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Autor	Zenon Pokojski
Tytuł	Dystrybucja produktów dla rolnictwa w Polsce – w poszukiwaniu nowych źródeł przewagi konkurencyjnej
Title	Distribution of products for agriculture in Poland – in search of new sources of competitive advantage
Słowa kluczowe	kanał dystrybucji, dystrybutor, rolniczy łańcuch wartości
Key words	distribution channel, distributor, agricultural value chain
Abstrakt	Do 2004 r. dystrybucję produktów dla rolnictwa w Polsce uważano za stosunkowo słabo rozwiniętą na tle innych krajów Europy. Wskazywano dużą liczbę małych przedsiębiorstw prowadzących dystrybucję, których strategie opierały się głównie na konkurencji cenowej. Jednak ta sytuacja po przystąpieniu Polski do Unii Europejskiej zaczęła się szybko zmieniać. Liczba podmiotów zaczęła się zmniejszać, a dystrybutorzy zaczęli przejmować funkcje hurtowników oraz detalistów. Model biznesowy dystrybucji w Polsce wciąż ewoluuje, dostosowując się do dynamiki zmian oczekiwań klientów. Celem pracy jest zaprezentowanie zmian w dystrybucji jako ogniwa rolniczego łańcucha wartości. Na podstawie przeglądu literatury, danych z raportów SM GP i Ibris za lata 2014 i 2015 oraz obserwacji uczestniczącej autora jako wiceprezesa zarządu GA Puławy nadzorującego omawiany obszar przedstawiono nowe aspekty w działalności dystrybutorów takie jak usługi doradztwa rolnego i organizację finansowania działalności gospodarczej rolników.
Abstract	The distribution of agricultural products in Poland is considered to be relatively weak compared to other European countries. There is a huge number of small players whose strategies are based primarily on price competition. This situation, however, after Poland’s accession to the European Union began to change rapidly. The number of players began to decrease, distributors have overtaken the roles of wholesalers and retailers. The distribution model in Poland is still evolving, adjusting the offer to dynamic changes to meet the expectations of customers. Individual elements of the agricultural value chain seek new opportunities to create and capture the highest margins in the portfolio of companies that participate in the production and delivery of a product to a farmer. The goal of this study is to present changes in distribution as a link in the agricultural value chain. The author will more broadly present new phenomena in this market, such as agricultural advisory services and the organization of financing the economic activity of farmers. The publication is the result of a research study based on data from TNS Polska and Ibris conducted in 2015 and observations as Vice President of GA Puławy responsible for this area.
Cytowanie	Pokojski Z. (2017) Dystrybucja produktów dla rolnictwa w Polsce – w poszukiwaniu nowych źródeł przewagi konkurencyjnej.Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich, t. 104, z. 4: 86-98
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2017_n4_s86.pdf

Autor	Ewa Kołoszycz
Tytuł	Ekonomiczne i organizacyjne zmiany w gospodarstwach mlecznych należących do Europejskiego Stowarzyszenia Producentów Mleka
Title	Economic and organizational changes in dairy farms members of the European Dairy Farmers
Słowa kluczowe	zarządzanie stadem, koszty produkcji mleka, próg rentowności
Key words	herd management, milk production costs, breakeven point
Abstrakt	W opracowaniu scharakteryzowano zmiany, które zaszły w gospodarstwach wyspecjalizowanych w produkcji mleka w okresie przed reformą rynku mleka w Europie i po niej. Do badań wybrano 124 gospodarstwa należące do Europejskiego Stowarzyszenia Producentów Mleka (EDF ), które w latach 2012-2016 uczestniczyły w analizach kosztów produkcji mleka. Wyniki badań wskazują, że we wszystkich grupach analizowanych gospodarstw nastąpił wyraźny wzrost produkcji, wynikający zarówno ze wzrostu wielości stad krów, jak i z poprawy wydajności mlecznej. Zaobserwowano wzrost intensywności wykorzystania ziemi i pracy, a także pogorszenie produktywności kapitału zaangażowanego w produkcję mleka. Największe różnice między grupami w ponoszonych kosztach produkcji mleka były w kosztach alternatywnych i amortyzacji. Niekorzystna sytuacja cenowa na rynku w 2016 r. sprawiła, że całkowite koszty produkcji mleka były niższe od cen mleka zaledwie w 12% analizowanych gospodarstwach.
Abstract	The paper aims to discussion of the changes that have been made in farms specialised in milk production in the period before and after changes the dairy market in Europe. To research is based on the selected 124 farm belonging to the European Dairy Farmers (EDF), which in period 2012-2016 participated in the analysis of the cost of milk production. There were examined changes in the organization of production, used resources, and the economic effects on farms. The results indicate that all groups of farms have increased their milk production, resulting from the growth of both the multiplicity of cow herds as well as with the improvement of milk yield. It has been observed an increase in the intensity of land use and labor, and has worsened the productivity of capital involved in dairy production. The biggest differences between the groups in the incurred costs in milk production were in the opportunity cost and depreciation. Unfavorable price situation on the market in 2016 resulted in the situation that, the total cost of milk production were lower than the prices of milk only by 12% in the analysed farms.
Cytowanie	Kołoszycz E. (2017) Ekonomiczne i organizacyjne zmiany w gospodarstwach mlecznych należących do Europejskiego Stowarzyszenia Producentów Mleka.Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich, t. 104, z. 4: 99-111
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2017_n4_s99.pdf

Autor	Vitalii Boiko, Yuriy Hubeni, Petro Olishchuk
Tytuł	A Retrospective Evaluation of Rural Populations: Social and Economic Challenges, Expectations and Evaluation
Title
Słowa kluczowe	rural population, economic expectations, reform, agrarian transformation, sociology, Lviv, Ukraine
Key words
Abstrakt	In 1996 and 2016, respectively, the Independent Creative Group (ICG) conducted a comprehensive sociological study "Economic reform - the eye of the village." The aim of the project was to explore the evaluation of economic reform of rural populations in 5 areas: a) economic reform; b) quality of life and expectations; c) businesses; d) agricultural transformation; e) development of farming. The research was conducted in the form of "sociological fixation" expectations, estimates and other reactions to social challenges. The object of the study was a typical village of the Lviv region. The study confirmed the simultaneous increase of confidence in economic transformation and the growth of pessimism in the impact of reforms. The rural population understands the goals and objectives of reforms, and supports private property and the market economy. The standard of living has improved significantly, but it does not cover the real expectations of the population. Farmers understand the role and importance of entrepreneurship and accept new business entities. The study showed significant structural changes in the views and assessments of rural residents of the Lviv region. There is obvious public awareness of fundamental lifestyle changes in the countryside.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Boiko V., Hubeni Y., Olishchuk P. (2017) A Retrospective Evaluation of Rural Populations: Social and Economic Challenges, Expectations and Evaluation.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 17(32), z. 4: 105-110
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2017_T17(32)_n4_s105.pdf

Autor	Joanna Jaroszewska, Robert Pietrzykowski
Tytuł	Convergence of the Labour Productivity in European Union Agriculture
Title
Słowa kluczowe	labour productivity, convergence, UE
Key words
Abstrakt	The objective of the paper is to examine the changes in the level of diversification of the labour productivity in the European Union countries in the years 1998-2015, and then to determine whether there is any convergence of the labour productivity among these countries. The labour productivity has been calculated as a relation of the gross value added at constant prices per one full-time employee. The study used the Economic Accounts for Agriculture (EAA) and the Agricultural Labour Input (ALI). The study covered the European Union countries, broken down by the countries of the „old” EU (EU-15) and the countries admitted to the EU after 2004. In order to determine the changes occurring in these countries, sigma-convergence (σ) and beta-convergence (β) have been used. The study shows that after 2011 there was a process of convergence among the EU countries in terms of the labour productivity in agriculture.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Jaroszewska J., Pietrzykowski R. (2017) Convergence of the Labour Productivity in European Union Agriculture.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 17(32), z. 4: 120-129
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2017_T17(32)_n4_s120.pdf

Autor	Andrzej Ferenc, Ewa Koreleska
Tytuł	Functioning of “Organics Cluster” in the French National and Regional Market of Organic Food
Title
Słowa kluczowe	cluster, organic food, organic farming, organic market, integration, France
Key words
Abstrakt	The main aim of this study is to identify a model organic food cluster situated on the territory of a selected European Union country and its operation effects. In the first part of the study a selected food market of France is characterized as a reference point of further analyses and studies. The data was obtained from French domestic reports which cover years 2007-2016. Dynamics of changes has been defined as well as the trends characteristic of the analyzed period. The method of least squares has been used. Moreover, a definition and the importance of clusters has been presented on the basis of the literature of that topic. The part of the study includes a description of functioning of a selected French organic food cluster is described and evaluated. The method of case study has been used. It has been found that in 2007-2016 the eco-sector in France has developed significantly. A distinctly rising linear trend in the number of organic farms, ecological companies, ecologically cultivated land, the size of the market and degree of French people's knowledge of organic food labels has been reported for the eco-branch in France. As many as 112 projects have been implemented in the analyzed cluster. Those projects involved innovative and export undertakings which allowed to achieve a competitive advantage on the domestic market and even abroad. Positive effects also include possibility of experience exchange and financial support particularly important for young entrepreneurs.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Ferenc A., Koreleska E. (2017) Functioning of “Organics Cluster” in the French National and Regional Market of Organic Food.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 17(32), z. 4: 151-160
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2017_T17(32)_n4_s151.pdf

Autor	Agnieszka Tłuczak
Tytuł	Konkurencyjność przestrzenna rolnictwa w krajach Unii Europejskiej
Title	Spatial Competitiveness of Agriculture in European Union Countries
Słowa kluczowe	konkurencyjność, rolnictwo, Esteban-Marquillas
Key words	competitiveness, agriculture, Esteban-Marquillas, European Union
Abstrakt	Celem opracowania jest zbadanie relacji między poziomem konkurencyjności rolnictwa w poszczególnych krajach Unii Europejskiej a przeciętną wielkością produkcji rolnej z 1 ha użytków rolnych. Dodatkowo w pracy podjęto próbę określenia charakteru przestrzennych zmian wielkości produkcji rolnej w podziale na sektory. Wyniki opracowano na podstawie metody zmian konkurencyjności Estebana-Marquillasa, która pozwala na diagnostykę potencjału produkcyjnego rolnictwa regionu. W szczególności analiza ta pozwoliła na wskazanie regionów wyspecjalizowanych oraz charakteru zmian strukturalnych w zakresie badanego zjawiska. Badania przeprowadzono na podstawie danych dotyczących wielkości produkcji rolnej, w podziale na roślinną i zwierzęcą i ich podgatunki. Wszelkie dane zaczerpnięto z baz danych Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego. Badania obejmują lata 2005-2014.
Abstract	The aim of this study is to present the competitiveness of agriculture in the EU countries. The results are based on the Esteban-Marquillas competitiveness model, which allows the diagnosis of a region's production potential. In particular, this analysis allows identification of specialized regions and the nature of structural changes in the examined phenomenon. The study was conducted on the basis of data on the volume of agricultural crop and animal production and their subspecies. All data was taken from the databases of the Central Statistical Office. The study covers the years 2004-2014.
Cytowanie	Tłuczak A. (2017) Konkurencyjność przestrzenna rolnictwa w krajach Unii Europejskiej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 17(32), z. 3: 279-285
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2017_T17(32)_n3_s279.pdf

Autor	Dorota Kozioł-Kaczorek
Tytuł	The Plant Production in Norway
Title
Słowa kluczowe	plant production, climate conditions, topography, subsidies, agriculture in Norway
Key words
Abstrakt	A problem of the Norwegian agricultural policy, a description of the current types of subsidies for plant production and ongoing changes in the plant production in the years 2001 – 2016 is presented in this paper. There are also short information about topography of Norway and climate conditions. The main aim of the publication is to characterize changes in the plant production in the considered period. There is not too many publications about the Norwegian agriculture and plant production. The data from Statistiska Sentralbyrå (Statistics Norway) were used in the quantitative analysis. The results indicate the slight changes in the plant production in Norwegian agriculture i.e. decrease of number of holdings with plant, decrease of area of crops and size of yields.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Kozioł-Kaczorek D. (2017) The Plant Production in Norway.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 17(32), z. 4: 172-181
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2017_T17(32)_n4_s172.pdf

Autor	Agnieszka Parlińska, Maria Parlińska
Tytuł	The Crop Insurance Systems in Poland Towards the EU
Title
Słowa kluczowe	crop insurance, subsidies, risk
Key words
Abstrakt	The increasing number of unfavorable conditions of agricultural production causes the farmers to suffer severe losses in their activity. At the same time, the increase in the profitability of agricultural production, the support of numerous European Union funds, led to increased interest in insurance as an instrument supporting agricultural risk management. Hence, both the agricultural industry and the insurance industry see the need to create an effective agricultural and livestock insurance system. The paper examines the changes and scope of crop insurance in Poland towards the European Countries. There were presented issues connecting to policies, regulation and state aid rules, crop insurance level in EU countries and characteristic of the crop insurance market – case study Poland. There was used descriptive and comparative methods, as well as the selected statistical method. The analysis was performed in the years 2005-2016.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Parlińska A., Parlińska M. (2017) The Crop Insurance Systems in Poland Towards the EU.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 17(32), z. 4: 228-235
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2017_T17(32)_n4_s228.pdf

Autor	Anna Rytko
Tytuł	The Economic Development in the Context of the Development of Foreign Trade in Poland – a Comparison to some EU Countries
Title
Słowa kluczowe	economic growth, export diversification, export competitiveness, comparative advantage
Key words
Abstrakt	The themes of the impact of foreign trade on economic growth has been repeatedly assumed by investigators and were most often related to various aspects: the openness of the economies, economic prosperity, competitiveness and diversification of export. The objective of the research was the evaluation of changes in economic development and the development of foreign trade in Poland comparing them with the EU and some EU countries. Particular attention was given to the issue of diversification and competitiveness of exports by putting the hypothesis that the greater product diversification of Polish export, the greater its competitiveness, which leads to economic growth. The work uses the following test methods: descriptive methods, statistical methods, the indexing methods of which Indicator of the Absolute Deviations and Revealed Comparative Advantages were calculated. Export diversification can lead to speeding up the pace of economic growth. By analyzing in detail the situations in Poland can conclude that it is advisable to diversify of the export structure.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Rytko A. (2017) The Economic Development in the Context of the Development of Foreign Trade in Poland – a Comparison to some EU Countries.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 17(32), z. 4: 271-279
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2017_T17(32)_n4_s271.pdf

Autor	Mykola Orlykovskyi, Ludwik Wicki, Lesia Zaburanna
Tytuł	Agriculture in Poland and Ukraine – Potential and Dynamics of Changes in Production
Title
Słowa kluczowe	productivity gap, agriculture efficiency, production factors, agriculture development
Key words
Abstrakt	The article attempts to compare the importance of agriculture and the dynamics of its development in Ukraine and Poland. The most important constraints on the development of Ukrainian agriculture were identified, including the unregulated land market, lack of coherent support programs for agriculture and rural areas, poorly developed infrastructure of the agricultural environment and lack of capital for development. It was found that agriculture in Ukraine is characterized by a high growth rate of productivity and production. The observed output gap in relation to agriculture in Poland is about 10 years. The agricultural sector in Ukraine has about 10% share in generating GDP and as much as 40% share in exports. Such high importance can be maintained even in the conditions of economic development, as there are large reserves in the development of agribusiness. The most important development factors include the introduction of a coherent program for the development of the agribusiness sector, including production of goods with high added value and increasing the availability of capital for the development of agriculture. A great opportunity is the development of trade in the conditions of affiliation with the EU.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Orlykovskyi M., Wicki L., Zaburanna L. (2017) Agriculture in Poland and Ukraine – Potential and Dynamics of Changes in Production.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 17(32), z. 4: 326-338
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2017_T17(32)_n4_s326.pdf

Autor	Sylwester Kozak
Tytuł	Changes in the level of risk in investment funds in Poland
Title	Changes in the level of risk in investment funds in Poland
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	capital market, investment funds, investment risk
Abstrakt
Abstract	The paper analyzes changes in risk of investment fund portfolios in different phases of the macroeconomic cycle. Twenty nine equity investment funds operating during the period of 2005–2015 were examined. The risk was assessed by the standard deviationof rates of return on funds and the β coefficient. The research indicates that the exposure of fund portfolios to risk changed in response to macroeconomic conditions and the situation on the capital market. Risk hit its highest level during the financial crisis years (2008–2011),followed by the dynamic macroeconomic growth years (2005–2007). The moderate growth years (2012–2015) exposed funds to the lowest risk. For the entire period the average and the median funds and the market were exposed to a similar amount of investment risk.
Cytowanie	Kozak S.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2017_n1_s23.pdf

Autor	Yaroslava Larina
Tytuł	Innovation and marketing strategies of enterprises on the innovative food products market
Title	Innovation and marketing strategies of enterprises on the innovative food products market
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	innovation, innovative product, innovative food product, innovative strategy, FMCG sector
Abstrakt
Abstract	The purpose of the present paper is to identify the particular use of marketing strategies for innovative products and to define the features thereof. Innovative food products can be defined as those made of unconventional materials, with the use of the latest technologies and new methods of processing and storage, and/or innovative tools of marketing promotion. In the paper I show that innovative strategy is a leading functional strategy of high-tech enterprises. It involves producing a comprehensive set of measures for improving technological aspects of the production process, changes in the company’s organisational structure, and the implementation of modern management technologies. The strategy requires companies to act consistently, which allows them to position themselves in the market. A change in strategy is a response to changing external conditions. Innovative food products belong to the FMCG market, which is characterised by tough competition and oversupply. Forming effective strategies, creating successful brands and profitable business activity in this market requires an approach tailored to this market. Strategies of leading brands in the FMCG sector include seeking out prospects in emerging markets, acquiring leaders in profitable and attractive segments and forming alliances with competitors.
Cytowanie	Larina Y.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2017_n1_s33.pdf

Autor	Emil Ochnio
Tytuł	Changes in the profitability of investment funds in Poland in the period 2005-2016
Title	Changes in the profitability of investment funds in Poland in the period 2005-2016
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	financial sector, investment funds, profitability
Abstrakt
Abstract	The paper examines the rates of return of three main types of investment funds in the period of from 2005 to June 2016. The analysis covers 120 equity, 55 bond and 60 mixed funds and is based on data taken from www.bossa.pl, www.analizy.pl and www.izfa.pl. The results of analysis indicate that macroeconomic conditions significantly shape fund returns, though the impact is diversified by fund type. Better stock market conditions benefit equity and mixed funds, and the periods of economic slowdown are favorable for safer funds, including bond and money market funds. For the entire period, equity funds achieved the highest returns, but with the highest risk. The opposite situation concerned bond funds. The average returns of every type of fund were higher than deposit rates – more than 50% of the funds outgained them.
Cytowanie	Ochnio E.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2017_n1_s59.pdf

Autor	Kateryna Zavalniuk
Tytuł	Diversification as a modern growth strategy in agriculture
Title	Diversification as a modern growth strategy in agriculture
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	strategy, marketing strategy, diversification, agrarian groups, agricultural enterprises
Abstrakt
Abstract	The aim of the article is to examine the theoretical foundations of diversification strategy and identify the characteristics of its application in agriculture. The relevance of diversification strategy research is that its implementation allows additional income to be made, ensures financial stability for enterprise when demand for basic products fluctuates, and strengthens the competitive position in chosen markets. The importance for enterprise of implementing growth strategy is discussed, as is the economic essence of “marketing strategy”. Dynamic changes in the market force producers to review their activity and seek a more optimum development strategy. Diversification can be the optimal strategy when market conditions are uncertain. The article analyzes the essence and types of diversification along with the benefits and disadvantages of diversification strategy. As a result of the research, features of diversification strategy for the agricultural sector were analysed, the essence of which may be found in the unification of agricultural products with other kinds of activity. This is done to decrease the risk arising from receding demand for main agricultural products. The study found that the most effective and least risky strategy is vertical diversification, which involves obtaining a synergistic effect and reducing transaction costs (through the use of a single production chain from field to consumer).
Cytowanie	Zavalniuk K.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2017_n1_s123.pdf

Autor	Natalia Stepaniuk
Tytuł	Development of educational migration in Ukraine
Title	Development of educational migration in Ukraine
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	educational migration, economy, immigration, emigration, educational migrants, human capital, movement of intelligence, globalization
Abstrakt
Abstract	The article studies the historical development of educational migration processes in Ukraine. It processes the classification of educational migration in view of global instability and manifestations of the crisis. It also suggests measures that should be implemented to prevent significant educational immigration from Ukraine. It also determines that the prerequisite for the educational migration is the desire of an individual to get certain education, which can be classified in terms of desired level of qualification, professional specialization, directions, methods and ways of getting education and the desired result. It is noted that a specific feature of educational migration is its impact not only on the profitability of the educational sector (or a particular university), but also on the economy of the country (region) that provides educational services in general. In addition, the consumers of educational services are a potential workforce of corresponding qualifications. In order to define characteristic features of educational migration from Ukraine, it was necessary to identify individual characteristics of such transferences; that is why classification of educational migration was done in view of global instability and manifestations of the crisis. To maintain and expand the reproduction of intellectual potential, it was suggested to use effective measures of educational and migration policy that would quickly adapt to the changes in the global economic environment. It is necessary to apply the mechanisms which could establish systematic movement of intelligence, capital, and information in two mutually symmetrical directions (into Ukraine and out of Ukraine). It is necessary to strengthen the competitive advantages of Ukraine in science, education and high technologies.
Cytowanie	Stepaniuk N.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2017_n2_s101.pdf

Autor	Przemysław Szuba, Dariusz Tworzydło
Tytuł	Verifying an image objectives matrix for measuring the effects of public relations activities in business
Title	Verifying an image objectives matrix for measuring the effects of public relations activities in business
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	public relations, measurement of effects of public relations activities, internal and external communication, quantitative research, scale reliability analysis, image gap, image objectives matrix
Abstrakt
Abstract	This article presents the results of comprehensive research on image in the internal and external environments of an organization. During the research, the method of measuring the effect of public relations activities, i.e. the image objectives matrix, was alsoverified. The above tool is used to determine the image position of an economic entity, and to identify possible problems the entity must address in the range of its internal and external communications. The main conclusion is: The research project, completed in three phases(external, internal, image assessment), enabled us to optimize the dedicated tools for subsequent image studies, making it easy to see the changes closely, taking into account their direction. ZETO’s management board has received extensive material that, if appropriately used, will have a direct impact on showing the direction in which the company should be headed in the coming years. The opinions of institutional clients and employees will help to determine the strategy for future activities.
Cytowanie	Szuba P., Tworzydło D.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2017_n2_s121.pdf

Autor	Jolanta Żukowska
Tytuł	Integral human development
Title	Integral human development
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	ecology, international organizations, integral development
Abstrakt
Abstract	The concepts of sustainable development and corporate social responsibility are intended to humanize activity. However, are the existing concepts sufficient for them to fully realize their place in the world and its ecosystems, and to fulfill these roles? Is it necessary to seek a new concept of human organizational development, one which would strengthen the roles of creator, innovator and coordinator with total respect for the laws of nature? The author points to the contemporary threats and the need to search for new ideas and a more sensitive interaction with the environment, organizations, society and nature. This is necessary not only in meeting the goals of sustainable development, but also for development that is renewable, energy-efficient, closed loop, coordinated with nature and respecting its laws – and even using them. International organizations should not only prevent violence and preserve human rights, but also support the integrated development of individuals, communities and societies. They would thus help prevent stratification while increasing awareness and stimulating creativity. Integral development covers everything and everyone, is complete and respects the constant changes occurring in dynamic space. The concept of integral development seems now closer to modern humanity. Integrity means the interplay and interaction between all the elements of a set (organizations, communities, businesses, workers, the environment, nature) and the common good. This is not merely an idea but an actual necessity. Integral development is human development, and its organization is compatible with nature. This means being aware of coexistence and need to improve. In the absence of one or the other of these, it would not be possible to speak of integral development.
Cytowanie	Żukowska J.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2017_n2_s137.pdf

Autor	Łukasz Augustowski, Piotr Kułyk
Tytuł	Globalna konwergencja czy globalna dywergencja mechanizmów wsparcia rolnictwa?
Title	GLOBAL CONVERGENCE OR GLOBAL DIVERGENCE OF AGRICULTURAL SUPPORT MECHANISMS?
Słowa kluczowe	konwergencja, dywergencja, wsparcie rolnictwa, wskaźnik PSE
Key words	convergence, divergence, support for agriculture, PSE indicator
Abstrakt	W artykule przedstawiono problematykę zmian w finansowym wsparciu rolnic­twa, szacowanym za pośrednictwem wskaźnika PSE, i kwestii ich ewentualnej konwergencji. Analiza przeprowadzona została przy zastosowaniu sigma oraz beta konwergencji absolutnej dla lat 1986-2015. W grupie analizowanych regionów znalazły się Australia, Kanada, Japonia, Korea Południowa, Nowa Zelandia, Turcja, USA i Unia Europejska. Celem artykułu jest po­twierdzenie lub zanegowanie występowania konwergencji wsparcia rolnictwa w skali globalnej. Przeprowadzone badania nie potwierdziły hipotezy o występowaniu konwergencji wsparcia rolnictwa. Wnioski te są zbieżne ze wcześniej przeprowadzanymi badaniami dla krajów OECD
Abstract	This paper presents the problems of changes in financial support for agriculture estimated through the PSE indicator and their possible convergence. The analysis was carried out using sigma and beta convergence absolute between 1986 and 2015. Australia, Canada, Japan, South Korea, New Zealand, Turkey, the USA and the European Union included the regions analyzed. The aim of the article was to confirm or deny the existence of convergence of support for agriculture on a global scale. The study did not confirm the hypothesis of the co­nvergence of agricultural support. These conclusions coincide with previous investigations for OECD countries
Cytowanie	Augustowski Ł., Kułyk P. (2017) Globalna konwergencja czy globalna dywergencja mechanizmów wsparcia rolnictwa?.Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich, t. 104, z. 3: 44-53
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2017_n3_s44.pdf

Autor	Aneta Mikuła, Stanisław Stańko
Tytuł	Tendencje na rynku mięsa wieprzowego na świecie i w Polsce w latach 2000-2016
Title	TENDENCIES IN THE WORLD PORK MARKET AND IN POLAND IN THE YEARS 2000-2016
Słowa kluczowe	produkcja wieprzowiny, eksport, import, konsumpcja, ceny
Key words	pork meat production, exports, imports, consumption, price
Abstrakt	Opracowanie przedstawia zmiany na rynku wieprzowiny na świecie i w Polsce w latach 2000-2016. Analizowano zmiany u największych jej producentów i konsumentów, a także eksporterów i importerów. Do głównych światowych producentów wieprzowiny należą: Chiny, kraje UE, USA, Brazylia, Rosja i Wietnam, które w 2016 r. skupiały 88,2% światowej produkcji. U głównych światowych producentów wieprzowiny (z wyjątkiem Chin) wzrost konsumpcji był wolniejszy niż produkcji, co spowodowało zwiększenie ich możliwości eks­portowych. W latach 2000-2016 tempo wzrostu handlu międzynarodowego było szybsze niż produkcji, co skutkowało wzrostem udziału eksportu w zagospodarowaniu produkcji. Źródła światowego eksportu wieprzowiny charakteryzowały się znaczną i rosnącą koncentracją. W 2016 r. z krajów UE pochodziło 37,6% eksportu, z USA 28,5%, z Kanady 15,9% i z Brazylii 10%. (92% ogółu eksportu). Światowy import wieprzowiny charakteryzował się znacznie więk­szym rozproszeniem niż eksport. Ceny wieprzowiny wykazały tendencję wzrostową. W kraju występowała tendencja spadkowa w produkcji, a wzrostowa w konsumpcji, co spowodowało, że od 2008 r. Polska jest importerem netto wieprzowiny
Abstract	The study presents changes in the world pork market and in Poland in the years 2000-2016. Changes in the main producers and consumers, as well as exporters and importers were presented. The major global producers of pork are China, the EU, USA, Brazil, Russia and Vietnam, which in 2016 produced 88.2% of total world production. In the world’s major pork producers (except China), consumption growth was slower than production growth, which increased their export capacity. In the years 2000-2016, the growth rate of international trade was higher than production, what led to an increase in the share of exports in production. Global pork exports is characterized by a large and growing concentration rate. In 2016, 37.6% of exports came from the EU, 28.5% from the USA, 15.9% from Canada and 10% from Brazil (total 92% of exports). World pork imports were characterized by a much greater dispersion than exports. Pork prices have shown an upward trend. In Poland there was a downward trend in pork production and growth in consumption, which caused that since 2008 Poland is a net importer of pork. Poland will remain a net importer of pork in the medium term.
Cytowanie	Mikuła A., Stańko S. (2017) Tendencje na rynku mięsa wieprzowego na świecie i w Polsce w latach 2000-2016.Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich, t. 104, z. 3: 54-65
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2017_n3_s54.pdf

Autor	Anetta Zielińska
Tytuł	Analiza porównawcza poziomu i struktury wydatków na działalność prewencyjną w zakresie bezpieczeństwa i higieny pracy ponoszonych przez przedsiębiorstwa przemysłu spożywczego w województwie łódzkim
Title	The comparative analysis of the level and structure of expenditures on occupational safety and health in the food industry companies in the Łodz region
Słowa kluczowe	sektor, przemysł spożywczy, wydatki, wypadki przy pracy, prewencja
Key words	sector, food industry, expenses, work accidents, prevention
Abstrakt	Artykuł przedstawia poziom i strukturę wydatków ponoszonych przez przedsiębiorstwa na profilaktykę związaną z BHP. Badaniem zostały objęte duże przedsiębiorstwa przemysłu spożywczego na terenie województwa łódzkiego. Jak wynika z przeprowadzonych badań, w latach 2008–2012 liczba wypadków przy pracy wzrosła o 29%, podczas gdy koszty profilaktyki BHP zwiększyły się zaledwie o 2,5%. Należy ocenić to negatywnie, gdyż działalność w zakresie bezpieczeństwa i higieny pracy nie powinna sprowadzać się do zapewniania pracownikom wyłącznie podstawowych środków pozwalających na wykonywanie powierzonych im czynności. Wydatki na BHP były zbyt niskie i nie przyniosły oczekiwanych efektów. Ponadto, ich zwiększenia się nie miało charakteru wyprzedzającego względem zmian skali wypadków przy pracy.
Abstract	The article describes the level and structure of company’s expenditures attributed to the prevention of the occupational safety and health risks. The survey was conducted on food companies in the Lodz region. The research reveals that over the period of 2008–2012 the number of work accidents increased by about 29% while the prevention-related spending increased by merely 2.5%. This situation must be negatively assessed because the company’s activity in the area of occupational safety and health at a workplace should not be reduced to providing workers with basic resources enabling them to conduct the entrusted activities. The expenditures on prevention programs were too low and ineffective. Moreover, the increase of the occupational safety and health spending did not have any impact on the changes in the number of accidents at a workplace.
Cytowanie	Zielińska A. (2017) Analiza porównawcza poziomu i struktury wydatków na działalność prewencyjną w zakresie bezpieczeństwa i higieny pracy ponoszonych przez przedsiębiorstwa przemysłu spożywczego w województwie łódzkim.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 117: 151-163
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2017_n117_s151.pdf