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Autor	Stanisław Mańko, Roman Sass, Tadeusz Sobczyński
Tytuł	Zmiany poziomu zrównoważenia płynności finansowej w gospodarstwach rolniczych UE w latach 1989–2005
Title	CHANGES IN BALANCING OF FINANCIAL LIQUIDITY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION’S AGRICULTURAL FARMS IN THE YEARS 1989–2005
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Abstract	The paper aims to analyze the changes in balancing of financial liquidity that took place in the European Union’s agricultural farms in the years 1989–2005. The comparative analysis was executed for chosen types of farms, namely: field crops (TF13), diary farms (TF41) and granivores livestock (TF50) based on current ratio. There were analyzed data collected by the EU Farm Accountancy Data Network. The results show that in analyzed period the average value of current ratio for chosen types of farms was at the level 2.5–4.5 comparing to 3.75–4.75 for all farms. Comparing only the chosen types of farms in 2005 the average values of their current ratio was very similar: 3.72–3.99, which is higher than recommended optimal value 1.5–2.0. However the current ratio values differs signify cantly among countries and were changing with no correlation. This did not allow to determine a trend for different types of farms in whole European Union. Regardless the type of farming low values of current ratio are observed in Denmark and Great Britain, the average values in Germany and France and the high values in Belgium, Italy, Portugal and Finland. The differences in current ratio between EU countries seams to be more significant than the differences between analyzed types of farming
Cytowanie	Mańko S., Sass R., Sobczyński T. (2008) Zmiany poziomu zrównoważenia płynności finansowej w gospodarstwach rolniczych UE w latach 1989–2005.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 64: 5-22
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2008_n64_s5.pdf

Autor	Magdalena Mądra, Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Efektywność gospodarstw indywidualnych w zależności od zadłużenia i siły ekonomicznej
Title	THE EFFICIENCY OF INDIVIDUAL AGRICULTURAL FARMS IN RELATION TO DEBT LEVEL AND EUROPEAN SIZE UNIT
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Abstract	The elaboration introduced dependences between the debt level and European Size Unit (ESU) with relation to efficiency of individual agricultural farms. Farms which have been using the greatest degree of the external financing resources were characterized with the highest profitability of the equity capital. The interests charge from credits of the agriculture income from the family-holding was the highest in the economically weakest farms with the biggest debt level. The income indicators of the cropland area and the economic work productivity increased together with higher ESU. The farms with the biggest debt level noticed the highest current financial liquidity, however this index was similar to recommended size. In farms without liabilities appeared the highest participation of the working capital in relation to assets. However this participation was the lowest in most economically strong agriculture farms. Managers of these farms streamlined the level of a current financial liquidity and amount of the working capital, that enabled to obtain the highest efficiency of the productive factors usage
Cytowanie	Mądra M., Wasilewski M. (2008) Efektywność gospodarstw indywidualnych w zależności od zadłużenia i siły ekonomicznej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 64: 87-99
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Autor	Marta Domagalska-Grędys
Tytuł	Ocena produktycyjno-ekonomiczna indywidualnych gospodarstw rolnych regionu 800 – Małopolska i Pogórze
Title	ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCTION AND ECONOMIC RESULTS OF FARMS LOCATED IN MALOPOLSKA AND POGORZE REGION
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Abstract	The data collected under Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) enable to analyze agricultural farms from different perspectives including production and economics. The paper presents the production and economic results of farms located in region of Małopolska and Pogórze, identifi ed in FADN as region 800. It argues that there occurs among others regional disproportions of agricultural activity both in Poland and in Małopolska and Pogórze region. Farmers from this region have to carefully plan agricultural activities, as their economic results might differ from those aggregated for Poland
Cytowanie	Domagalska-Grędys M. (2008) Ocena produktycyjno-ekonomiczna indywidualnych gospodarstw rolnych regionu 800 – Małopolska i Pogórze.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 64: 189-199
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Autor	Marzena Chmielewska, Magdalena Mądra
Tytuł	Wskaźniki kosztowe w indywidualnych gospodarstwach rolniczych
Title	COST INDICATORS IN INDIVIDUAL AGRICULTURAL FARMS
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Abstract	The paper presents the cost-analysis carried out in agricultural farms in relation to cropland area and the level of debts. The analysis were conducted for 2005. The researches were executed for individual agricultural farms in Mazowsze and Podlasie regions. The highest participation of production costs in revenues was noticed in farms with the smallest cropland area and the lowest level of debts. This results in higher cost absorption of the agriculture production, as well as the lack of modern machines which could contribute to decrease of production costs. In the smallest farms, which have had high level of debts, the production cost in relation to work counted per hour was the highest, which is due to work engagement of whole farmer’s family. The participation of farming costs in amount of all costs was decreasing together with the height cropland area. The highest participation of depreciation in production costs was observed in the group of the smallest farms, which owns very depreciated fixed assets
Cytowanie	Chmielewska M., Mądra M. (2008) Wskaźniki kosztowe w indywidualnych gospodarstwach rolniczych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 64: 201-213
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Autor	Piotr Bórawski
Tytuł	Ocena składników bilansu majątkowego przedsiębiorstw na przykładzie województwa warmińsko-mazurskiego
Title	EVALUATION OF BALANCE SHEET’S COMPONENTS OF ENTERPRISES ON THE EXAMPLE OF WARMIA AND MAZURY VIOVODSHIP
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Abstract	The paper aims to present structure of balance sheets and financial ratios for of selected group of small and medium sized enterprises from Warmia and Mazury Viovodship. A particular attention was paid to changes which took part in balance sheets’ components in 2004–2006. The survey has proved the increase of both fixed and current assets. The fixed assets were represented by buildings (64%), technical equipment (22.1%) and land (8.2%)
Cytowanie	Bórawski P. (2008) Ocena składników bilansu majątkowego przedsiębiorstw na przykładzie województwa warmińsko-mazurskiego.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 64: 215-225
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Autor	Tomasz Siudek
Tytuł	Efektywność w teorii i praktyce na przykładzie wybranych banków spółdzielczych w Polsce
Title	EFECTIVENESS IN THEORY AND PRACTICE ON THE EXAMPLE OF SELECTED COOPERATIVE BANKS IN POLAND
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Abstract	The paper aims to present the efficiency of cooperative banks from the perspective of theory and practice in Poland. The theoretical part reviews the most important definitions of efficiency, its indicators and assessment methods. Empirical study results suggest that the financial efficiency of the cooperative banks in Poland, as measured by ROA and ROE, is statistically significantly impacted by study year and spatial location of bank activity (community and voivodship). Moreover, applying the backward stepwise regression as a method of exploratory analysis, exogenous and endogenous determinants of the cooperative banks efficiency were identified
Cytowanie	Siudek T. (2008) Efektywność w teorii i praktyce na przykładzie wybranych banków spółdzielczych w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 65: 5-18
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2008_n65_s5.pdf

Autor	Magdalena Mądra, Emilia Stola
Tytuł	Struktura oraz poziom kredytów gospodarstw rolniczych w zależności od zadłużenia i siły ekonomicznej
Title	THE STRUCTURE AND LEVEL OF CREDITS IN AGRICULTURE FARMS IN RELATION TO HOLD DEBT AND EUROPEAN SIZE UNIT
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Abstract	The paper presents analysis on credits and loans used in financings the activity of agricultural farms. The empirical research is based on data collected under Farm Accountancy Data Network for the 2005. The aim of the paper is to determine the dependences among the level of debts and the European Unit Size of the agricultural farms depending on committed credits and loans. The results show the relation to the repayment security of the liabilities in farms and the sums of credits and loans counted per one hectare of cropland area. Farms with the highest level of debts were characterized with the diversification of the committed financing resources together with enlarged participation of the outside capital. The economically weaker farms (with a lower ESU) possessed higher participation of the short-term liabilities in the capital structure. It is connected with a reasonable financing strategy. Farms with the highest debts level were diversifying loan capital structure by maintaining higher participation of long-term financing resources, which is rational behaviour
Cytowanie	Mądra M., Stola E. (2008) Struktura oraz poziom kredytów gospodarstw rolniczych w zależności od zadłużenia i siły ekonomicznej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 65: 71-84
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Autor	Krystyna Brzozowska
Tytuł	Fundusze zalążkowe w rozwoju przedsiębiorczości w Polsce
Title	SEED FOUNDS AND THEIR ROLE IN DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN POLAND
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Abstract	The paper aims to analyze the role of seed founds in development of entrepreneurship in Poland. The key problem of small and medium enterprises, especially those with high level of innovation is lack of appropriate capital to finalize the conceptual works and to start business operations. Although there are available different sources of capital., i.e. business incubators, technological parks, special aid programs, those are not sufficient. In developed countries are well functioning formal and unofficial markets of venture capital that support business pioneer initiatives. In Poland this markets are in infancy. One of the forms of supporting innovative initiatives and solving problems of insufficient capital are Seed Founds. In Poland already operate 6 seed founds and next two are in implementation phase
Cytowanie	Brzozowska K. (2008) Fundusze zalążkowe w rozwoju przedsiębiorczości w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 65: 85-94
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Autor	Aldona Zawojska
Tytuł	Uwarunkowania i kanały finansowania rolnictwa w Polsce
Title	CONDITIONS AND CHANNELS OF AGRICULTURE FINANCING IN POLAND
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Abstract	The paper presents specific conditions for agriculture financing and main obstacles to the development of agricultural and rural financial services. One of those obstacles are sectoral correlated and covariant risks, so development of traditional and introduction of innovative instruments to protect farmers and financial institutions from some of those risks can stimulate the supply of rural and agricultural financing. It is also suggested that in order to overcome general under-supply of finance for agricultural activities and to rural households, microfinance institutions and both direct and indirect value chain finance should be supported
Cytowanie	Zawojska A. (2008) Uwarunkowania i kanały finansowania rolnictwa w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 65: 98-108
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Autor	Emil Rudowicz
Tytuł	Budżet zadaniowy – reorientacja z wydatkowania na zarządzanie finansami publicznymi
Title	TASK BUDGET – REORIENTATION FROM EXPENDITURES TO MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC FINANCES
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Abstract	The paper presents the methodology of drawing up a task budget and contains practical insights in the first stage of task budget implementation in Poland. After the process of changes that took place during last two decades in Poland, one can argue that the ordinary administration of the State is not efficient. What is more, taking into account single, highly competitive market of the EU, the administration is not sufficient enough to live up to dynamically changing economic challenges. Nowadays, the key element of the management of national economy are the knowledge and better quality of management. The task budget is a new quality of management. Its main aim is to improve the efficiency of implemented state tasks as well as the allocation of resources
Cytowanie	Rudowicz E. (2008) Budżet zadaniowy – reorientacja z wydatkowania na zarządzanie finansami publicznymi.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 65: 133-143
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Autor	Anna Świrska
Tytuł	Subwencje jako źródło dochodów gminy
Title	SUBVENTIONS AS A SOURCE OF COMMUNITY’S INCOMES
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Abstract	General subvention granted in Poland constitutes one of basic sources of incomes for local districts authorities – communities. In some cases it becomes the major income allotted for completion of local tasks. The general subvention in Poland consists of three elements, which are: compensation subvention, education subvention and balance subvention. These are regulated by the different regulations, i.e. Local District Authorities Income Act from 13th November 2003 and ordinances of the Minister of Finance. The major aim of the subvention is to supplement local own incomes, particularly when these incomes are not sufficient to carry out local authorities’ projects. However there appear some nuances which cast doubt on subvention’s effectiveness.
Cytowanie	Świrska A. (2008) Subwencje jako źródło dochodów gminy.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 65: 167-180
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Autor	Małgorzata Hybka
Tytuł	Władztwo podatkowe i jego wpływ na strukturę dochodów budżetowych gmin w Niemczech
Title	TAX GOVERNMENT AND ITS INFLUENCE OF THE STRUCTURE OF BUDGET INCOMES OF COMMUNITIES IN GERMANY
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Abstract	German communities belong to the administrative structure of the Länder and are subject to their supervision. However, the article 28 of The German Constitution guarantees the municipalities in this country local autonomy by granting them the right to manage all their affairs on their own responsibility. The right of self-government also includes responsibility for financial matters. The basic aim of this article is to present the scope of municipal tax autonomy and its influence on the structure of incomes collected by local-governments in Germany. The author emphasizes among other things the fact, that there exist considerable differences in the incomes sources between the former East and West Germany. The revenues of West German municipalities are composed mainly of taxes, fees and contributions, while the basic source of revenue for eastern communities are the federal and state grants
Cytowanie	Hybka M. (2008) Władztwo podatkowe i jego wpływ na strukturę dochodów budżetowych gmin w Niemczech.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 65: 231-241
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Autor	Tomasz Siudek
Tytuł	Wpływ kredytów rolniczych udzielanych przez banki spółdzielcze na rozwój rolnictwa w Polsce
Title	IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL LOANS PROVIDED BY COOPERATIVE BANKS ON AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN POLAND
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Abstract	In the paper, interrelationship between agriculture development and agricultural loans given by cooperative banks in Poland in relation to their total assets was studied. The research findings indicate positive impact of the loans to assets ratio on the level of agricultural development. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the ratio and agriculture development valued of 0.29 and was considered statistically significant
Cytowanie	Siudek T. (2008) Wpływ kredytów rolniczych udzielanych przez banki spółdzielcze na rozwój rolnictwa w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 66: 37-48
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Autor	Anna Wasilewska, Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Wyposażenie i efektywność wykorzystania rzeczowych aktywów trwałych w przedsiębiorstwach rolniczych
Title	EQUIPAGE AND EFFECTIVENESS OF MAKIN USE OF REAL CAPITAL ASSETS IN AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES
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Abstract	The paper presents estimated level of equipage and effectiveness of making use of real capital assets in agricultural enterprises with different legal forms of cropland management. The highest level of equipage of real capital assets, in relation to the cropland area and resources of the labour, has been noted in enterprises of direct owners, however the lowest amounted in enterprises of lessees. In owners enterprises the participation of the depreciation in operating-costs was the highest, whereat the difference in relation to Agricultural Property Agency (APA) companies and enterprises of lessees was not so significant. Only in APA enterprises, in the analyzed period, the reproduction of a used real capital assets was confirmed. The adverse tendency in this range have been noted in owners enterprises. The highest revenues amount and the profitability of the real capital assets appeared in enterprises of lessees. The lowest revenues of these resources turned up in owners enterprises, and the lowest profitability was ascertained in APA companies
Cytowanie	Wasilewska A., Wasilewski M. (2008) Wyposażenie i efektywność wykorzystania rzeczowych aktywów trwałych w przedsiębiorstwach rolniczych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 66: 49-62
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Autor	Alicja Antonowicz
Tytuł	Wykorzystanie franchisingu w finansowaniu działalności przedsiębiorstw w Polsce
Title	APPLYING FRANCHISING TO FINANCE ACTIVITIES OF COMPANIES IN POLAND
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Abstract	The paper aims to analyze the possibility of applying franchising to finance activities of companies in Poland. It argues that one of the alternatives to commonly used external capital sources, which are often expensive and hard to gain, is franchising. It is a form of cooperation between legally and organizationally independent companies, from which one is the franchisor and the other one is the franchisee. The main issue of a franchise agreement is gaining, in exchange of agreed amount of money, entitlement of the franchisee to use the name, the brand and the knowledge of running a business of the franchisor. Franchising is recognized as an attractive source of financing for the both sides of the agreement. For the franchisor it means no assets in market expansion, for the franchisee it is the way to limit the costs of running a business
Cytowanie	Antonowicz A. (2008) Wykorzystanie franchisingu w finansowaniu działalności przedsiębiorstw w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 66: 73-83
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Autor	Wojciech Zbaraszewski
Tytuł	Finansowanie ochrony środowiska przez przedsiębiorstwa w Polsce
Title	FINANCING ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION BY COMPANIES IN POLAND
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Abstract	The paper aims to evaluate the funds spent on environmental protection by various companies according to the compulsory commitments imposed by the European Union. The conducted analysis proved that Polish companies had taken over the dominant role from the State in financing expenditures on the environmental protection. Nevertheless, the state environmental policies scheduled for 2003–2006, and prolonged later for 2007–2010 have not been completed entirely yet. This is the reason why EU funds should be enlarged and in consequence contribute more to the growth of expenditures spent on environmental investments in private companies too
Cytowanie	Zbaraszewski W. (2008) Finansowanie ochrony środowiska przez przedsiębiorstwa w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 66: 125-135
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Autor	Michał Ambroziak
Tytuł	Międzynarodowy Standard Sprawozdawczości Finansowej dla MŚP a specyfika małej i średniej przedsiębiorczości w Polsce
Title	INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES VERSUS SPECIFIC CHARACTER OF SMES IN POLAND
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Abstract	The paper aims to present a comparative analysis of two different forms of financial reporting of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). There will be compared international and Polish standards. The analysis focuses on the subjective scope of those solutions. The paper is an attempt to answer the question: For which entities those solutions are designed? In the opinion of the author, the national and international solutions present different approaches to the issues discussed in the paper. This divergence is a consequence, first of all, of the different notion of SMEs. In other words, the Exposure Draft of the proposed International Financial Reporting Standard for Small and Medium-sized Entities, in the opinion of the author, is incompatible with the specificity of SMEs in Poland
Cytowanie	Ambroziak M. (2008) Międzynarodowy Standard Sprawozdawczości Finansowej dla MŚP a specyfika małej i średniej przedsiębiorczości w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 66: 171-181
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Autor	Krzysztof Prymon
Tytuł	Międzynarodowe Standardy Rachunkowości w kształtowaniu standingu finansowego przedsiębiorstwa
Title	INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS AND THEIR ROLE IN FORMING FINANCIAL STANDING OF A COMPANY
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Abstract	The paper attempts to demonstrate modern problems of evaluation of financial condition of a company. At the moment, the corporate accounting system in Poland is regulated both by the national Accountancy Law and International Financial Reporting Standards. As a result of such situation the financial results reported by company largely depend on the rules that are applied. The analysis conducted in the paper are executed on the example of the company Żywiec S.A.
Cytowanie	Prymon K. (2008) Międzynarodowe Standardy Rachunkowości w kształtowaniu standingu finansowego przedsiębiorstwa.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 66: 195-201
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Autor	Adam Chmielewski
Tytuł	Rachunkowość w rolnictwie – wybrane zagadnienia wymogów ewidencyjnych
Title	AGRICULTURAL ACCOUNTANCY – SELECTED ISSUES OF REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
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Abstract	Historical changes initiated in Poland at the end of the nineties, followed by integration with the European Union, have forced Poland to face a lot of challenges throughout the economy. Amongst these, there are those concerning the information systems which assist the estimation of the financial standing of the agriculture sector and individual farms. The article presents the current legal regulations and farmers’ duties regarding financial reporting. The first regulation, applicable to only a very small group of farmers, is the accounting act of law. A larger group of agricultural enterprises have to provide documentation related to profits and value added tax. The third group is those farmers who agreed to participate in the Farm Accountancy Data Network – FADN. The article concludes that despite the various legal regulations which obligate disclosure, financial information about the agricultural sector and individual farms is almost non-existent
Cytowanie	Chmielewski A. (2008) Rachunkowość w rolnictwie – wybrane zagadnienia wymogów ewidencyjnych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 66: 203-212
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Autor	Wacław Laskowski
Tytuł	Zmiany poziomu spożycia żywności w Polsce
Title	THE CHANGES OF THE LEVEL OF FOOD CONSUMPTION IN POLAND
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Abstract	The total amount of consumed food decreased in Poland. It is observed the decrease of consumption of cereals, potatoes, milk and butter. The changes are observed within the structure of food consumption as well. Beef consumption decreases, and poultry and plant fat consumption increases. In the future there are expected lower changes of consumption. There is observed the decrease of energy and nutritious value of daily food rations, what is justified. The change of nutritious value causes a lot of hazards to health. The most dangerous effect is the drastically decrease of calcium intake in the period of 20 years
Cytowanie	Laskowski W. (2008) Zmiany poziomu spożycia żywności w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 67: 5-14
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2008_n67_s5.pdf