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Autor	Grażyna Karmowska, Anita Małecka
Tytuł	Ocena kondycji finansowej przedsiębiorstwa PGE
Title	Evaluation of PGE company’s financial condition
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Abstract	Economical estimation rating should aid administrating, current and strategic. At present time, more and more important are methods to detect and evaluate threats for companies continue activity. For addition to traditional factor analysis there are discrimination functions to value bankruptcy threats. PGE company was used for research purposes (company activity: electric and heat energy generating, distribution and dealing). The aim was to estimate financial condition with the use of selected methods of economical analysis). Four models were selected: A. Hołda, E. Mączyńska, J. Gajdka and D. Stos, and the Poznań-based. On their basis it is possible to certify that the company did not belong to the bankruptcy endangered entities. Despite the fact that, specific factors (quick ratio, current ratio, return on equity, return on assets, return on sales, capital multiplier, total asset turnover) indicated that the company’s financial condition should be monitored due to a descending tendencies.
Cytowanie	Karmowska G., Małecka A. (2009) Ocena kondycji finansowej przedsiębiorstwa PGE.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 76: 109-120
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Autor	Jadwiga Drożdż, Iwona Szczepaniak
Tytuł	Ocena sytuacji ekonomiczno-finansowej przemysłu spożywczego w pięć lat po integracji Polski z Unią Europejską
Title	The assessment of the economic-fi nancial situation of food industry during fi ve years after integration of Poland into the European Union
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Abstract	After Poland accession to the European Union the value of sold production in food industry has increased dynamically. After five years of functioning in the EU structure the value of sold production increased over half. The production revival in this branch industry was the direct reason of the improvement in economical and financial results of food producers. Their indexes grew 150% and had remained on this level by several years. This was a general phenomenon, taking a stand in majority food sectors. Not earlier than last year, the slight decline in the financial and economical results in the food industry has been observed, but still they have been better than before the integration into the EU. The increase of sale and profit generated by the food industry was a result of influence, equal extensive and intensive, of the qualified factors. The biggest effect on the increase of the turnover had the grown of wealth involved in the food branch, and a high grow of sale profitability enabled increase the amount of financial result of food producers.
Cytowanie	Drożdż J., Szczepaniak I. (2009) Ocena sytuacji ekonomiczno-finansowej przemysłu spożywczego w pięć lat po integracji Polski z Unią Europejską.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 76: 135-146
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n76_s135.pdf

Autor	Marcin Ratajczak
Tytuł	Sytuacja finansowa małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw w Polsce w latach 2002–2007
Title	Financial situation of small and medium enterprises in Poland in 2002–2007
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Abstract	The purpose of the presented article is a presentation of analysis results concerning largeness of income in small and medium enterprises, with particular taking into consideration the yield of gross and net return in analyzed economic subjects. In the first part of article showed a meaning of enterprise and coherent in relation to economic development. Furthermore, the second part was devoted to the financial status of small and medium enterprises functioning on Polish market. The researched conducted in elaboration based on data from Polish Agency for Enterprise Development and include 2002–2007.
Cytowanie	Ratajczak M. (2009) Sytuacja finansowa małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw w Polsce w latach 2002–2007.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 76: 147-155
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Autor	Sławomir Juszczyk, Maria Tymińska
Tytuł	Sterowanie zapasami materiałowymi firmy – aspekty ekonomiczne i organizacyjne
Title	Controlling of the material entities’ reserves – economical and organizational aspects
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Abstract	The paper presents issues connected with the optimal streams of input delivery in situation which should be rational, cyclical and regular. They have to be synchronized with the production needs. It is also analyzed the level of store costs and the costs of stoppage in production processes in result of reserves running low. The presented considerations have a modeling character in optimal controlling and it conducted to achieve the basic parameters linked with the size of guaranteed reserves and frequency of material delivery. The criterion in optimized process is function of minimizing total costs i.e.: a) storing and b) stoppages in production which are caused by running low of reserves.
Cytowanie	Juszczyk S., Tymińska M. (2009) Sterowanie zapasami materiałowymi firmy – aspekty ekonomiczne i organizacyjne.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 76: 165-174
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Autor	Magdalena Mądra
Tytuł	Obciążenie podatkiem rolnym indywidualnych gospodarstw rolnych
Title	The level of agricultural tax burden in individual farms
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Abstract	The elaborations presents the level of agriculture tax in farms which conduced, during the researched period, agriculture accountancy according to FADN system. The article deals also with the relationship between generate sales revenues (total output) and family farm income. The presented research was surveyed in 2004–2007 in Mazowsze and Podlasie region. Farms have been characterized by criterion of cropland area, agriculture type and Economic Size Unit. The highest agriculture tax burden noticed in farms which characterized with the lowest economic power. The level of paid agriculture tax in relation to sale revenues was low and the highest tax burden noticed in group 10–30 ha of cropland area. The visible influence of this tax was perceptible in farms which managed a crop production.
Cytowanie	Mądra M. (2009) Obciążenie podatkiem rolnym indywidualnych gospodarstw rolnych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 76: 175-186
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n76_s175.pdf

Autor	Jacek Grzywacz
Tytuł	Ryzyko kredytowania małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw w Polsce
Title	The credit risk in fi nancing small and medium enterprises in Poland
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Abstract	The SME sector is a main stimulus of the economic development in Poland. The valid problems in this sector concern both aspects as leading the current business activity as well as a trouble keeping of the financial liquidity. Therefore the access to credit is conditioning the real opportunities of functioning on the market and its development today. However the cost of a bank loan in Poland effectively is still suppressing the investment enthusiasm of entrepreneurs. This cost, from bank point of view, is an outcome of the rigorous evaluation of the credit risk in activity of the small and medium enterprise sector.
Cytowanie	Grzywacz J. (2009) Ryzyko kredytowania małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 77: 5-17
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Autor	Tomasz Siudek
Tytuł	Wzrost gospodarczy a efektywność działania wybranych banków spółdzielczych w Polsce – aspekty teoretyczne i praktyczne
Title	Economic growth and the effectiveness of the selected co-operative banks in Poland – theoretical and practical aspects
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Abstract	In this article examined the relationship between economic growth and efficiency of cooperative banks in Poland in the years 1998–2006. At the beginning presented theoretical basis of economic growth and bank efficiency, and then referred the power of relationship between them. From the data obtained shows that the relationship between the tested variables was very weak and statistically insignificant.
Cytowanie	Siudek T. (2009) Wzrost gospodarczy a efektywność działania wybranych banków spółdzielczych w Polsce – aspekty teoretyczne i praktyczne.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 77: 53-68
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Autor	Grażyna Ancyparowicz
Tytuł	Bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne w Polsce po akcesji do Unii Europejskiej
Title	The direct foreign investment in Poland after accession into EU
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Abstract	The accession of Poland to EU coincided with the growth phase of Polish economic cycle. However economies of western European countries had come into the phase of economic slowdown and western investors had been looking for the new areas of economic expansion, also among the new EU member countries. But the inflow of money into Poland in the form of Greenfi eld investments was lower than the amount of reinvesting profits and credits of companies, which gained foreign strategic investor before the accession. There have been used new efficient technologies – imported from Western Countries, which improved the competitiveness and modernity of goods produced in Poland. This process has been continued after the accession. The function of foreign capital in stimulation of Polish economy should not be assessed unambiguously, because the correlation ratio between the PKB growth and the inflow of Foreign Direct Investments is low. After accession the growth ratio was high as a result of activity of investors tightly connected with Polish market, which reinvested their profits for modernisation and extension of production. Synthetic indicator of the growth of wealth of Polish society was the increase of nominal GDP per capita – two and a half times – between 2000 and 2007. Although according to the purchasing power parity the GDP per capita has grown this time only about 50% (from 10,6 thou USD to 15,9 thou USD).
Cytowanie	Ancyparowicz G. (2009) Bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne w Polsce po akcesji do Unii Europejskiej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 77: 89-103
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Autor	Adam Samborski
Tytuł	Finansowanie inwestycji rzeczowych w warunkach destabilizacji sektora finansowego: doświadczenia japońskich przedsiębiorstw
Title	The real investments fund in unsure conditions of finance sector: based on Japanese companies experience
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Abstract	The article analyses Japanese economic conditions and their consequences for financing real investment in the sector of non-financial corporations in the nineties of the 20th century. In order to identify sources of financing real investment, national accounts was used. Data to be taken into consideration while assessing real investment made by Japanese companies was obtained from two accounts: a capital and financial accounts. It is found out that the nineties witnessed considerable changes in financing real investment in the sector of Japanese nonfinancial corporations, which stems from two overlapping mechanisms: companies’ preference to finance real investment by means of internal funds and lower willingness of financial institutions to lend money.
Cytowanie	Samborski A. (2009) Finansowanie inwestycji rzeczowych w warunkach destabilizacji sektora finansowego: doświadczenia japońskich przedsiębiorstw.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 77: 115-126
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Autor	Andrzej Sobczyk
Tytuł	Finansowanie rozwoju gminy z dochodów własnych
Title	Financing development of the commune based on individual incomes
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Abstract	The revenues from taxes are a main budget’s source of the commune individual income. Increase of the commune share in paid tax from natural and legal person benefits in financing the development. In that article discussed the possibility of the economical information usage which refers to economical potential of the local society in the scale of commune development together with an attempt to evaluate the future tax incomes from natural and legal person, and with demographic prediction.
Cytowanie	Sobczyk A. (2009) Finansowanie rozwoju gminy z dochodów własnych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 77: 137-149
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Autor	Kinga Gruziel
Tytuł	Istota i założenia optymalizacji podatkowej – wybrane aspekty
Title	The matter and conception of taxation optimization– select aspects
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Abstract	The elaboration presents a literature review concerning a placement of optimization theory in a group of fiscal policy instruments. The research includes literature study from economic scope. In synthetic way discussed the main phase in creating new trends connected with optimization of taxation and its rational principles. The research purposes introduced the analysis of selected tax optimization instruments, which countenance decreasing of tax burden or even avoiding, in fundamental and complex aspect. In accordance with the principles of optimization theory, taxation is a superior aim of fiscal policy – maximization of social prosperity, which is possible to attain through selection of optimal variant of taxation. The principles of optimization taxation theory is useful for state budgets and for individual business entity
Cytowanie	Gruziel K. (2009) Istota i założenia optymalizacji podatkowej – wybrane aspekty.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 77: 175-186
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Autor	Mamadou Wague
Tytuł	Międzynarodowe kryzysy gospodarcze i ich konsekwencje
Title	International economic crises and their consequences
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Abstract	To rapid economic deterioration in the world economy affected the majority of developing countries by the crisis. It is felt globally by inhibiting investment, limiting access to credit, bankruptcy publishing companies, the increase in unemployment, the destruction of part of the banking sector, the slowdown of international exchange, reducing revenue to the budgets of rich countries, which may lead to a slowdown in the pace of development assistance to developing countries. The concept of economic crisis, it also serves to draw attention to the following fact: the economy depends to a large extent on the possibility of predicting phenomena, which depends to a large extent on the beliefs of people about the state of the economy, and their future. In contrast, the prospect of troubled times or negative expectations may lead to an economic crisis or the speed of its results. According to the researchers the crisis may be different from the previous financial crises for a number of reasons, namely: in the current global economy and lower inflation is better controlled and is an important factor in easing the crisis
Cytowanie	Wague M. (2009) Międzynarodowe kryzysy gospodarcze i ich konsekwencje.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 78: 81-94
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Autor	Rafał Balina, Sławomir Juszczyk
Tytuł	Prognozowanie upadłości przedsiębiorstw spedycyjnych jako bankowe narzędzie decyzyjne
Title	Prediction of insolvency the shipping enterprises as a banking decision tool
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Abstract	In the paper were verified usability present bankruptcy predictor models for banking prediction shipping enterprises insolvency in present economical conditions. Authors proves that present enterprises insolvency prediction models have decreased their forecast propriety. Therefore authors built discriminate analysis model for shipping enterprises which are acting in Polish present economy conditions. This model properly characterized the research group of enterprises. This model also could be useful tool for a bank in a credit procedures for shipping enterprises.
Cytowanie	Balina R., Juszczyk S. (2009) Prognozowanie upadłości przedsiębiorstw spedycyjnych jako bankowe narzędzie decyzyjne.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 78: 161-174
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n78_s161.pdf

Autor	Magdalena Mądra
Tytuł	Opodatkowanie indywidualnych gospodarstw rolnych a ich siła ekonomiczna
Title	The meaning of agriculture taxation in relation to economic size unit of individual farms holdings
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Abstract	The elaboration deals with estimation of agriculture tax burden in relation to fundamental financial-economic categories in farms. The research was conduced according to Economic Size Unit criterion in farms which participated in FADN accountancy data system. The period of farm investigation covers the years 2004–2007. On the basis of conducted researches has been ascertained that relation between agriculture tax and production output recorded decreasing tendency. It means that the tax system noticed smaller importance which was reflected by the low level of agriculture tax burden index in relation to agriculture income. The group of farms which noticed low level of ESU recorded higher level of agriculture tax burden.
Cytowanie	Mądra M. (2009) Opodatkowanie indywidualnych gospodarstw rolnych a ich siła ekonomiczna.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 78: 187-196
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Autor	Ewa Mossakowska, Aldona Zawojska
Tytuł	Rozwój gospodarczy a kapitał ludzki na terenach wiejskich w Polsce
Title	Economic development and rural human capital in Poland
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Abstract	The main aim of this paper was to assess the level of human capital in rural areas of Poland and to make its cross-regional comparison. There was proposed the human resource development index or human capital index having six essential elements (education, enterpreunarship, economic activity, employment, health, and migration). In 2007, the opolskie, slaskie and malopolskie provinces were characterised by the highest levels of the human capital in rural areas.The paper provides also the investigation of the link between rural human capital and economic development in Polish regions concluding that in the slaskie, mazowieckie and wielkopolskie provinces high level of rural human capital was accompanied by high level of regional economic development as measured by GDP per capita. The results of human capital study at the individual level (questionnaire study in the sample of 120 farm owners from Mazovia and Podlasie regions, 2009) show that the education is the main determinant of farmer’s human capital improvement.
Cytowanie	Mossakowska E., Zawojska A. (2009) Rozwój gospodarczy a kapitał ludzki na terenach wiejskich w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 79: 5-21
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Autor	Ewa Drabik
Tytuł	Kilka uwag o formalnych zasadach matematycznego modelowania zjawisk ekonomicznych i interakcji społecznych
Title	Several comments on formal rules of mathematical modeling economic phenomena and social interactions
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Abstract	Mathematics as an abstract science was derived from studies and analyses of the material word. However, “pure” mathematics very often creates its imaginary objects which develop independently, lead their own “imaginary” lines and very seldom have their equivalent in the surrounding reality. Nevertheless a completely new aspect of mathematics is highlighted when it is used for describing real phenomena, since – due to its highly formalized language – it enables practitioners, including economists, to specify relations and operations between objects under study. In order to achieve this goal the appropriate models have been created. Theconstruction of new models in economic science (and in many other domains) aims simplifying and formalizing many problems which, in fact, may increase the probability of finding relevant solutions. Furthermore, from the economic point of view, due to the high precision with highlighted above models work, essential conclusions are to be drawn, which subsequently may prove relevant for the progress of science. The aim of this paper is to present how modeling economic phenomena and social interactions have been developed within many years by using formalized language of mathematics economic phenomena and social interactions which have been developed within many years by using formalized language of mathematics.
Cytowanie	Drabik E. (2009) Kilka uwag o formalnych zasadach matematycznego modelowania zjawisk ekonomicznych i interakcji społecznych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 79: 23-37
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Autor	Jan Hybel
Tytuł	Wpływ bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych na rynek pracy w Polsce w latach 2000–2007
Title	The influence of foreign direct investments on the labour market in Poland in the years 2000–2007
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Abstract	The develop of foreign direct investments (FDI) in Poland in 2000–2007 and their influence on creating the places of the work and enlargement productivity of labour are presented in this article. In the first part of the paper was presented analyze of dynamics level and structure FDI and their spacing location. Moreover, size and structure employment and productivity labour with part of foreign capital was presented. The main conclusion from this analyze is positive influence FDI on increase employment and level of efficiency and high regional diversification. The most number of work places was created in heavy economics (strong economically regions), mainly in voivodships: mazowieckie, wielkopolskie i dolnośląskie.
Cytowanie	Hybel J. (2009) Wpływ bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych na rynek pracy w Polsce w latach 2000–2007.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 79: 75-83
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Autor	Aneta Stańko
Tytuł	Przedsiębiorczość jako czynnik rozwoju obszarów wiejskich
Title	Entrepreneurship as a factor of development of rural areas
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Abstract	The problem of balanced development is closely connected to the process of multi-functional development of rural areas. Lowering role of agricultural activity as source of maintenance rural population requires implementing of non-agricultural economic activities into rural areas. The goal of the paper was to identify most important factors that have influence on the development of entrepreneurship what leads to improvement of life status in rural areas. Social and economic transformation of Polish rural areas is still in progress. Low level of technical and social infrastructure, the characteristic feature of Polis countryside does not attract investors. Therefore the entrepreneurship level can develop proper only if supported by local and state authorities.
Cytowanie	Stańko A. (2009) Przedsiębiorczość jako czynnik rozwoju obszarów wiejskich.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 79: 99-109
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Autor	Valda Bratka, Arturs Praulinš
Tytuł	Diversity of Farm Indebtedness in Latvia and Poland: a Comparative Study
Title	Diversity of Farm Indebtedness in Latvia and Poland: a Comparative Study
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Key words	debt, liabilities, Latvian farms, Polish farms, comparative analysis
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Abstract	The use of borrowed capital in Latvian agricultural holdings of different economic size and type of farming is analyzed, as well as a comparative analysis with Polish agricultural holdings is performed, defining essential specificities of financing activities with equity or loan in each state. The liabilities burden in Latvian field crop and dairy farms is calculated and discussed in detail. For the assessment ratio of the statistical significance of differences between Latvian and Polish agricultural holdings the debt-to-equity and total liabilities per ESU, per 1 ha UAA and 1 LU, a statistical testing is carried out and main conclusions about an impact of the type of farming, the economic size and the chronological factor are formulated.
Cytowanie	Bratka V., Praulinš A. (2009) .Scientific Journal Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW - Problems of World Agriculture, t. 6(21), z. : 10-25
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Autor	Jan Górecki, Ewa Halicka
Tytuł	Human and social capital in agricultural and rural development (Polish experiences)
Title	Human and social capital in agricultural and rural development (Polish experiences)
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Key words	human and social capital, development of agriculture and rural areas, health
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Abstract	Authors define and explain the meaning of two concepts, namely human and social capital and their influence on the socio-economic progress in agriculture and rural areas. The presented studies and analyses point to the link between the growing role of these two factors and the general socio-economic progress. A major part of the paper is devoted to analysing the past and current state of human and social capital in Poland, focusing on their deficiencies and the need to improve their quality. In conclusion the authors note that the significant inflow of financial means after the the Polisj accession to the EU as well as structural and administrative changes will not bring in full the possible benefits in the future unless there is an improvement in quality and an increase of creative participation of the human and social capital. The health aspect is also explored in the paper as a crucial element influencing human capital in the Polish rural areas.
Cytowanie	Górecki J., Halicka E. (2009) .Scientific Journal Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW - Problems of World Agriculture, t. 6(21), z. : 33-40
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2009_T6(21)_n_s33.pdf