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Autor	Mariusz Maciejczak, Kiryll Zahkarov
Tytuł	DELIVERING CONSUMER VALUES BY CONSUMER FOOD COOPERATIVES – A CASE OF TWO TYPES OF COOPS FROM POLAND
Title
Słowa kluczowe	consumer food cooperative, utilitarian values, hedonic values, environmental values, participatory cooperative, supermarket cooperative, Poland
Key words
Abstrakt	Consumer choice of a particular type of retail outlet greatly depends on the consumer values that the outlet provides. The aim of this research was to address specific consumer values created by consumer food cooperatives in general, and in addition to examine the difference in the consumer values provided by two major types of such coops in Poland. It is argued that consumer food cooperatives provide customers with unique blend of values, different from those of consumer cooperatives in general due to their close bond with agriculture and environment. Such coops could deliver their customers not only economic or hedonic values but also an additional environmental ones. The environmental values are prevailing in participatory type of coop, while the supermarket type can deliver better the economic values.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Maciejczak M., Zahkarov K.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s180.pdf

Autor	Karolina Kossowska, Sylwester Kozak
Tytuł	CHANGES IN THE LEVEL OF TECHNICAL AND SCALE EFFICIENCY OF THE FOOD SECTOR ENTERPRISES IN POLAND IN THE YEARS 2006–2016
Title
Słowa kluczowe	technical efficiency, DEA method, food sector
Key words
Abstrakt	This article empirically analyses evaluation of efficiency of Polish food producers. Technical and scale efficiency indices are measured using the non-parametric DEA method. The study is based on the annual financial reports of 51 sugar and confectionery producers operating in 2006–2016. The research revealed that technical efficiency of enterprises ranged from 82 to 93%, with the highest levels in periods of considerable increasing macroeconomic conditions in periods of 2006–2007 and 2013–2016. Most of companies characterised with the high efficiency and increasing return to scale. Throughout the entire period companies characterized with high scale efficiency at the interval of 87–93%.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Kossowska K., Kozak S.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s174.pdf

Autor	Monika Wojcieszak
Tytuł	WELFARE FARMS IN POLAND AS AN EXAMPLE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIES IN RURAL AREAS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	welfare farms, rural areas, agri-tourism
Key words
Abstrakt	The purpose of the paper was to present the importance of welfare farms in Poland as a social element of mutual relations, connections and co-operation in local and regional development. The concept of welfare farms is characterised in the study and the main idea of their formation is presented. Examples of welfare farms in Poland as part of the first pilot project known as ‘Zielona opieka – gospodarstwa opiekuńcze w woj. kujawsko-pomorskim’ (Green care: welfare farms in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodeship) have also been presented. It was also pointed out that social farming plays an increasingly important role in the contemporary development of rural areas. The paper was compiled using the desk research method and a classical analysis of documents was used. The choice of methods was determined by the availability of source materials, some of which were of primary or secondary nature (social farming literature, reports and public statistic documents). This paper also pointed to the fact that welfare farms are increasingly becoming a popular form of social service in rural areas. It also testifies to the entrepreneurship of farmers, because they offer not only accommodation and catering, but also care on their farms.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Wojcieszak M.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s161.pdf

Autor	Martyn Mieczkowski, Marzena Trajer
Tytuł	TRENDS IN POULTRY CONSUMPTION AFTER POLAND’S ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION
Title
Słowa kluczowe	poultry consumption, poultry, production, foreign sales
Key words
Abstrakt	The poultry industry is one of the most rapidly developing sectors of the national agriculture, and Poland is the largest poultry producer in the European Union. Since Poland’s accession to the European Union, the two main factors determining the development of the poultry industry in Poland have been export demand and the growing domestic consumption. The aim of this article was to analyse the changes in the balance sheet of poultry consumption in Poland in the context of conditions of the poultry market and to analyse the impact of changes in red meat consumption on changes in the dynamics of poultry consumption.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Mieczkowski M., Trajer M.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s154.pdf

Autor	Andrzej Hornowski, Pavel Kotyza, Karolina Pawlak, Luboš Smutka
Tytuł	CZECH AND POLISH SUGAR INDUSTRY – CONCENTRATION OF SUGAR PRODUCTION
Title
Słowa kluczowe	Czech Republic, Poland, sugar, industry, markets, production, concentration, Herfindahl-Hirschman index
Key words
Abstrakt	The sugar industry, as one of the most regulated food industries in the EU, has been given great challenge due to the sugar quota elimination in 2017. Both in the Czech Republic and Poland, sugar industry underwent significant transformation over last 20 years and mainly after the EU accession. Due to EU’s 2006 sugar reform led to significant reduction in number of production facilities. In both countries, we observed improved production of sugar beet driven equally by intensification and extensification in Poland and by extensification forces in the Czech Republic. Reduction in number of refineries also decreased number of competitors which led to market concentration. Conducted Herfindahl-Hirschman analyses proved, that Polish market face lower level of concentration in comparison to Czech market, which is dominated mainly by Tereos TTD and Moravskoslezke curkovary. Even though Krajowa Spółka Cukrowa also dominate the Polish market, other producers also take advantage of their position. KSC is under the increasing competition of German sugar producers (Südzucker Polska; Pfeifer&Langen; Nordzucker Polska).
Abstract
Cytowanie	Hornowski A., Kotyza P., Pawlak K., Smutka L.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s136.pdf

Autor	Aleksandra Matuszewska-Janica
Tytuł	WOMEN’S LABOUR MARKET ACTIVITY IN THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR IN POLAND AND EUROPEAN UNION IN 2016
Title
Słowa kluczowe	labour market, female employment, cluster analysis, k-mean method
Key words
Abstrakt	The European authorities pay particular attention to agriculture and employees in this sector. Women represent more than 33% of this group in the European Union. A significant number of actions are targeted at women from rural areas, having regard to the mentioned issues and specific situation of women in the labour market. Therefore, it requires in-depth analyses. The main aim of the presented study is to assess the diversity of the situation of women working in agriculture across the EU. The quantitative analysis allows to indicate similarities and differences among EU states in the current structure of women’s employment in this sector. In the analysis, the k-mean method is applied with the Labour Force Survey data from the year 2016. The study refers to 28 EU states and a group of women aged 20–64. The obtained results indicated that we have a large proportion of self-employees in agriculture. However, we observe a larger percentage of those who create jobs for others states that are better economically developed. This analysis confirms the findings that the Polish structure of female employment is closer to those in the Mediterranean countries. Poland is assigned to one cluster with Greece. This group is distinguished by several factors. Firstly, it contains a high proportion of people employed in agriculture with a relatively small share of part-timers. Secondly, it is a very high rate of self-employed with a very low proportion of those who create jobs for others.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Matuszewska-Janica A.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s124.pdf

Autor	Maria Zuba-Ciszewska
Tytuł	STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE DAIRY INDUSTRY AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE EFFICIENCY OF DAIRIES – A POLISH EXAMPLE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	dairy industry, efficiency, changes, milk market
Key words
Abstrakt	The purpose of this paper was to determine structural changes in Poland’s dairy industry and assess their impact on the efficiency of dairies. It was not until the mid-nineties that the process of concentrating milk processing and the rationalization of its production began in the country. Technical and economical work efficiency have improved. By also taking the dynamic increase in sales profitability into account, one can draw some positive conclusions about the intensive management seen within the dairy sector. Dairies should not only improve their position on the domestic and foreign markets, but also strengthen vertical integration with milk producers.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Zuba-Ciszewska M.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s116.pdf

Autor	Ryszard Kata
Tytuł	AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY IN POLAND IN THE CONTEXT OF STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE SECTOR IN 2002–2016
Title
Słowa kluczowe	agriculture, production factors, productivity of land and labour
Key words
Abstrakt	This paper attempts to analyse the changes in labour and land productivity in agriculture in Poland resulting from changes to the production structures in this sector, particularly changes in the relationships between production factors, i.e. land, labour and capital. The analysis covered the years 2002–2016. It was found that this period saw important changes in agriculture expressed in the concentration of agrarian structure and the progressive substitution of land and labour by capital, which was reflected in the increase of work technical equipment and the rate of technical progress. There was also a progressive outflow of some of the labour resources from agriculture. A positive correlation between the productivity of land and labour and the said structural changes in agriculture was found.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Kata R.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s109.pdf

Autor	Zuzanna Szymaniuk
Tytuł	THE PHENOMENON OF LAND ABANDONMENT IN THE OPINIONS OF AGRICULTURAL ADVISERS (EXAMPLE OF PODLASKIE VOIVODESHIP)
Title
Słowa kluczowe	land abandonment, land use, agriculture, Podlaskie Voivodeship
Key words
Abstrakt	The phenomenon of abandoning agricultural land is the same as discontinuing the agricultural use of certain agricultural land, the causes of which should be sought in environmental, economic and social factors. In the Podlaskie Voivodeship, agriculture plays a key role in economic life due to the significant number of lands classified as agricultural and century-old tradition of agriculture. The research assessed the existence of threats that could cause the problem of abandonment of agricultural land in the region and indicated the complexity of the land abandonment phenomenon. The study is based on opinions of advisers from the regional Agricultural Extension Service Centre. The results indicated that the process of ceasing to use agricultural land is the result of many factors that mutually influence and strengthen each other.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Szymaniuk Z.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s95.pdf

Autor	Marlena Piekut
Tytuł	CONSUMPTION PATTERNS AMONG ONE-PERSON HOUSEHOLDS OF NEVER MARRIED IN POLAND
Title
Słowa kluczowe	single-person households, consumption, goods, services
Key words
Abstrakt	The scientific objective of the study was to identify consumption patterns in one-person households of never- married women and men, living independently. Ward’s grouping method make possible to establish the number of households’ clusters. The final stage of household grouping procedure, regarding consumption expenditures was accomplished with k-means clustering method. It can be concluded that distinguishing the consumption patterns for one-person households of never married is possible on the basis of diversification both level and structure of incomes in these households as well as socio-demographic differences between them. Depending on economic and socio-demographic variables, disparate consumption patterns for these types of households can be observed. In addition, it’s worth stressing that household having different level of income (although coming from similar source) but similar demographic structure show greater similarity than households having similar financial situation.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Piekut M.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s75.pdf

Autor	Agata Balińska
Tytuł	Funkcja turystyczna jako kierunek dywersyfikacji funkcji wiejskich obszarów przygranicznych wschodniej Polski
Title	Tourist function as a direction of diversification of the functions of rural border areas of eastern Poland
Słowa kluczowe	funkcja turystyczna, obszary wiejskie, wschodnia Polska
Key words	tourist function, rural areas, eastern Poland
Abstrakt	Teren wschodniej Polski, szczególnie obszar leżący w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie granicy państwa, jest równocześnie wschodnim pograniczem Unii Europejskiej. Ma on wszystkie cechy typowe dla obszarów peryferyjnych. Utrudnione możliwości rozwoju gospodarczego sprawiają, że na znaczeniu zyskuje turystyka. Celem artykułu jest ocena rozwoju funkcji turystycznej na terenie powiatów leżących wzdłuż wschodniej granicy Polski. Jej poziom w poszczególnych powiatach jest zróżnicowany, co zobrazowano wskaźnikami. Analizę wskaźników uzupełniono prezentacją informacji pozyskanych z badań ankietowych wykonanych na próbie 600 mieszkańców tego terenu. Wyniki ankiety wskazały, że mieszkańcy oczekują rozwoju funkcji turystycznej oraz potrafi ą właściwie ocenić korzyści i problemy z niej wynikające.
Abstract	The area of eastern Poland, especially the area lying in the immediate vicinity of the state border, is also the eastern borderland of the European Union. It has all the features typical of peripheral areas. Difficult opportunities for economic development make tourism more important. The aim of the article is to assess the development of the tourist function in the poviats along the eastern Polish border. Its level in particular poviats is varied, as illustrated by indicators. The analysis of indicators was supplemented with the presentation of information obtained from surveys made on a sample of 600 inhabitants of this area. The results of the survey indicated that the inhabitants expect the development of a tourist function and are able to properly assess the benefi ts and problems resulting from it.
Cytowanie	Balińska A. (2018) Funkcja turystyczna jako kierunek dywersyfikacji funkcji wiejskich obszarów przygranicznych wschodniej Polski.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 122: 55-65
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2018_n122_s55.pdf

Autor	Anna Kowalska
Tytuł	Changes in Demand and Expenses for Food in Households in Poland
Title	Changes in Demand and Expenses for Food in Households in Poland
Słowa kluczowe	consumption, expenses, households, foodstuffs
Key words	consumption, expenses, households, foodstuffs
Abstrakt	The aim of the work is to assess the demand for food among households in Poland and the changes that occurred in this demand in the years 2000-2016. In addition, changes in the consumption of selected food products over a period of 10 years depending on the socio-economic group of the household have been evaluated. The research material consists of secondary data obtained from the publication of the Central Statistical Office in the years 2000-2016. The study uses descriptive statistics methods. The income situation of households in Poland during the period under review significantly improved. In the analysed years, monthly expenses on food products per one person grew slower than total expenditure and disposable income. The analysis of the research material showed a decrease in consumption of the majority of discussed food products. The increase in demand occurred in the case of yoghurts as well as cheese and curd. The analysis divided into socio-economic groups of the households showed significant variation in the consumption of sugar, fish and seafood as well as oils and fats.
Abstract	The aim of the work is to assess the demand for food among households in Poland and the changes that occurred in this demand in the years 2000-2016. In addition, changes in the consumption of selected food products over a period of 10 years depending on the socio-economic group of the household have been evaluated. The research material consists of secondary data obtained from the publication of the Central Statistical Office in the years 2000-2016. The study uses descriptive statistics methods. The income situation of households in Poland during the period under review significantly improved. In the analysed years, monthly expenses on food products per one person grew slower than total expenditure and disposable income. The analysis of the research material showed a decrease in consumption of the majority of discussed food products. The increase in demand occurred in the case of yoghurts as well as cheese and curd. The analysis divided into socio-economic groups of the households showed significant variation in the consumption of sugar, fish and seafood as well as oils and fats.
Cytowanie	Kowalska A. (2018) Changes in Demand and Expenses for Food in Households in Poland.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 2: 166-174
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n2_s166.pdf

Autor	Aldona Skarżyńska
Tytuł	Wykorzystanie czynników produkcji w gospodarstwach specjalizujących się w chowie bydła rzeźnego w wybranych krajach Unii Europejskiej
Title	The Use of Production Factors in Farms Specializing in Production of Fattening Cattle in Selected European Union Countries
Słowa kluczowe	produkcja wołowiny, czynniki produkcji, efektywność, dopłaty
Key words	beef production, factors of production, efficiency, subsidies
Abstrakt	Celem badań była ocena wykorzystania czynników produkcji w gospodarstwach specjalizujących się w chowie bydła rzeźnego w sześciu krajach, które są największymi producentami wołowiny w UE-15 (we Francji, Niemczech, Włoszech, Wielkiej Brytanii, Hiszpanii i Irlandii) i w dwóch krajach zaliczanych do UE-N13 (w Polsce i Rumunii). W badaniach wykorzystano dane FADN EU średnie w latach 2010-2015. Zbadano produktywność i dochodowość czynników wytwórczych, sprawność ekonomiczną produkcji oraz uzależnienie gospodarstw od dopłat. Wyniki wskazują na przewagę producentów wołowiny we Włoszech, Hiszpanii, Rumunii i w Polsce. W gospodarstwach we Francji, Niemczech, Wielkiej Brytanii i Irlandii koszty były wyższe od wartości produkcji, w efekcie dochód był ujemny. Stratę pokryły dopłaty, miały też wpływ na wysokość dochodu, jego poziom nie wynikał jednak z wysokiej efektywności produkcji.
Abstract	The aim of the study was to assess the use of production factors in farms specializing in production of cattle for fattening in six countries, which are the biggest producers of beef in the EU-15 (in France, Germany, Italy, Great Britain, Spain and Ireland) and in two countries included in the EU N13 (in Poland and Romania). The research used FADN EU average data in 2010-2015. The productivity and profitability of production factors, the economic efficiency of production and the dependence of farms on subsidies were examined. The results indicate an advantage of beef producers in Italy, Spain, Romania and Poland. In farms in France, Germany, Great Britain and Ireland, the costs were higher than the value production, as a result the income was a negative value. The loss was covered by subsidies, which also influenced the amount of income, but its level did not result from high production efficiency.
Cytowanie	Skarżyńska A. (2018) Wykorzystanie czynników produkcji w gospodarstwach specjalizujących się w chowie bydła rzeźnego w wybranych krajach Unii Europejskiej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 2: 280-290
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n2_s280.pdf

Autor	Anna Sieczko, Leszek Sieczko
Tytuł	Determinanty popytu usług agroturystycznych
Title	Determinants of Demand for Agritourism Services
Słowa kluczowe	gospodarstwa agroturystyczne, baza noclegowa, atrakcje turystyczne, wyżywienie w gospodarstwach
Key words	agritourism farms, accommodation, tourist attractions, food on farms
Abstrakt	W artykule podjęto próbę określenia głównych determinant usług agroturystycznych wśród turystów z Polski oraz Ukrainy i Białorusi. W ostatnim czasie grupa imigrantów zarobkowych z Ukrainy gwałtownie wzrosła i zaczęto zauważać ich nie tylko jako pracowników ale także konsumentów. Celem pracy było określenie głównych determinant wpływających na postrzeganie agroturystyki. Badania zostały przeprowadzone w formie kwestionariusza ankiety. Przedstawione wyniki opierają się na 250 respondentach. Wskazane zostały główne cechy brane pod uwagę podczas wyboru usług agroturystycznych. Badane cechy są przedstawione w czterostopniowej skali co pozwala w szczegółach dokładniej podzielić turystów usług agroturystycznych.
Abstract	The article attempts to determine the main determinants of agritourism services among tourists from Poland, Ukraine and Belarus. Recently, the number of labor immigrants from Ukraine has grown sharply and they are being noticed not only as employees but also as consumers. The purpose of the work was to determine the main determinants affecting the perception of agritourism. The research was carried out in the form of a questionnaire. The results presented are based on 250 respondents. The main features taken into consideration during the selection of agrotourism services were indicated. The examined features are presented in a four-level scale, which allows to more precisely divide users of agritourism services.
Cytowanie	Sieczko A., Sieczko L. (2018) Determinanty popytu usług agroturystycznych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 2: 259-269
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n2_s259.pdf

Autor	Magdalena Golonko, Aleksandra Perkowska, Tomasz Rokicki
Tytuł	Zastosowanie systemów agroleśnych w krajach Unii Europejskiej
Title	Application of Agroforestry Systems in European Union Countries
Słowa kluczowe	agroleśnictwo, systemy agroleśne, Unia Europejska
Key words	agroforestry, agroforestry systems, European Union
Abstrakt	Celem głównym badań była ocena stopnia występowania systemów agroleśnych (rolno-leśnych)w krajach Unii Europejskiej. W artykule przedstawiono koncentrację tego rodzaju upraw w krajach UE oraz określono czynniki powiązane z powierzchnia i udziałem systemów agroleśnych. Źródłem materiałów były bazy danych z EUROSTAT oraz LUCAS. Okres badań dotyczył 2015 roku Koncentracja systemów rolno-leśnych występowała w południowej Europie, a szczególnie w Hiszpanii, Portugalii, Włoszech i Grecji. W ramach danego kraju występowało duże zróżnicowanie regionalne. Największy udział systemów agroleśnych w użytkach rolnych stwierdzono na Cyprze, w Portugalii, Grecji i Bułgarii, zaś najmniejszy w Czechach, Danii i w Niemczech. Przy zastawieniu obszarów agroleśnych do terytorium kraju kolejność państw była inna. Stwierdzono bardzo silną, istotną, dodatnią zależność powierzchni systemów agroleśnych z powierzchnią kraju, powierzchnią UR oraz wartością dodaną brutto rolnictwa. Wystąpienie tych prawidłowości wynika z dużego wpływu skali danego państwa i prowadzonej w nim działalności rolniczej na stosowanie systemów rolno-leśnych. Nie stwierdzono związku poziomu intensywności produkcji rolniczej ze stosowaniem systemów agroleśnych. Przyczyn stosowania systemów rolno-leśnych należy szukać w tradycji i kulturze występującej w danych krajach, a nawet regionach.
Abstract	The aim of the study was to assess the degree of use of agroforestry crops in the European Union. The article presents the concentration of this type of crops in the EU countries and identifies factors related to the area and share of agroforestry crops. The source of the materials constituted data of EUROSTAT and LUCAS. The study period concerned 2015. The concentration of agroforestry crops occurred in southern Europe, especially in Spain, Portugal, Italy and Greece. Within each given country there was a large regional diversity. The largest share of agroforestry crops in agricultural lands was found in Cyprus, Portugal, Greece and Bulgaria, while the lowest was in the Czech Republic, Denmark and Germany. The sequence was different when pledging agroforestry to the national territory. A very strong, significant, positive dependence of agroforestry crop surface area on the surface of the country, surface area of UAA and gross value added of agriculture was found. The occurrence of these regularities results from the large influence of the scale of a given country and its agricultural activity on the use of agroforestry systems. There was no relation between the intensity level of agricultural production and the use of agroforestry systems. The reasons for using agro-crops should be sought in the tradition and culture of the countries and even regions..
Cytowanie	Golonko M., Perkowska A., Rokicki T. (2018) Zastosowanie systemów agroleśnych w krajach Unii Europejskiej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 2: 249-258
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n2_s249.pdf

Autor	Abhishek Pagare, Maria Parlińska
Tytuł	Food Losses and Food Waste Versus Circular Economy
Title	Food Losses and Food Waste Versus Circular Economy
Słowa kluczowe	food, circular economy, waste and food waste, food losses
Key words	food, circular economy, waste and food waste, food losses
Abstrakt	The article aims to introduce the issue of food waste and all attempts to prevent action. Business and politics are almost interdependent, and any discussion of an economic nature is not complete without a political contribution. The role of politics and politicians in shaping economic activities was and is widely discussed. In the article, there will be a discussion on the problems of food losses and waste in Poland as the member of EU and in India. The idea of the topic came during the tenure of collaboration between representatives of both departments. Conclusions of the study found some similarities and a lot of differences between the countries. Studies have shown that negative attitude of house-hold towards food waste is not frequently reflected in consumers’ behavior, despite their fundamental knowledge on how to reduce food waste. Properly selected and presented information will stimulate both consumer’s attitude and behavior.
Abstract	The article aims to introduce the issue of food waste and all attempts to prevent action. Business and politics are almost interdependent, and any discussion of an economic nature is not complete without a political contribution. The role of politics and politicians in shaping economic activities was and is widely discussed. In the article, there will be a discussion on the problems of food losses and waste in Poland as the member of EU and in India. The idea of the topic came during the tenure of collaboration between representatives of both departments. Conclusions of the study found some similarities and a lot of differences between the countries. Studies have shown that negative attitude of house-hold towards food waste is not frequently reflected in consumers’ behavior, despite their fundamental knowledge on how to reduce food waste. Properly selected and presented information will stimulate both consumer’s attitude and behavior.
Cytowanie	Pagare A., Parlińska M. (2018) Food Losses and Food Waste Versus Circular Economy.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 2: 228-237
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n2_s228.pdf

Autor	Magdalena Lampart, Mateusz Mierzejewski
Tytuł	Analysis of Business Cycles in the Breeding of Pigs, Cattle and Poultry and their Relationship to the Causality of Wheat and Rye Cultivation in Poland
Title	Analysis of Business Cycles in the Breeding of Pigs, Cattle and Poultry and their Relationship to the Causality of Wheat and Rye Cultivation in Poland
Słowa kluczowe	pork cycle, hog cycle, agribusiness, breeding, cycles
Key words	pork cycle, hog cycle, agribusiness, breeding, cycles
Abstrakt	The article presents a study on the phenomenon of pig gaps in the perspective of pig, cattle, and poultry farming in Poland. The work attempts to define the phenomenon itself as well as to show the reasons for its occurrence and significance for the Polish economy. The study used a cross-spectral analysis, which indicated cyclical relationships and shifts between the studied time series. The methodology of the work was based on a simplified spectral analysis, i.e. the use of the square of coherence, spectral density and phase spectrum. In addition, the article uses a comparative method for selected production volumes. The results were analyzed in the context of occurrence of pig cycles for breeding and cultivation. The study showed the occurrence of the relationship between pig breeding and wheat and rye cultivation.
Abstract	The article presents a study on the phenomenon of pig gaps in the perspective of pig, cattle, and poultry farming in Poland. The work attempts to define the phenomenon itself as well as to show the reasons for its occurrence and significance for the Polish economy. The study used a cross-spectral analysis, which indicated cyclical relationships and shifts between the studied time series. The methodology of the work was based on a simplified spectral analysis, i.e. the use of the square of coherence, spectral density and phase spectrum. In addition, the article uses a comparative method for selected production volumes. The results were analyzed in the context of occurrence of pig cycles for breeding and cultivation. The study showed the occurrence of the relationship between pig breeding and wheat and rye cultivation.
Cytowanie	Lampart M., Mierzejewski M. (2018) Analysis of Business Cycles in the Breeding of Pigs, Cattle and Poultry and their Relationship to the Causality of Wheat and Rye Cultivation in Poland.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 2: 218-227
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n2_s218.pdf

Autor	Małgorzata Juchniewicz, Katarzyna Łukiewska
Tytuł	Bariery rozwoju gospodarstw rolnych użytkujących grunty z Zasobu Własności Rolnej Skarbu Państwa
Title	Barriers to the Development of Farms Using Land from the Agricultural Property Resources of the State Treasury
Słowa kluczowe	gospodarstwo rolne, rozwój, bariery rozwoju, województwo warmińsko-mazurskie
Key words	farms, development, barriers to development, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
Abstrakt	Zachodzące przekształcenia społeczno-gospodarcze, w tym procesy liberalizacji i globalizacji, wzrost konkurencji oraz zmieniające się oczekiwania nabywców powodują, że warunki w jakich funkcjonuje rolnictwo są coraz bardziej złożone. Celem badań było określenie barier rozwoju gospodarstw rolnych w opinii rolników, którzy w swojej działalności użytkowali grunty pochodzące z Zasobu Własności Rolnej Skarbu Państwa (ZWRSP). Badaniem objęto 167 gospodarstw zlokalizowanych na obszarze województwa warmińsko-mazurskiego. Uzyskane wyniki przedstawiono dla całej badanej grupy oraz w zależności od formy zagospodarowania gruntów pochodzących z ZWRSP. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że rozwój gospodarstw rolnych zdaniem badanych hamowany jest głównie przez czynniki kosztowo-cenowe, takie jak: niestabilne ceny skupu, wysokie koszty produkcji rolniczej, wysokie ceny na środki produkcji oraz brak kapitału na rozwój.
Abstract	The ongoing socio-economic transformations in Poland, including the processes of liberalization and globalization, increased competition and changing expectations of buyers cause the conditions in which agriculture operates to be more and more complex. The purpose of the research was to identify barriers to the development of farms, in the opinion of farmers who in their operation used land from the Agricultural Property Resources of the State Treasury (ZWRSP). The study covered 167 farms located in the area of Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. The obtained results were presented for the entire studied group and according to the form of land management from the ZWRSP. The research shows that the development of farms, according to the respondents, is mainly inhibited by cost and price factors, such as: unstable purchase prices, high costs of agricultural production, high prices for means of production and lack of capital for development.
Cytowanie	Juchniewicz M., Łukiewska K. (2018) Bariery rozwoju gospodarstw rolnych użytkujących grunty z Zasobu Własności Rolnej Skarbu Państwa.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 2: 207-217
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n2_s207.pdf

Autor	Karol Kukuła, Lidia Luty
Tytuł	O wyborze metody porządkowania liniowego do oceny gospodarki odpadami w Polsce w ujęciu przestrzennym
Title	On the Selection of the Linear Ordering Method for the Evaluation of Waste Management in Poland in Spatial Approach
Słowa kluczowe	metoda porządkowania liniowego, cecha syntetyczna, odpady komunalne
Key words	linear ordering method, synthetic variable, municipal waste
Abstrakt	Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie techniki wyboru metody porządkowania liniowego obiektów ze względu na poziom zjawiska złożonego jakim jest stan gospodarki odpadami w województwach Polski. Do realizacji tego celu wyselekcjonowano cechy diagnostyczne opisujące badane zjawisko oraz wytypowano metody porządkowania liniowego. Następnie wykorzystując procedurę wyboru metody porządkowania dokonano wytypowania sposobu konstrukcji cechy syntetycznej, który pozwolił zbudować ranking województw ze względu na poziom analizowanego zjawiska. W dalszej kolejności dokonano podziału województw na cztery grupy: bardzo wysokiego, wysokiego, przeciętnego i niskiego poziomu rozwoju omawianego zjawiska. Badania pokazały, że wybór procedury konstrukcji cechy syntetycznej wpływa na ranking badanych obiektów. Otrzymany ranking pozwala sformułować wniosek, iż gospodarka odpadami w Polsce jest regionalnie zróżnicowana.
Abstract	The aim of the article is to present the technique of selection of the method of the linear ordering of objects due to the level of a complex phenomenon, which is the status of waste management in voivodeships in Poland. For this purpose there were selected diagnostic variables describing the analyzed phenomenon and linear ordering methods were selected. Then, using the selection procedure for ordering methods, it was chosen the method of construction of a synthetic variable, that allowed to build ranking of voivodeships due to the level of the analyzed phenomenon. Then the voivodeships were divided into four groups: very high, high, average and low level of the discussed phenomenon. The research showed that the selection of procedure for the construction of synthetic variable affects the ranking of tested objects. The obtained ranking allows to conclude that waste management in Poland is regionally differentiated.
Cytowanie	Kukuła K., Luty L. (2018) O wyborze metody porządkowania liniowego do oceny gospodarki odpadami w Polsce w ujęciu przestrzennym.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 2: 183-192
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n2_s183.pdf

Autor	Julian Krzyżanowski
Tytuł	The Evaluation of Implementation of Agricultural Sustainable Development Policy in the European Union
Title	The Evaluation of Implementation of Agricultural Sustainable Development Policy in the European Union
Słowa kluczowe	agriculture, European Union, „greening”, EIP
Key words	agriculture, European Union, „greening”, EIP
Abstrakt	Author tries to evaluate two elements of implementation of agricultural sustainable development policy in the European Union. Those elements are: “greening” and European innovation partnership. Greening is carried out by: crop diversification, maintenance of permanent grassland (PG), maintenance of ecological focus areas (EFA). Diversification of crops was carried out for three fourth of areas of arable lands in the EU. Diversification prevents soil erosion. Share of PG in the overall area of agricultural land in the EU is 29 %. The highest indicator is at present in the United Kingdom (90%), and the lowest in Cyprus, Malta, Denmark and Finland. From the set of actions maintaining the pro-environmental areas (EFA), the most popular were: setting aside (27 member states), and the least popular – afforestation (only 11 countries). When it comes to EFA area, the biggest share was the area for legume plants. New pro-environmental instrument is European Innovation Partnership for productive and sustainable agriculture. There has already been some results of this action in the EU countries.
Abstract	Author tries to evaluate two elements of implementation of agricultural sustainable development policy in the European Union. Those elements are: “greening” and European innovation partnership. Greening is carried out by: crop diversification, maintenance of permanent grassland (PG), maintenance of ecological focus areas (EFA). Diversification of crops was carried out for three fourth of areas of arable lands in the EU. Diversification prevents soil erosion. Share of PG in the overall area of agricultural land in the EU is 29 %. The highest indicator is at present in the United Kingdom (90%), and the lowest in Cyprus, Malta, Denmark and Finland. From the set of actions maintaining the pro-environmental areas (EFA), the most popular were: setting aside (27 member states), and the least popular – afforestation (only 11 countries). When it comes to EFA area, the biggest share was the area for legume plants. New pro-environmental instrument is European Innovation Partnership for productive and sustainable agriculture. There has already been some results of this action in the EU countries.
Cytowanie	Krzyżanowski J. (2018) The Evaluation of Implementation of Agricultural Sustainable Development Policy in the European Union.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 2: 175-182
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n2_s175.pdf