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Autor	Jan Hybel
Tytuł	Tendencje w rozwoju sektora usług w Polsce w latach 2000–2006
Title	Tendencies in the Services Sector Development in Poland in the years 2000–2006
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Abstract	The aim of the article is to present tendencies in the services sector development and its role in the creation of workplaces, capital expenditures and gross added value. The period 1995–2006 is analysed. The main data source was data published by Central Statistical Office. As a result of the conducted analysis the author states that transformation into market economy and Polish accession into European Union causes increase of the service sector as well as its particular sections dynamics. In the analyzed period two sections predominated in the structure of services: trade and repair and real estate activities
Cytowanie	Hybel J. (2008) Tendencje w rozwoju sektora usług w Polsce w latach 2000–2006.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 71: 5-13
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Autor	Grzegorz Spychalski
Tytuł	Działania interwencyjne w rolnictwie i na obszarach wiejskich w Polsce
Title	Intervention Activities in Agriculture and Rural Areas in Poland
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Abstract	The paper presents intervention mechanisms in Polish agriculture and rural areas in the aspect of institutions and used measures. The rural area is treated in the work as the socioeconomic category with the spatial and functional separation which is supported with special instruments. There is a description of Polish agricultural policy model and its evolution connected with the implementation of Common Agricultural Policy of European Union. Some possible improvements in the policy formula are discussed in the process of coordination and integration of the activities of public institution. The work is finished with diagnostic and application conclusions considering the increase of intervention activities efficiency in the food economy
Cytowanie	Spychalski G. (2008) Działania interwencyjne w rolnictwie i na obszarach wiejskich w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 71: 43-52
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Autor	Agnieszka Deresz, Marian Podstawka
Tytuł	Podatek dochodowy od osób fi zycznych: progresywny czy proporcjonalny?
Title	Income Tax on Individuals: Progressive or Proportionate?
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Abstract	The current system of income tax on individuals was created in the period 1991–1994. At that time it was considered to be a modern and coherent system that met economic needs. However, numerous changes arising as a result of budgetary needs meant that the system became unduly complex and unmanageable. The introduction of a single flat rate tax in Poland is very controversial. It has divided opinion, especially that of economists, politicians and society as a whole. Both sides of the argument point out the advantages and disadvantages of applying one tax rate regardless of total income of individuals. The aim of this article is to highlight these issues in economic and social terms as well as discussing how the organization and administration of the tax system can be streamlined. The study consists of an introduction and four parts. In the first one, the main concept of taxes is presented. The second one is devoted to tax justice and the third part to tax refunds which are one of the elements of the tax system. The last part outlines the main problems connected with, and the influence of social inequality on economic growth.
Cytowanie	Deresz A., Podstawka M. (2008) Podatek dochodowy od osób fi zycznych: progresywny czy proporcjonalny?.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 71: 67-83
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Autor	Piotr Adamczyk
Tytuł	Produktywność czynników wytwórczych w przemyśle spożywczym w Polsce
Title	The productivity of factors of production in food industry in Poland
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Abstract	The article examines the changes in the productivity of factors of production in food industry in the years 1997–2006. The theoretical part of the paper presents the methods of productivity measurement and the most frequently used indexes. The empirical part shows the changes of labour and capital productivity indexes in particular branches of food industry in the studied period. It was stated that when the production in Polish food industry grew, there was a simultaneous increase in labour productivity and decrease in capital productivity. Thus, there was a process of input substitution which resulted in the replacement of the labour by the capital
Cytowanie	Adamczyk P. (2008) Produktywność czynników wytwórczych w przemyśle spożywczym w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 71: 95-106
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Autor	Agnieszka Borowska
Tytuł	Unijny system ochrony żywnościowych produktów regionalnych i tradycyjnych
Title	European Union’s Quality Policy on the Example of Traditional and Regional Products
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Abstract	The article attempts to present situation and basic information about traditional and regional food market at the European Union, especially in Poland. It describes past and future potential threats resulting from the initial phase of creation of the food market alimentation niche
Cytowanie	Borowska A. (2008) Unijny system ochrony żywnościowych produktów regionalnych i tradycyjnych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 71: 107-122
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Autor	Ewa Wasilewska
Tytuł	Zmiany w strukturze zasiewów w Polsce w latach 1996–2007
Title	Changes in the Structure of Sown Area in Poland in the years 1996–2007
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Abstract	The paper presents changes in structure and area of sown of main agricultural products, including: cereals, industrial and fodder plants in the years 1996–2007. The author states, that cereals predominated in the structure of sown area and that decreasing tendency of sown area of potatoes occurred, what is the result of animal output intensification, mainly pigs. The decrease of sugar beets sown area was also observed, chiefly as a result of limited demand for sugar in recent years. The increase of sown area of industrial plants occurred, in particular rape and agrimony. The reason of that tendency is an increase of using rape and agrimony for technical purposes, mainly for biofuel production.
Cytowanie	Wasilewska E. (2008) Zmiany w strukturze zasiewów w Polsce w latach 1996–2007.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 71: 123-135
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Autor	Ewa Mossakowska
Tytuł	Poziom i wykorzystanie kapitału ludzkiego w województwie mazowieckim
Title	Level and Use of Human Capital in Mazowieckie province
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Abstract	The aim of this article is to analyse level of human capital and its use in Mazowieckie province in 2006 or 2007 (depending on data availability) and to compare the level of human capital and its use between Mazowieckie and other provinces. To this end, the so called Human Resources Index has been calculated, based on education, employment, enterprise and professional activity indexes. The level of human resources in Mazowieckie province has been measured mainly using the level of education of the population. The levels of lifelong learning of people aged 25–64 and presence of computers and Internet access in households are also presented. The Mazowieckie province is characterised by the highest level of the human resources in Poland, which results mainly from the province localisation, roles played by Warsaw, and the fact that numerous universities and research institutes are situated in the Capital
Cytowanie	Mossakowska E. (2008) Poziom i wykorzystanie kapitału ludzkiego w województwie mazowieckim.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 72: 5-16
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Autor	Piotr Adamczyk
Tytuł	Tendencje w poziomie i zróżnicowaniu wynagrodzeń w Polsce po przystąpieniu do Unii Europejskiej
Title	Tendencies in the Level and Diversity of Wages in Poland after the Accession to the European Union
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Abstract	The article presents the changes in the level of wages in Poland after its accession into EU. The aim of the research was to estimate the diversity rate of the wages in regional and professional context. The author used the data from the Central Statistical Office and the coefficient of variation. It was stated that within the years 2004–2007 the real wage increased in all voivodships and sectors of national economy. It was also observed that disproportion in the level of wages occurred before 2004 was decreasing slowly
Cytowanie	Adamczyk P. (2008) Tendencje w poziomie i zróżnicowaniu wynagrodzeń w Polsce po przystąpieniu do Unii Europejskiej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 72: 17-25
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Autor	Dorota Klembowska
Tytuł	Zmiany w zatrudnieniu w Polsce i krajach Unii Europejskiej
Title	Employment Changes in Poland and European Union Member States
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Abstract	The aim of the paper is to analyse the employment changes in Poland and the European Union in the 2000–2007 period. The main source of performed research was the Eurostat database. In examined time the employment rate increased in the whole European Union. Also the employment rate in Poland raised up (to 57% level) at the end of the year 2007, however it was lower by about 8,4 percentage points than employment average for the European Union. The employment rate of woman in Poland increased from 48,9% to 50,6% between of 2000 and 2007. Furthermore, the employment rate for older people in 55–64 age amounted to 28,4% in 2000, but in 2007 also rose to 29,7% level. Besides improving the situation on labour market, Poland will have serious difficulties in achievement the Lisbon and Stockholm Strategy target
Cytowanie	Klembowska D. (2008) Zmiany w zatrudnieniu w Polsce i krajach Unii Europejskiej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 72: 51-63
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Autor	Kinga Gruziel
Tytuł	Konsekwencje finansowe wprowadzenia podatku dochodowego w indywidualnych gospodarstwach rolniczych
Title	Financial Consequences of Income Tax in Individual Farms Introducing
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Abstract	In the study an attempt at describing financial consequences of income tax introducing in individual farms situated in FADN regions Wielkopolska i Śląsk and Mazowsze i Podlasie was made. The highest profits from income tax introducing were stated in agricultural farms type “crops” and “crops and various animals”. The highest burden from income tax introducing for hectare of arable land would occurred in agricultural farms type “granivores” especially of the area 5–15 hectares of arable land
Cytowanie	Gruziel K. (2008) Konsekwencje finansowe wprowadzenia podatku dochodowego w indywidualnych gospodarstwach rolniczych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 72: 91-105
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Autor	Alina Daniłowska
Tytuł	Dług publiczny – jego struktura, przyczyny, rozmiary i skutki
Title	Public debt, its structure, reasons, value and results
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Abstract	The aim of the paper is to examine the theoretical and practical dimensions of public debt in Poland. The empirical study concerns Poland in the course of 1990–2006. The analysis showed 95% of public debt in Poland is due to debt of State treasure. The level of debt (as % of GDP) is lower comparing with many “old” countries of UE and some of post socialistic countries. However, the public debt servicing charges the state budget noticeably
Cytowanie	Daniłowska A. (2008) Dług publiczny – jego struktura, przyczyny, rozmiary i skutki.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 72: 107-118
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Autor	Andrzej Jędruchniewicz
Tytuł	Popytowe przyczyny inflacji w Polsce
Title	Causes of Demand-Pull Inflation in Poland
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Abstract	Inflation is one of main factors influencing economy development. This is the reason why monetary policy is aimed at holding down inflation at low level. In Poland in the years 2001–2007 the influence of nominal interest rates on the level of inflation was unmistakable but on the low level. Inflation reacted changes of interest rates the most strongly after 6–7 quarters. The most important demand factor in inflation analysis is domestic demand, especially demand gap. Demand gap was computed by subtracting proportional increase of domestic production from proportional increase of domestic demand. The impact of demand gap on the price level changes was significant, excluding data from the year 2001. Monetary authorities ought to observe demand gap intently, because it can become in future main threat for assumed level of inflation. An increase of final demand combined with the low growth GDP rate and increase of production costs will cause intense rise of price’s level.
Cytowanie	Jędruchniewicz A. (2008) Popytowe przyczyny inflacji w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 72: 119-130
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Autor	Agnieszka Borowska
Tytuł	Postawy europejskich konsumentów wobec produktów tradycyjnych i regionalnych
Title	Attitudes of European Consumers to Traditional and Regional Products
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Abstract	The article attempts to present situation and consumer’s opinion about traditional and regional food market in Poland. It describes past and future potential threats resulting from the initial phase of creation of niche food alimentation market in Poland. The article presents fragmentary results of research conducted within a grant-research project implemented with the financial support of Foundation Cooperation Fund, Agro-Smak 2 Programme concerning the opinions of consumers and their attitudes, i.e. inclinations to purchase traditional/regional products in Poland. The research was conducted with the technical help of PENTOR Research International S.A. This review was prepared based on the primary empirical material collected during two rounds of research – round 1 conducted between September 20–25, 2007 (research stage 1) and between October 4–9, 2007 (research stage 2). The research was based on a representative sample of 1028 and 1032 Polish nationals of at least 15 years of age. The researchers re159 lied on Omnibus type of research using direct interview technique (face-to-face interviews at respondents’ homes) aided by state-of-the art recording and data processing technique – computer record. The aim of the research was to determine the respondents’ level of declarative knowledge of Polish traditional/regional food products and to define a potential group of purchasers of these products, as well as to find out whether the products, which apply for official EU registration, are purchased by consumers, at least from time to time. Questions were grouped in thematic groups. The goal was to collect feedback from respondents concerning their awareness and frequency of purchase of traditional/regional food products as chosen from among the range of different products of the same category available in the market. The questionnaire was also expected to reveal the respondents’ determination to purchase the products in question in the future as well as to unveil possible assumptions behind not purchasing the products concerned and behind the consumers’ attempts to seek for information on the products under analysis.
Cytowanie	Borowska A. (2008) Postawy europejskich konsumentów wobec produktów tradycyjnych i regionalnych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 72: 145-159
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Autor	Joanna Wrzesińska
Tytuł	Rozwój wielkopowierzchniowych obiektów handlowych w Polsce
Title	Development of Large-Shopping-Area Objects in Poland
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Abstract	In the paper the development of LSAO in Poland in the span 1990–2007 was discussed. Changes in quantitative structure of stores, concrete mergers and takings over of LSAO as well as productivity of trading area on polish market were presented. Main grown trends of LSAO and its transformation were also discussed
Cytowanie	Wrzesińska J. (2008) Rozwój wielkopowierzchniowych obiektów handlowych w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 72: 161-170
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Autor	Ewa Krawczyk
Tytuł	Miejsce Warszawskiej Giełdy Papierów Wartościowych wśród wybranych giełd Europy Środkowej
Title	Position of Warsaw Stock Exchange among Chosen Stock Exchanges of Central Europe
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Abstract	Warsaw Stock Exchange in the years 2007 was characterized by the highest capitalization among stock exchanges of new member countries of the European Union and it is the middle size stock exchange in Europe. At the end of the year 2007 the index of capitalization of domestic companies to gross domestic product of Poland amounted to 47.3%, what shows at quantitative and qualitative development of Warsaw Stock Exchange and well realized strategy. WSE is characterized by low liquidity ratio in comparison with exchanges of Central and Eastern Europe. At the end of 2007 liquidity ratio of WSE amounted to 44.3%, when in Hungary amounted to 109,8% and in Czech Republic to 76,2%.
Cytowanie	Krawczyk E. (2008) Miejsce Warszawskiej Giełdy Papierów Wartościowych wśród wybranych giełd Europy Środkowej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 72: 171-179
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Autor	Michał Szponarowicz
Tytuł	Zmiany poziomu i struktury aktywów finansowych polskich gospodarstw domowych
Title	Changes in the Level and Structure of Polish Households’ Financial Assets
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Abstract	The aim of this article is to analyse changes in the level and structure of households’ financial assets in Poland. The discourse involves selected economical factors, which condition the method of household investments. Crucial determinants influencing the increase of financial assets worth include the establishment of Open Pension Funds as new entities on the financial market. In addition the growth of Investment Funds sector influenced the increased activity of households in investments. Those changes facilitated households with an easier access to financial tools. Changes which took place in the structure and level of Polish people’s savings were, among other factors, the effect of the general growth of Polish economy. Major role in the development of financial assets’ structure was played by non-economical factors: demographic and psychological. The latter factors exhibit high level of influence during dynamic fluctuations (both increase and decrease) of market index value. Such a situation occurred during the discussed period of time
Cytowanie	Szponarowicz M. (2008) Zmiany poziomu i struktury aktywów finansowych polskich gospodarstw domowych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 72: 181-197
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Autor	Mariusz Chądrzyński
Tytuł	Rola sektora MSP w handlu zagranicznym Polski w latach 1994–2004
Title	Role of MSE Sector in Polish External Trade in the years 1994–2004
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Abstract	In the paper an attempt at describing the role of MSE sector in the external trade of Poland in the years 1994–2004 was made. The author analyzed the share of MSE sector enterprises in export and import as well as export and import dynamics and the enterprises’ level of balance of trade in the analysed span
Cytowanie	Chądrzyński M. (2008) Rola sektora MSP w handlu zagranicznym Polski w latach 1994–2004.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 72: 199-211
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Autor	Jacek Maśniak
Tytuł	Formy obrotu ziemią rolniczą w Polsce
Title	Forms of Agricultural Land Turnover in Poland
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Abstract	The aim of the article is to introduce the importance of individual forms of agricultural land turnover. The analysis covers land turnover defined in narrow scope, including only ownership changes of land possession. The research covers the span 1990–2006. The analysis shows, that in examined period the importance of market and non-market agricultural land turnover changed. In the year 1990 non-market transaction amounted to 71% of total agricultural land transactions, and next, starting from the mid-nineties the share of them stabilised at the level of 45–50%. The liberalization of the agricultural land turnover after 1990 had revived private land market. In 2006 82% of market transactions was reached between private individuals, and in 18% public sector participated.
Cytowanie	Maśniak J. (2008) Formy obrotu ziemią rolniczą w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 72: 213-222
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Autor	Ludwik Wicki
Tytuł	Produkcyjne i ekonomiczne efekty stosowania kwalifikowanego materiału siewnego w produkcji zbóż jarych i ziemniaków
Title	The influence of using of certified seed on production and economics of spring cereals and potato production in Poland
Słowa kluczowe	produkcja zbóż, postęp techniczny w rolnictwie, postęp biologiczny, opłacalność produkcji, technologia produkcji
Key words	cereals production, technical progress in agriculture, biological progress, production profitability, production technology
Abstrakt	Celem badań była ocena wpływu stosowania kwalifikowanego materiału siewnego zbóż jarych i ziemniaków na plony i wyniki ekonomiczne produkcji. Analizę przeprowadzono na podstawie informacji o nakładach i produkcji zebranych na poziomie pojedynczych pól w postaci 28 tys. kart w latach 1986-2003 z około 500 gospodarstw prowadzących rachunkowość dla IERiGŻ. Stwierdzono, że na plantacjach, na których stosowano kwalifikowany materiał siewny lub sadzeniakowy uzyskiwano plony o 15-20% wyższe (o około 5 dt/ha). Wyniki ekonomiczne produkcji były jednak niższe o 3-10%.
Abstract	This paper aims to present the influence of using the certified seed on production and economic results of spring cereals and potato in Poland. The research was conducted based on field data collected in agricultural farms in the period 1986-2003. There were over 28 thousand of field observation from about 500 farms. The researches show that significantly higher yields were gained when the certified seed were used for sowing or planting. The differences in yields were about was about 15-20%. It was also ascertained that using the certified seed was negatively correlated to economic gross margin gained from cereals and potato production. The latter results coming from some differences in volume of inputs needed if one want to explore new varieties potential. Positive economic results of certified seed using can be reached only in case of advanced technology and precision agriculture implementation.
Cytowanie	Wicki L. (2008) Produkcyjne i ekonomiczne efekty stosowania kwalifikowanego materiału siewnego w produkcji zbóż jarych i ziemniaków.Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych, Seria G, t. 95, z. 2: 48-59
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Autor	Piotr Sulewski, Adam Wąs
Tytuł	Gospodarstwa wielkoobszarowe w różnych scenariuszach uwarunkowań ekonomicznych w perspektywie roku 2013 . studium przypadku
Title	LARGE SCALE FARMS IN DIFFERENT POLICY SCENARIOS FOR 2013 YEAR . CASE STUDY
Słowa kluczowe	gospodarstwa wielkoobszarowe, dochód gospodarstw, liniowy model optymalizacyjny
Key words	large farms, farm income, linear optimization model
Abstrakt	W opracowaniu przedstawiono wyniki ekonomiczne oraz niezbędne dostosowania w strukturze produkcji czterech gospodarstw wielkoobszarowych w perspektywie roku 2013. Analizę przeprowadzono dla trzech potencjalnych scenariuszy sytuacji ekonomicznej. Podstawą porównań był rok bazowy 2006. Do obliczeń wykorzystano liniowy model optymalizacyjny gospodarstwa rolnego.
Abstract	Large size farms despite of small share in the population of farms in Poland are an important part of the agricultural sector due to their share in total supply of agricultural production. The paper aims to investigate direction of changes in production structure and income situation of most common Polish large farm types in different policy scenarios. For each of considered dairy, pig, cattle and arable farm an optimization linear programming model has been set up. Results show that there is still a field for improvements in production patterns of agricultural holdings modelled. Optimization of the cropping structure results with a meaningful farm income increase and less dependency on direct payments.
Cytowanie	Sulewski P., Wąs A. (2008) Gospodarstwa wielkoobszarowe w różnych scenariuszach uwarunkowań ekonomicznych w perspektywie roku 2013 . studium przypadku .Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych, Seria G, t. 95, z. 1: 76-84
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2008_n1_s76.pdf