with the share of foreign sales to total sales) is positively related to the level of indebtedness (measured with the debt to equity ratio). For both hypotheses we found no grounds to reject these hypotheses. In the opinion of the authors, the demand for debt from exporters should be monitored, especially in terms of the availability of this form of financing for exporters from the SME sector. The paper used the Arellano-Bond model and data downloaded from the Orbis database for years 2007 – 2017.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Lane P., Wyrobek J. (2019) IMPACT OF INTERNATIONALIZATION ON THE CAPITAL STRUCTURE OF COMMERCIAL COMPANIES.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 22(71): 250-267
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2019_n71_s250.pdf

Autor	Justyna Góral, Włodzimierz Rembisz
Tytuł	Marże marketingowe i wartości dodane w łańcuchu dostaw żywności w Polsce
Title	Marketing Margins and Added Value in the Food Supply Chain in Poland
Słowa kluczowe	marża marketingowa, wartość dodana, łańcuch dostaw żywności
Key words	marketing margin, added value, food supply chain
Abstrakt	Zagadnienie udziału producenta rolnego w finalnej cenie żywności budzi zainteresowanie naukowców oraz polityków. Komisja Europejska (2014, 2016) podjęła działania mające na celu wzmocnienie sektora rolnego w ramach łańcucha dostaw żywności. W Polsce zintensyfikowano promocję sprzedaży bezpośredniej. Działanie te mają na celu skrócenie łańcucha dostaw żywności oraz poprawę siły rynkowej producentów rolnych. Siła rynkowa oznacza zdolność przedsiębiorstwa do podniesienia ceny własnego produktu bez obniżenia poziomu sprzedaży na rzecz konkurentów. Celem badań było wskazanie tendencji w zakresie kształtowania się marż marketingowych oraz wartości dodanych w łańcuchu dostaw żywności. Pomiar ten służył poszukiwaniu odpowiedzi – które grupy produktów cechuje najwyższy poziom wartości dodanej i największa zdolność poprawy dochodów producentów rolnych? Szacowanie wartości dodanej obrazuje - gdzie trafia „złotówka żywnościowa” finalnego konsumenta?
Abstract	The issue of agricultural producer participation in the final food price is of interest to scientists and politicians. The European Commission (2014, 2016) commissioned the preparation of expertise in this area, as a result of which actions were taken to strengthen the agricultural sector. In Poland, for example, the promotion of direct sales has been intensified. These activities are aimed at shortening the food supply chain and improving the market power of agricultural producers. Market power means the ability of an enterprise to increase the price of its own product without reducing the level of sales to competitors. The aim of the research was to indicate trends in the area of marketing margins and added value in the food supply chain. This measurement served the search for the answer - which product groups have the highest level of added value and the greatest ability to improve the income of agricultural producers? The estimation of the value added illustrates - where does the "food zloty" of the final consumer go?
Cytowanie	Góral J., Rembisz W. (2019) Marże marketingowe i wartości dodane w łańcuchu dostaw żywności w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 4: 47-57
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n4_s47.pdf

Autor	Barbara Kiełbasa, Daniela Popa, Aliona Sargo, Mariusz Trojak
Tytuł	New Approaches to Developing the Integral Indicator Methodology for Estimating the Financial Efficiency of Agricultural Entities in Poland, the Republic of Moldova, and EU Countries
Title	New Approaches to Developing the Integral Indicator Methodology for Estimating the Financial Efficiency of Agricultural Entities in Poland, the Republic of Moldova, and EU Countries
Słowa kluczowe	agro-sector, European Union, correlation and regression, financial efficiency, food product, financial economy, productivity & profitability, resource efficiency
Key words	agro-sector, European Union, correlation and regression, financial efficiency, food product, financial economy, productivity & profitability, resource efficiency
Abstrakt	Economic literature pays a great deal of attention to economic and financial efficiency, expressed in terms of competition, concentration, productivity and profitability. This paper provides an all-embracing framework for the various existing theories in this area and illustrates these theories with practical applications. Currently, changing the size of the production potential in agricultural units in the Republic of Moldova depends to a great extent on the influence of different trends in the modification of production resources: the reduction of labor resources and agricultural land, quantitative and qualitative changes in fixed assets, and in current assets, etc.The notion of resource potential means the totality of the volume of all resources (natural, labor, material, intellectual, information, etc.) on specific enterprises, territories, branches, regions. Evaluating a broad field of research, the paper describes profit maximizing food products and demonstrates how several widely-used products can be fit into this framework. The authors also present an overview of the current major trends in the food sector and relate them to the assumptions for food products, thereby displaying their relevance and timeliness. The results include a set of recommendations for future research on this topic.The design, methodology and approach of this research is to explain why efficiency can help obtain a profit surplus, and to measure this efficiency. For quality of methodology we apply a range of statistical methods, as well as the strategic capability of organisations – made up of resources and competences. One way to approach the stategic capability of an organisation is to consider its strengths and weaknesses (for example, where it has a competitive advantage, profit, efficiency or disadvantage). Based on our research and results, we sought to understand the concepts of financial effciency and to apply these concepts to practical situations. At the start of each analysis entrepreneurship plays an important role. Most organisations have to innovate constantly to obtain profit and efficiency for food products. They need to be first into a market, or simply a follower of customers in developing new products and services. Original studies in Moldova and Poland regarding farm concentration in terms of Gini Coefficient, Gini Index and Concentration Index of the utilized agricultural area. Original calculus formula to determine the Concentration Index of the UAA for the top 10% largest farms in Moldova and UK.
Abstract	Economic literature pays a great deal of attention to economic and financial efficiency, expressed in terms of competition, concentration, productivity and profitability. This paper provides an all-embracing framework for the various existing theories in this area and illustrates these theories with practical applications. Currently, changing the size of the production potential in agricultural units in the Republic of Moldova depends to a great extent on the influence of different trends in the modification of production resources: the reduction of labor resources and agricultural land, quantitative and qualitative changes in fixed assets, and in current assets, etc.The notion of resource potential means the totality of the volume of all resources (natural, labor, material, intellectual, information, etc.) on specific enterprises, territories, branches, regions. Evaluating a broad field of research, the paper describes profit maximizing food products and demonstrates how several widely-used products can be fit into this framework. The authors also present an overview of the current major trends in the food sector and relate them to the assumptions for food products, thereby displaying their relevance and timeliness. The results include a set of recommendations for future research on this topic.The design, methodology and approach of this research is to explain why efficiency can help obtain a profit surplus, and to measure this efficiency. For quality of methodology we apply a range of statistical methods, as well as the strategic capability of organisations – made up of resources and competences. One way to approach the stategic capability of an organisation is to consider its strengths and weaknesses (for example, where it has a competitive advantage, profit, efficiency or disadvantage). Based on our research and results, we sought to understand the concepts of financial effciency and to apply these concepts to practical situations. At the start of each analysis entrepreneurship plays an important role. Most organisations have to innovate constantly to obtain profit and efficiency for food products. They need to be first into a market, or simply a follower of customers in developing new products and services. Original studies in Moldova and Poland regarding farm concentration in terms of Gini Coefficient, Gini Index and Concentration Index of the utilized agricultural area. Original calculus formula to determine the Concentration Index of the UAA for the top 10% largest farms in Moldova and UK.
Cytowanie	Kiełbasa B., Popa D., Sargo A., Trojak M. (2019) New Approaches to Developing the Integral Indicator Methodology for Estimating the Financial Efficiency of Agricultural Entities in Poland, the Republic of Moldova, and EU Countries.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 4: 103-112
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n4_s103.pdf

Autor	Tetiana Balanovska, Natalia Drahnieva, Alina Troian
Tytuł	USING OF FUZZY MODELLING IN ANTI-CRISIS MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES
Title
Słowa kluczowe	anti-crisis management, agricultural enterprise, quality, products, fuzzy logic, fuzzy modelling
Key words
Abstrakt	The article systematizes the different views of scientists in relation to the anti-crisis management of enterprisesand emphasizes the importance of its use in enterprises. There was noted the necessity to introducethe perspective directions of economic activity of the enterprise, forming its image, ensuring competitiveness,profitability, and development. In order to make effective management decisions under uncertaindynamic environment, it is suggested to use fuzzy modelling for the prevention of the crisis occurrence.In order to present the possibility of using such an approach in the practical activity of agricultural enterprises,in particular which are engaged in dairy farming, we proposed an informational and logical modelfor determining the forecast average price of milk, taking into account the indicators of its quality, thatis based on the theory of fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic. In the context of anti-crisis management, there wassubstantiated the possibility of using the proposed model, as a basic one, in any agricultural enterprise inorder to improve its activities.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Balanovska T., Drahnieva N., Troian A.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2019_n3_s22.pdf

Autor	Oleg Dannikov, Inna Ivasko
Tytuł	FARM TAXATION POLICY IN UKRAINE AND POLAND
Title
Słowa kluczowe	tax regulation, special tax regimes, land rent, agrarian sector, agriculture, foreign experience
Key words
Abstrakt	The article discusses the shortcomings of tax policy in the agrarian sector of the economy of Ukraine, whichhas created non-competitive conditions for small farms. Large agricultural enterprises in Ukraine use theexisting special tax regime as an optimization of tax liabilities. This has led to such negative economic,social and environmental consequences as the development of landlands, the deterioration of agriculturallandscapes, the increase in export-oriented production, the growth of unemployment in the village and themigration of the rural population. While small farms, without state support, provide the population with basicfoodstuffs. The purpose of the article is evidence of the use of a special tax regime only for small farms, basedon an analysis of the special tax treatment regime in Polish agriculture and an analysis of the differential rentmethodology laid down in the basis of a special tax regime, as well as the development of practical recommendationsfor Ukraine.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Dannikov O., Ivasko I.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2019_n3_s60.pdf

Autor	olga Babytska, Olena Berbenets, Olena Pavlenko, Tamara Prykhodko, Olga Zhmaylova
Tytuł	THE ROLE OF NUTRIA MEAT PRODUCTION IN THE CONTEXT OF UKRAINE FOOD SECURITY
Title
Słowa kluczowe	food security, meat production, nutria breeding, effectiveness of production, expert evaluations
Key words
Abstrakt	The article presents the role and potential of the nutria breeding development as analternative livestock sector in the context of Ukraine's food security. A comparative analysisof qualitative characteristics of meat by species of animals was conducted. The efficiency ofnutria breeding by types of enterprises with a short-term forecast is analyzed. By expertevaluations determined the weight of the 5 main problems of the industry, which constitutethe next steps of a comprehensive research of nutria breeding.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Babytska o., Berbenets O., Pavlenko O., Prykhodko T., Zhmaylova O.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2019_n3_s95.pdf

Autor	Karol Sołek, Bogusław Ślusarczyk
Tytuł	THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL AREAS IN PODKARPACKIE PROVINCE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	entrepreneurship, rural areas, enterprise, Podkarapckie province, development
Key words
Abstrakt	The study is devoted to the diagnosis of entrepreneurship development in rural areas.The aim of the work is to analyze and evaluate the dynamics and directions ofentrepreneurship development in rural areas of the Podkarpackie province as well as toidentify changes and trends as well to present the strengths and weaknesses of rural areas inthe studied area. On the basis of the conducted research, it can be concluded that the numberof business entities in rural areas is systematically growing, and forecasts indicate furtherdevelopment. Assessment of directions and dynamics of entrepreneurship development basedon the number of entities by selected NACE sections in 2009-2017 showed no significantvariation in trends in all counties the trends are similar. The largest growth dynamics relat tocommunication and information services on, the real estate market as well as rental servicesfor buildings, machines or devices, job market mediation, tourist services, detective orsecurity services, maintenance of cleanliness and order, development of green areas, andoffice administration. In turn, industries such as agriculture, forestry, hunting and fishing,wholesale and retail trade, vehicle repairs, financial and insurance activities werecharacterized by a reverse tendency - a systematic decline in the number of business entitiesoccurred. The remaining sections of PKD maintained a stable, unchanging level.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Sołek K., Ślusarczyk B.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2019_n3_s131.pdf

Autor	Elżbieta Goryńska-Goldmann
Tytuł	Geneza i pojęcie żywności lokalnej w powiązaniu z ideą zrównoważonejkonsumpcji
Title	Genesis and the term of local food in relation to the idea of sustainable consumption
Słowa kluczowe	geneza, pojęcie, produkt lokalny, żywność lokalna, zrównoważona konsumpcja
Key words	genesis, concept, local product, local food, sustainable consumption
Abstrakt	W opracowaniu dokonano przeglądu aparatu pojęciowego i genezy żywności lokalnej, na podstawie przeglądu definicji z uwzględnieniem regulacji prawnych, potocznych sposobów jej ujmowania i prac badawczych, prowadzonych przez ośrodki naukowe i różne instytucje – krajowe i zagraniczne – i na tej podstawie zaprezentowano własną propozycję. Celem artykułu było przedstawienie genezy i pojęcia żywności lokalnej w kontekście zrównoważonej konsumpcji. Prowadząc analizę, dokonano przeglądu literatury przedmiotu, a wynikające z niego ustalenia udokumentowano dostępnymi informacjami statystycznymi i rynkowymi. Badania wykazały, że instytucje publiczne dostrzegają potencjał żywności lokalnej i upatrują w niej możliwość pobudzania rozwoju obszarów wiejskich Unii Europejskiej. Żywność lokalna stanowi alternatywny nurt w podejściu do sposobu, w jaki konsumpcja żywności może być przekształcona na rzecz jej równoważenia. Świadomi i odpowiedzialni konsumenci rozpoznający własne ograniczenia, ceniący tradycję, stanowią o nowej jakości w społeczeństwie (będąc specyficzną formą kapitału społecznego), co przekłada się na większe możliwości produkcyjne żywności lokalnej i stanowi podstawę do dalszego rozwoju zrównoważonej konsumpcji.
Abstract	This paper reviews the conceptual apparatus and the genesis of local food, on the basis of definitions and with respect to legal conditions, as well as the popular ways of interpretation of local food and scientific research performed by different centers and institutions – both domestic and foreign. On the basis of that, the paper presents the author’s own proposition concerning the abovementioned issue. The aim of the paper is to present the genesis and the definition of local food in the perspective of sustainable consumption. While conducting the research, the scientific literature concerning the subject was reviewed, and the findings were documented with available statistical and market information. The research showed that public institutions see the potential of local food and hope that it can drive the development of rural areas in the European Union. Local food is an alternative approach to the way in which food consumption can be turned into a sustainable one. Informed and responsible consumers, who are aware of their own limitations and value tradition, provide some new quality to the society (as they constitute a specific form of social capital), what translates into bigger local food production possibilities and is the basis for the further development of sustainable consumption.
Cytowanie	Goryńska-Goldmann E.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2019_n11_s23.pdf

Autor	Czesław Nowak
Tytuł	Dziedzictwo kulinarne i przyrodnicze w zarządzaniu rozwojem turystykiwiejskiej na przykładzie Norwegii
Title	Culinary and natural heritage in managing the development of rural tourism using Norway as an example
Słowa kluczowe	Norwegia, turystyka wiejska, dziedzictwo kulinarne, dziedzictwo przyrodnicze
Key words	Norway, rural tourism, culinary heritage, natural heritage
Abstrakt	Norwegia jest państwem o największym na świecie ekwiwalencie subwencji dla producentów rolnych – PSE w państwach OECD. Pomimo to od lat zmniejsza się tam zatrudnienie w rolnictwie i następuje wyludnianie obszarów wiejskich. Rozwój turystyki wiejskiej przyczynia się zarówno do spowolnienia tego procesu poprzez zwiększanie dochodów wiejskich gospodarstw domowych, jak i do zachowania tradycyjnego krajobrazu, wartości ekologicznych oraz dziedzictwa kulturowego, szczególnie kulinarnego. Za zarządzanie rozwojem turystyki na poziomie krajowym odpowiedzialne są głównie Ministerstwo ds. Klimatu i Środowiska, a szczególnie Departament Dziedzictwa Kulturowego i Środowiska Kulturowego i Departament Bioróżnorodności, a także Ministerstwo Rolnictwa i Żywności1. Na poziomie lokalnym dzięki innowacyjnemu podejściu do zarządzania przedsiębiorstwa turystyczne, chcąc ograniczyć negatywne skutki dużej sezonowości w tym sektorze gospodarki, przygotowują zarówno oferty typowe dla sezonu zimowego, jak i letniego. Umożliwia to zarówno lepsze wykorzystanie takich zasobów jak baza hotelowa oraz restauracje, jak i utrzymanie poziomu zatrudnienia pracowników.
Abstract	Of the OECD countries Norway has the world’s largest Producer and Support Estimate (PSE). Despite this, employment in agriculture has been decreasing for years and the rural population is dwindling. The development of rural tourism contributes to the slowing down of this process by increasing the income of rural households, as well as preserving the traditional landscape, ecological values and cultural heritage, especially culinary heritage. The Ministry of Climate and Environment (Department of Cultural heritage and cultural environment) and the Ministry of Agriculture and Food are mainly responsible for managing the development of tourism at the national level. At the local level – thanks to an innovative approach to management – tourism enterprises, wanting to limit the negative impact of high seasonality in this sector of the economy, are engaged in the preparation of not only typical winter sport offers, such as skiing, but also of summer sports. This facilitates the better use of resources such as hotels and restaurants, and also helps to maintain employment levels.
Cytowanie	Nowak C.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2019_n11_s85.pdf

Autor	Raisa Kozhukhіvska, Vitalii Rybchak, Оlena Sakovska
Tytuł	Using of modern information and communication technologiesin the tourism
Title
Słowa kluczowe	tourism, consumer, Internet, information technologies, Internet service
Key words
Abstrakt	The importance of modern information and communication technologies in the economic and social life has steadily increased. The Internet creates new opportunities to provide services and meet needs. Tourism enterprises are interested in making a big profit from their sales and want the customers to give their preferences to them. The article deals with the peculiarities of Internet use by the tourism services consumers. Determined that the compared to traditional advertising technologies, Internet makes it possible to provide a dialogue with the consumer, to establish feedback and, in terms of investment, it is much cheape. The data representing the social characteristics of the sphere of Ukrainian Internet consumers are generalized. The main reasons and motives for making online purchases by tourism services consumers are indicated. The barriers that hinder the further development of Internet commerce and the promotion of online tourism services have been identified. Quantitative and qualitative research on the use of tourism Internet services in Ukraine has been carried out.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Kozhukhіvska R., Rybchak V., Sakovska О.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2019_n11_s97.pdf

Autor	Tetiana Baklytska, Olena Bohdaniuk
Tytuł	Competitivness and prospects for development of berry production in Ukraine
Title
Słowa kluczowe	Ukraine, berries, prospects of development, competitiveness, export, organic production
Key words
Abstrakt	The demand for raspberries and blackberries has risen sharply in Europe and North America in recent years. Ukraine is almost one third of the world’s black earth, a favorable climate for growing vegetables, fruits and berries, as well as a good ratio of daytime and nighttime temperatures and optimal length of sunny day. Therefore, the authors consider that Ukraine could become a reliable supplier of berries in Europe and America. Berries will not give the same high gross production as cereals. But these products are perspective in terms of processing, value added and profitability for the manufacturer. Considering the strategic importance of growing berries in Ukraine the subject of the research is to study the competitiveness and prospects for production of berries in Ukraine. The conducted assessment of the status and prospects of growing berries shows that Ukraine has been steadily producing within the range of 130-135 thousand tons of berries in recent years. Due to the fact that the products of private households and horticultural societies are not actually taxed, they have significant competitive advantages over agricultural enterprises, which is one of the reasons for the curtailment of industrial horticulture in Ukraine. But, on the other hand, they are inferior to large enterprises because of not failing to implement sanitary, technical standards, certification etc. In order to ensure the competitiveness of domestic producers in the external market, berry producers need to be more actively involved in the process of improving product quality, since in Ukraine only five agribusinesses have a Global GAP certificate, which is a minimum condition for access to the EU market. According to the results of the study, the authors consider organic production of berries as another perspective direction for the development of domestic berries.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Baklytska T., Bohdaniuk O.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2019_n12_s15.pdf

Autor	Agnieszka Werenowska
Tytuł	Social media marketing (SMM) jako narzędzie komunikacji przedsiębiorstwaz grupami otoczenia
Title	Social media marketing (SMM) as a tool for communiacation between an enterprise and environmental groups
Słowa kluczowe	social media, komunikacja, przedsiębiorstwo, grupy otoczenia
Key words	social media, communication, eterprise, environment groups
Abstrakt	Media społecznościowe są miejscem, które pozwala na realizację potrzeb biznesowych. Przedsiębiorstwa nieustannie poszukują nowych rozwiązań mających na celu poprawę komunikacji z klientami. W artykule przedstawiono możliwości wykorzystania social media w celach komunikacyjnych przedsiębiorstwa z użytkownikami. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na portal Facebook jako popularny instrument komunikacji.
Abstract	Social media are a place that allows you to meet your business needs. Companies are constantly looking for new solutions to improve their communikcation with customers. That article presents the possibilities of using social media for communication between the company and its users. Special attention was paid to Facebook as a popular communication tool.
Cytowanie	Werenowska A.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2019_n12_s95.pdf

Autor	Agnieszka Tłuczak
Tytuł	Specjalizacja i konkurencyjność krajów UE w zakresie produkcji zbóż
Title	Specialization and Competitiveness of EU Countries in the Field of Crop Production
Słowa kluczowe	konkurencyjność, specjalizacja, produkcja rolna, Unia Europejska
Key words	competitiveness, specialization, agricultural production, European Union
Abstrakt	W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczących specjalizacji i konkurencyjności produkcji roślinnej w krajach Unii Europejskiej. Do badań wykorzystano metodę zmiany konkurencyjności Estebana-Marquillasa. Metoda ta pozwoliła wskazać wyspecjalizowane kraje icharakter zmian strukturalnych w zakresie produkcji upraw. Badania przeprowadzono na podstawie danych dotyczących wielkości produkcji roślinnej. Wszystkie dane zostały zaczerpnięte z baz danych Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego. Badanie obejmuje lata 2005-2016. Uzyskane wyniki pozwalają na wyodrębnienie (nierozłącznych) grup krajów specjalizujących się w produkcji poszczególnych gatunków zbóż. W zakresie produkcji pszenicy specjalizują się następujące kraje: Polska, Niemcy, Czechy, Słowacja, Włochy, Litwa, Łotwa, Estonia, Finlandia, Szwecja i Austria; zakresie produkcji pszenicy jęczmienia: Finlandia, Wilka Brytania, Niemcy, Włochy i Grecja; oraz żyta: Portugalia, Hiszpania, Francja, Wielka Brytania, Rumunia, Węgry, Słowacja.
Abstract	This paper presents the results of research on the specialization and competitiveness of crop production in European Union countries. The Esteban-Marquillas method of competitiveness changes was used for the research. This method indicates specialized countries and the nature of structural changes in the scope of crop production. The research was carried out on the basis of data on the size of crop production. All data was taken from the databases of the Central Statistical Office. The research covers the years 2005-2016. The obtained results distinguish (inseparable) groups of countries specializing in the production of particular cereal species. The following countries specialize in the production of wheat: Poland, Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Italy, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland, Sweden and Austria; production of barley wheat: Finland, Great Britain, Germany, Italy and Greece; and rye: Portugal, Spain, France, Great Britain, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia.
Cytowanie	Tłuczak A. (2018) Specjalizacja i konkurencyjność krajów UE w zakresie produkcji zbóż.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 3: 323-331
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n3_s323.pdf

Autor	Marzena Kacprzak, Agnieszka Król, Marta Radziszewska
Tytuł	European Integration Influence on the Development of Human Capital of Small and Medium Enterprises in Poland
Title	European Integration Influence on the Development of Human Capital of Small and Medium Enterprises in Poland
Słowa kluczowe	human capital, small and medium enterprises, European integration, EU assistance programs, EU funds
Key words	human capital, small and medium enterprises, European integration, EU assistance programs, EU funds
Abstrakt	Enterprises from the SME sector significantly affect the quality of human capital in Poland and the standards of their management are rising every year. The aim of this article is to present the essence and specifics of human capital of SMEs, showing the impact of European integration on the devel-opment of human capital in this sector. In addition, the authors focus on finding the answer to the question whether employers willingly reach for EU funding (sources of knowledge, forms, types of funding, barriers to access to funds) to be able to support and develop human capital that they have in the long run. The study was carried out by a survey method. The analysis made allowed to formu-late the following conclusions. Entrepreneurs willingly undertake to raise funds from EU funds. Re-spondents were convinced that EU funds help in the development of their businesses, although ob-taining funding alone is not easy. The respondents pointed to barriers, which include complicated and lengthy procedures, as well as low availability of information.
Abstract	Enterprises from the SME sector significantly affect the quality of human capital in Poland and the standards of their management are rising every year. The aim of this article is to present the essence and specifics of human capital of SMEs, showing the impact of European integration on the devel-opment of human capital in this sector. In addition, the authors focus on finding the answer to the question whether employers willingly reach for EU funding (sources of knowledge, forms, types of funding, barriers to access to funds) to be able to support and develop human capital that they have in the long run. The study was carried out by a survey method. The analysis made allowed to formu-late the following conclusions. Entrepreneurs willingly undertake to raise funds from EU funds. Re-spondents were convinced that EU funds help in the development of their businesses, although ob-taining funding alone is not easy. The respondents pointed to barriers, which include complicated and lengthy procedures, as well as low availability of information.
Cytowanie	Kacprzak M., Król A., Radziszewska M. (2018) European Integration Influence on the Development of Human Capital of Small and Medium Enterprises in Poland.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 4: 236-249
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n4_s236.pdf

Autor	Natalia Bezat, Sebastian Jarzębowski
Tytuł	Innovative Tools and Techniques as a Factor Supporting Small and Medium Enterprises in the Agri-Food Sector
Title	Innovative Tools and Techniques as a Factor Supporting Small and Medium Enterprises in the Agri-Food Sector
Słowa kluczowe	agri-food sector, innovations, quality management, mechatronics, packaging design
Key words	agri-food sector, innovations, quality management, mechatronics, packaging design
Abstrakt	The goal of the paper was to focus on the agri-food sector from a perspective of innovation. In the article, the current situation related to innovative tools and techniques identified in the agri-food sector was presented. The attention was focused on the benefits resulting from the application of innovative solutions in three areas: food safety, mechatronics, and packaging design. The empirical part of the paper includes a description and a summary of case studies on innovations implementations conducted within the framework of the Interreg I-CON project.
Abstract	The goal of the paper was to focus on the agri-food sector from a perspective of innovation. In the article, the current situation related to innovative tools and techniques identified in the agri-food sector was presented. The attention was focused on the benefits resulting from the application of innovative solutions in three areas: food safety, mechatronics, and packaging design. The empirical part of the paper includes a description and a summary of case studies on innovations implementations conducted within the framework of the Interreg I-CON project.
Cytowanie	Bezat N., Jarzębowski S. (2018) Innovative Tools and Techniques as a Factor Supporting Small and Medium Enterprises in the Agri-Food Sector.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 4: 192-198
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n4_s192.pdf

Autor	Elwira Laskowska, Anna Twardowska
Tytuł	Teoretyczne i praktyczne aspekty wyceny prawa użytkowania wieczystego gruntu
Title	The Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Appraisal of the Perpetual Usufruct Right to Land
Słowa kluczowe	nieruchomość, użytkowanie wieczyste, wycena
Key words	real estate, perpetual usufruct, appraisal
Abstrakt	Celem artykułu jest porównanie zasad określania wartości gruntu w zależności od celu wyceny związanego z użytkowaniem wieczystym oraz wskazanie głównych problemów związanych z wyceną tego prawa. Zakres artykułu obejmuje problematykę wyceny dla następujących celów: oddania nieruchomości w użytkowanie wieczyste, aktualizacji opłat z tytułu użytkowania wieczystego, przekształcenia prawa użytkowania wieczystego w prawo własności oraz obrotu wtórnego użytkowaniem wieczystym. Do zrealizowania celu wykonano przegląd literatury i przepisów prawa oraz przeprowadzono ankietę wśród osób posiadających uprawnienia w zakresie szacowania nieruchomości. Uzyskane wyniki badań potwierdzają niedoskonałość przepisów regulujących zasady wyceny związanej z prawem użytkowania wieczystego, skutkujących odmiennym poziomem wartości w zależności od celu szacowania. Również w opinii rzeczoznawców majątkowych taka wycena przysparza trudności.
Abstract	The main purpose of this study is the comparison of the rules in order to specify the appraisal of the land according to the aim of the appraisal connected with the perpetual usufruct. Another purpose is to indicate main problems related to the appraisal of this right. The area of the study covers the rules and the problems of the appraisal of this law for the following aims: establishment of the perpetual usufruct, update the charges for the perpetual usufruct, the transformation the perpetual usufruct into ownership and the secondary sale. The analysis of the source literature and the regulations were applied and the survey was conducted among the persons who are authorized to appraise the real estate in order to achieve the purpose of the study. The obtained results confirm the imperfection of the provisions regulating the appraisal principles related to the right of perpetual usufruct. This results in a different level of value depending on the purpose of the estimation. Also in the property appraisers opinion, the appraisal connected with the perpetual usufruct poses difficulties.
Cytowanie	Laskowska E., Twardowska A. (2018) Teoretyczne i praktyczne aspekty wyceny prawa użytkowania wieczystego gruntu.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 4: 323-332
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n4_s323.pdf